Converting and Refining – Experience in Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy

Converting and refining play a central role in the extraction of metals. Sweden has a long tradition as an experimental play ground for metallurgists, chemists and alchemists, developing new methods and technologies. Presenters of papers are usually happy in recording successful developments. But reporting failures can be as great a value as the former. In the paper experiments and experience in process development are illustrated, differences between ferrous and non-ferrous developments are highlighted and industrial learning curves are discussed. 53