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Jan 1, 1923

Jan 1, 1923

By American Institute of Mining Engineers

By C. T. Cox

W. A. Reich.*—I should like to ask Mr. Cox if he has any information on the change in

Jan 1, 1945

We are glad to print the following letter from Herbert C. Hoover, who has recently been appointed Food Administrator, by President Wilson. Mr. Hoover has a tremendous task before him, and we are sure that mining engineers will give him their hearty support by responding to his appeal to stop the waste of food.

Jan 7, 1917

(Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons introduced by members.) Mining engineer and geologist. Member. 29 years old. Married. Seven years' experience in Lake Superior iron district; two as superintendent of extensive exploration in new fields. Capable of handling all details of the exploration and development of new properties. Available now. No. 431.

Jan 2, 1918

There is a basic need for the health and safety manager to know what work he or she is to do and how to do it in a more professional way. Peter F. Drucker in The Practice of Management said, "The ignorance of the function of management, of its work, of its standards and its responsibilities is one of the most serious weaknesses of an industrial society-and it is almost universal." The biggest need in mining today is for its managers to have a thorough understanding of the management control activity.

Jan 11, 1979

By Emil Schroedter

The death, on May 6,1908, of Dr. Hermarnn Wedding, Privy Mining Councilor of the Kingdom of Prussia, and Professor of the Metallurgy of Iron and Steel at the Royal Mining Academy of Berlin, was a loss keenly felt by the whole metallurgical world. Not alone in his native land, but also in foreign countries, did he enjoy an esteem of which the title of honorary membership in the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the United States Association of Charcoal Iron-Workers, and the (British) Iron and Steel Institute bears eloquent testimony.

Jan 1, 1910

The early gazetteers mentioned the mining of coal in this state but gave no output data Several of the bulletins of the Illinois Coal Mine Investigations give the results of some historical studies of parts of the state and some early production figures, but some make no mention of this phase of the industry Reports to the state by the various railroads of tonnages carried give figures for coal carried, but usually do not specify its origin These figures, however, when used for roads which crossed the various coal producing counties, and divided between counties in accordance with the little data available have furnished the base for the most of the estimates of county productions Some county histories furnished a few facts, and some were obtained from various other sources

Jan 1, 1942

By R. S. Rickard, H. D. Peterson, M. C. Fuerstenau, J. D. Miller

The flotation characteristics of the oxide copper minerals, malachite, azurite, and cuprite, have not presented the difficulty for concentration as have those of the copper silicate, chrysocolla. The copper carbonates and oxides respond reasonably well to flotation with conventional collectors, whereas chrysocolla will not respond to flotation with fatty acids or xanthates under normal flotation conditions. In this view then, other reagents will have to be devised to function as collectors for chrysocolla. The most obvious general class of reagents for this purpose would seem to be the organic copper chelating compounds. The utility of chelating agents as collectors in flotation systems has already been demonstrated.1-6

Jan 4, 1966

By D. W. Fuerstenau

The United States is rapidly approaching an acute shortage of minerals. According to some observers, this situation may even be more severe than the energy crisis because the US consumes nearly 30% of the world's mineral production. With the mounting competition for world mineral supplies, we can no longer take for granted that foreign mineral products will be available to the US as abundantly as in the past. In 1973, US consumption of mineral raw materials was $35 billion. Of this, $7 billion consisted of imports. Without a drastic reorientation towards the mining of domestic mineral resources, the 1973 $7 billion deficit might mushroom to $100 billion by the year 2000. Thus, a return to domestic sources of raw materials will become absolutely necessary-and will be bucking the trend of the past 25 years, characterized by capital investment for growth in multinational overseas mining operations.

Jan 11, 1975

By W. P. Rawles

In the foreword by C. K. Leith, Chairman of The Mineral Inquiry, it is pointed out that the ordinary mineral production tables do not show the commercial control, and that some knowledge of the situation is desirable as a background for the consideration of problems involving mineral raw materials. The report consists principally of tables, accompanied by a brief text, giving the production and an analysis of the control, according to nationality, of 18 minerals: aluminum, chromite, copper, iron and steel, lead, manganese ore, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, nitrates, petroleum, potash, silver, sulfur, tin, tungsten, vanadium, and zinc. For the most part, the production figures for 1929 and the latest figures for reserves have been used. When feasible, the control has been shown at the various stages of production; mining, smelting and refining. American capital was dominant in the production of 10 mineral commodities, including six of the most important; British capital, in four instances; while Spanish, German, Chilean or Chinese interests cach led in the control of one. British, French, German, and Dutch capital occupied second place in the control of most of the important minerals. Between two-thirds and three-fourths of the world's mincral production is controlled by British and American capital.

