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By Ben B. Cox

Oil produced in Iraq for export during 1938 was 31,354,090 bbl., or a daily average of 85,901 bbl; This is an increase of 182,614 bbl., or 0.5 per cent over 1937. All oil exported was produced from the Kirkuk field. The Khanaqin Oil Company, Ltd., a subsidiary of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Ltd., continued to supply local market requirements from its Naft Khaneh field in the Transferred Territories. Slightly more than 32,000,000 bbl. was produced in Iraq, a small part of which was used in field operations. During the year 12 wells were completed and 9 wells were drilling at the end of the year. Of the completions, 5 were producers and 1 was an oil-water level observation well in proved fields, and 6 were listed as failures. Basrah Concession The outstanding event of the year was the granting, by the Kingdom of Iraq, of a 75-year concession embracing approximately 89,000 sq. miles to the Basrah Petroleum Company, Ltd., a British company with French and American participation. The concession covers all parts of the Kingdom, its territorial waters, islands, submerged lands, and its interest in the Neutral Zone separating Iraq and Saudi Arabia that

Jan 1, 1939

By H. J. Wasson

With the close of 1932 and the third year of the depression, the activity of oil production presents, amidst the general wreckage and chaos of industrial society, a somewhat unique picture of rationalized economic effort. How long it will continue to present such a picture, however, is a subject for conflicting surmises. East Texas still dominates the contemporary horizon, but it has become, at least for the time being, a definitely known factor. With its 9500 wells it is approximately 90 per cent drilled up. So long as production control obtains, it is merely one important factor of the national oil reserve. Domestic Production The notable new discoveries in the United States were less numerous than for several years. Elsewhere in the world the record is much the same. The Conroe field in Montgomery County, Texas, lying in an intermediate zone that might be classified either as Gulf Coast or East Texas, represents perhaps the single example of a truly major discovery during the year. Elsewhere in Texas the new pool discoveries, about a dozen or so in number, were nearly all in the region known as Southwest Texas. Oklahoma contributed seven or eight new pools of the routine "run-of-mine" caliber, and the opening up of a few deeper oil pays also were of some significance. Continued expansion of the proved and semiproved reserves in Kansas added an important increment to the oil resources of that state. In California not a single new field was added to the roster, though deeper pay zones equivalent to or of greater importance than many new fields in other parts of the country were discovered or indicated. The new deep zone in the Belridge field is considered by some to underlie the prolific Temblor and may thus forecast the widespread distribution of a potentinl oil horizon underlying many San Joaquin Valley fields below the depths thus far exploited. Aside from the routine operations in connection with settled production, the Eastern fields were decidedly inactive. Further new develop-

Jan 1, 1933

These springs arc situated on the south bank of the river about four miles below the City of Great Falls. In addition to the spring on the bank there are several in the bed of the river. Estimates on the flow of all these vary from 350 to 600 cubic feet per second, and as the temperature is practically constant at 53° F. throughout the year, the effect on the river water is to prevent the formation of anchor ice at the Rainbow Fails power development below, trouble of this source being in evidence every winter at the Black Eagle Falls above. Geologists claim that the water of the Giant Springs is derived from seepage through an old pre-glacial channel of the Missouri River now occupied by Sand Coulee, five miles up-stream from Great Falls. The water in this buried channel seeps through the flat-lying sandstone of the region and again unites with the present stream at the site of the springs.

Jan 1, 1913

By J. W. Harden

AT our meeting in October last we saw in operation at Pittsburgh, the comparatively modern process of the utilization of small coal by washing, by an arrangement similar to that of Bérard or Morrison. The small coal washed was that of an old pile, the refuse of the mining of the Pittsburgh bed, and which had long lain uncared for. Value was thereby restored to it when it was converted into a very good coke. This circumstance led to comments on the mountains of broken coal lying wasted, and in its present condition worse than useless, in the neighborhood of the mines of the Wyoming Valley, though they are not confined to that district. Some things were said condemning the course which produced it, some were left unsaid. Of a system that destroys one-half the coal-bed in producing the other half there can, however, be but one opinion. Schemes have been suggested for the utilization of present accumulations which, if successfully applied, would in so far be beneficial. More than ordinary attention is now being given to the same subject in England; a Mr. Barker has invented a means by which he amalgamates the "dust," too fine to burn in ordinary grates, with a composition he calls "diamond cement," producing blocks of coal said to resist water, both hot and cold, and which a smart blow will only break to pieces, not cause to crumble. But any scheme less than the one which will prevent the wasting of coal, which still goes on, though that involves the abandonment donment of the breaker, will only be one of expediency; and the latter can only be done by the aid of the consumer. But the wasting of coal is not alone with the breaker ; much is made in the mine. The cause is not far to seek ; the remedy is with capitalist and owner. Owners and consumers then are alike interested, and they have it in their power, in the one case, to mitigate, in the other, almost entirely to remove the cause of the evil. Of consumers there is one in every

Jan 1, 1873

By AIME AIME

This volume, in the preparation of which all former annual or collective indexes have been not only compiled but revised, is published for the special benefit of all who do not possess complete sets of the Transactions. And it is published at this particular time, as part of a plan by which it is hoped that the Library of the Institute, which, through liberal donations, has become unexpectedly comprehensive and valuable, may be made useful throughout the world. Thus, any person possessing this Index can ascertain at once what has been published in the Transactions on a given question, and can learn, by writing to the Secretary, what is its nature, whether it is still to be had in pamphlet form, where it can be consulted in a public library, at what cost it can be copied by hand, etc., etc. In short, to those who own complete sets of the Transactions, this Index will be a great convenience; but to those who do not, it will be a professional necessity. The edition now in press is limited, and orders received will be supplied according to date.

Jul 1, 1907

"Butte is in many ways an ideal location for a mining school. The student lives in the atmosphere of his intended profession. By the time he has spent four years at the school and in the community he has a fairly clear idea of what kind of a business he is entering upon, and is freed from any illusions about its being a primrose path he is about to follow. The mines and mills and smelters are his lecture rooms in part, and the shovel, pick and drill form part of his equipment. Most of the students work in the mines during part of their school life, which serves the double purpose of assisting them financially and increasing their practical knowledge.The School of Mines is a state institution, amply endowed and exceptionally well equipped. The school is strictly technical and no attempt is made to prepare men for any other work but mining engineering. The mining men of the community take an active interest in the welfare of the school and are of much assistance in securing employment for its graduates.The teaching staff is entirely composed of men who have had practical, commercial experience in their various specialties, and no expense is spared in securing suitable men for the faculty."

Jan 1, 1913

By AIME AIME

ANNOUNCEMENT on August 6 of the historic event of dropping an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, was more dramatic even than V-E day, since that had so long been forecast whereas the bomb production had been the best-kept secret of the war, even though at one time more than 100,000 people had been at work in connection with its production, and some two billion dollars had been spent on the project. Mining men had long been aware of an unexplained abnormal interest in uranium production, and suspected that something of the sort was on foot, while metallurgists were aware that various men of their acquaintance were engaged in some top secret research. The first announcement was soon supplemented by other official releases which told more about the research laboratories for theoretical and pilot studies, and the plants in Tennessee and Washington, but none of them made clear what the modus operandi is of these terrific bombs. Inquiry at Colum. bia University, where Dr. Dunning and his associates had succeeded in 1939 in splitting the uranium atom, and where laboratories known only as SAM have been feverishly active since the beginning of the war, was unproductive, since none of those officially connected with the project could give out anything beyond the official releases.

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