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1934

By Henry Wurtz

OBSERVING in the Engineering and Mining Journal, of January 16th, 1875, page 35, a report of a brief discussion upon the nature and origin of this unique and interesting coal, I take the liberty-on thus finding it a subject of interest to members of the Institute, and especially as my name came into this discussion-to communicate some results which may serve at least to overthrow certain erroneous ideas that have prevailed. While I would not claim to have made much approach to an understanding of this mineral-the whole of what I call Apozoic Mineralogy being as yet dark and almost unknown ground-yet I believe I have shown that few minerals of such importance and abundance, and so long before the world, have been so singularly misunderstood. On first examination of a sample of the substance to which the name of carbonite has been given, my surprise was not small, at failing to recognize in it one individual characteristic of true coke; neither the hardness, lustre, color, streak, porosity, sonorosity, structure, fracture, nor any of the so-called "pyrognostic" characters. Indeed, comparison with any coke, or variety or modification thereof, seemed altogether fantastic. Therefore the controversy regarding supposed trap dykes, whose existence at the locality is denied by some, seems useless, as we have no question of a natural coking, there having been no coking at all.

Jan 1, 1875

The House Committee of the Engineering Societies Building has lent to he members of the three welfare committees a room on the ground floor of the building where they can carry on some of their war activities. Two sewing machines and two knitting machines are installed there and ladies are invited to sew for the Foreign War Relief Committee and knit for the Emergency Committee, which is working for the 27th Engineers, a special mining regiment. The Emergency Committee, Mrs. H. Norman Spicer, Chairman, reports the formation of a committed of 21 members. The organization meeting was held March 7, and plans were made for future activities as follows: A letter was read from Mr. Ingalls asking for 72 sweaters, 72 helmets, 66 pairs of wristlets as well as 772 pairs of socks, 272 being for immediate delivery. To meet this request it was decided to secure the helmets and wristlets from the Navy League, and to undertake the making of the sweaters and socks ourselves. Accordingly Mrs. H. N. Spicer and Mrs. J. H. Devereux were empowered to buy wool in sufficient quantities, and woven material for the 72 sweaters, sending the bills to Mr. Ingalls, who had guaranteed the money from the Engineering and Mining Journal. This was attended to promptly, and the materials were ready for distribution to the committee on March 13. After considerable difficulty, knitting machines for the socks were discovered and the agent came to demonstrate them. Mrs. Spicer gave one to the Committee and Mr. Ingalls has guaranteed the money to buy two when the manufacturers can deliver them. Up to April 6, 130 pairs of socks, machine and hand-knitted, have been handed in-also 68 sweaters, 80 helmets and 90 pairs of wristlets. It has been calculated that it needs five women knitting behind each man at the front to keep him continuously supplied with knitted garments.

Jan 5, 1918

By AIME AIME

COUNCIL. PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. CHARLES KIRCHHOFF NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1912.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. BENJAMIN B. LAWRENCE NEW YORK, N. Y. JOSEPH W. RICHARDS SOUTH BETHLEHEM, PA. ALBERT SAUVEUR CAMBRIDGE, MASS. (Term expires February, 1912.) B. CHRISTY BERKELEY, CAL. W. A. LATHROP PHILADELPHIA, PA. GARDNER F. WILLIAMS WASHINGTON, D. C. (Term expires February, 1913.)

Sep 1, 1911

By K. Y. Lo, R. S. C. Wai, R. K. Rowe, L. Tham

Laboratory tests for the determination of thermo-mechanical proper- ties of three rock types were performed at temperatures up to 400°C. Results showed that for the medium and coarse Granitic Gneisses, the coefficient of thermal expansion and Young's modulus are strongly temperature and temperature history dependent. A threshold temperature exists for each rock type above which material nonlinearity becomes important, and is associated with the progress of thermal cracking. Finite element computations were performed to illustrate the influence of material nonlinearity and boundary constraint on thermal stresses. Finally, a case history of thermal spalling was analyzed and it is shown that the results of analysis are consistent with field observations.

Jan 1, 1982

Important chemical and other technical engineering work necessary, for the prosecution of this war is being carried on by the Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, at Washington, D. C. The services of trained men of the following classifications are urgently needed Bacteriologists Instrument makers Biologists Laboratory Assistants Chemists, Inorganic Laborers Chemists, Organic Machinists Chemists, Physical Physiologists Chemists, Electro- Plumbers Chemical Engineers Steamfitters Draftsmen Stenographers. Electrical Engineers Skilled labor of various kinds If your training fits you for any of these occupations, send to the Bureau of Mines, American University Experiment Station, . Washington, D. C. for blank forms. When properly executed and returned by you, these forms will be placed on file, and when a vacancy occurs you will be considered for it and will be notified if your services are desired. If you are a registrant in the draft, and have not yet been- ordered to camp, it may be possible to have you immediately inducted into the service for work here. If you are not in the draft, but feel that you wish to serve your country in the present crisis, you can enlist, or serve as a civilian. Serve your country where you can serve it best. VAN H. MANNING, Director.

Jan 6, 1918

By Roswell Johnson

WHAT becomes of the water which must have filled the oil and gas sands at the time of deposition, has long puzzled students of oil and gas and has found expression in Munn's well known article on the hydraulic theory. Both Munn and Clapp have pointed out that in the Appalachian field the deeper sands carry increasingly less proportionate amounts of water. It seems to me probable that the principal source of oil and gas has been in the shales in proximity to the sands which now contain these products. The sand spits which mark off the lagoons from the sea comply particularly with the requirements of a limited sand imbedded in shales rich in organic matter. Cunningham Craig has objected to this view that the rich organic muds of lagoons are found only at the surface. That such muds do extend to considerable depth 1 am assured by Prof. Douglas W. Johnson, who has made an extensive study of the Atlantic Coast marshes. As any particular sand body becomes weighted by a heavier and heavier overburden, the result of increasing deposition, a part of the very large percentage of water in the uncompacted sand and mud is forced pout. The water percentage of freshly settled mud is vastly higher than that of the resultant shales, or even of a very porous sand. If beds of less compressible material meet or underlie the shales in question, there will. frequently be a lateral motion along such beds to some point where the upward movement will be resumed. We find in our laboratory work here that oil, gas, and water have extremely slight capacity for gravitational sorting while in a state of rest but when moving the gravitational sorting is readily accomplished. As the oil, gas, and water pass a body of larger pores, the gas, owing to its lack of capillary attraction, is retained in .the large pores.

Jan 2, 1915

By Theron Wasson

Michigan has had another record year. Its production has been maintained by the development of fields discovered in 1938. Two minor fields were listed as discoveries in 1939. These are in the southwestern part of the state, where the greatest drilling activity took place. During the year 1465 tests were completed, of which 828 were oil wells, 56 gas wells and 581 dry holes. The four southwestern counties—Allegan, Ottawa, Kent and Van Buren—had 1077 tests drilled, while nine other southwestern counties had 70 tests, making a total of 1147 for this part of the state, 78 per cent of all drilled during the year. Michigan's production of 23,400,000 bbl. during 1939, equal to an average daily production of 64,110 bbl., exceeded 1938 by 4,655,000 bbl., thus establishing another annual record, which brought the cumulative amount for the state to a little over 125,000,000 barrels. A map showing location of Michigan oil and gas fields was published in the TRansactions in 1939 (Vol. 132, p. 353). Active Oil Fields.—The Walker field, near Grand Rapids, Kent County, had a rapid development during the year. Traverse limestone production was discovered here in September 1938, and development has been rapid during 1939. At the end of the year 5500 acres have been proved by drilling. The Traverse limestone is found in Walker field at a depth of about 1810 ft. The Temple field, Clare County, was the most active in Central Michigan. Its production is from the Monroe dolomite at a depth of 3890 ft. In this field 2500 acres have been proved by 125 producing wells. Michigan's largest producer for 1939 was drilled in the Temple field, with a rated potential of 8760 bbl. per day. The Wise field, Wise township, Isabella County, discovered in 1938, had a steady and orderly development because the operators agreed on a staggered 20-acre spacing program. So far 760 acres have been proved for production from the Dundee limestone, found at 3650 feet. Active Gas Fields.—The most active areas in which drilling was done during the past year for gas were the Freeman and Lincoln fields in Clare County, the Clayton field of Arenac County, and the Home field of

Jan 1, 1940