Search Documents

By C. Grua, M. Gottlieb, E. M. Wewerka

The Purpose of this paper is to present an overview of research underway at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory to investigate some of the more attractive options for controlling trace element contamination of coal refuse drainages. * The control methods under consideration include chemical and physical methods to immobilize or remove undesirable contaminants prior to refuse disposal, the treatment of refuse disposal sites with attenuating agents to prevent the discharge of contaminated water, and the direct treatment of refuse drainage as it emerges from the refuse disposal site. The results from these laboratory studies suggest that many of these techniques are technically feasible for controlling trace element contamination of refuse dump drainage.

Jan 1, 1982

By Y. Héroux, A. Chagnon, M. M. Savard

"Résumé- Le gîte de Pb-Zn de Gays River s'accompagne d'anomalies des propriétés de la matière organique (MO) et des assemblages de minéraux d'argile (AMA). L'association entre la minéralisation, la distribution de la réflectance de la MO et des AMA suggère que ces traceurs peuvent servir à l'exploration des sulfures de métaux de base dans cette région.A l'emplacement du gîte, la réflectance varie considérablement (0,80% à 1,88%), pouvant même afficher une baisse avec l'enfouissement, ce qui est interprété comme une altération chimique de la MO. Les valeurs les plus élevées s'accompagnent localement de quelques textures en mosaïque et délimitent une anomalie thermique au centre sud de la région. Parmi les minéraux des argiles identifiés, l'illite et la chlorite sont terrigènes alors que la smectite, la kaolinite et la corrensite sont authigènes et, à l'instar de l'altération de la MO, résultent des nouveaux équilibres chimiques créés suite à la précipitation des sulfures.Abstract- The Gays River Pb-Zn ore deposit is associated with anomalies defined from the characters of the organic matter (OM) and from the clay minerals assemblages. The relationships be­ tween these anomalies and the mineralization at the mine suggest that these parameters can be used as new guides for the exploration for base-metal sulfides in this area.The vitrinite reflectance (RJ shows a wide range of values (0.8% to 1.88%) and exhibits an anomalous suppressive effect with depth of burial at the mine site, suggesting a chemical alteration of the OM. The highest R, values are associated with mosaic textures and outline a thermal anomaly at the south-center of the studied area. Among the identified clay minerals, illite and chlorite are terrigenous, whereas smectite, kaolinite and corrensite are authigenous and, like the alteration of the OM, are due to the new chemical equilibria resulting from the precipitation of the sulfides."

Jan 1, 1994

By Eduardo M. Sacris

The performance of the grinding circuit, from the initial stages of operation to the present, is discussed. The mill efficiency as measured by the Bond grindability data and the operating work index is presented. The objective has been to produce a sand cyclone overflow containing not more than 6% +65 mesh. However, this has never been attained even at low milling rates. On the other hand, significant improvements in throughput were achieved by instituting some equipment changes and process modifications within the grinding circuit. The latest approach to solving the coarse grind problem is also discussed.

Jan 1, 1983

By Hubert Law, Dan A. Brown, Kyle M. Rollins

"Soil mixing and jet grouting provide a means to significantly increase the lateral resistance of pile group foundations with relatively little investment of time, effort, and expense compared to the cost for additional piles necessary to produce the same increased resistance. Comparative field testing conducted on full-scale pile groups before and after treatment of small soil volumes showed significant improvement in lateral resistance. The lateral resistance of the pile group increased by 60% due to soil mixing and by 180% due to jet grouting. To provide additional understanding regarding the influence of the soil mix strength, depth of improvement and width of improvement, a series of parametric studies were performed using a 3D finite element model. This set of “virtual load tests” was then combined with the results from the actual field tests to help develop a simplified model to account for observed behavior. In general, the testing and analysis indicate the pile group and the surrounding improved soil block generally act as an equivalent “super pile”. The passive force, side shear and base shear on the improved soil surrounding the pile group itself increased lateral resistance. This increase in resistance from the soil block can be added to the lateral resistance of the pile group.INTRODUCTIONThe lateral resistance of pile groups is often critical to the design of bridges and high-rise structures subject to seismic, wind, wave and landslide forces. Typically, when analyses indicate that the lateral resistance of a foundation is inadequate, additional piles, drilled shafts or micro-piles are added to increase the lateral resistance. Furthermore, an expanded pile cap or connecting beam is often required to structurally connect the new piles to the existing pile group. While this approach provides the required lateral resistance, it may also be relatively expensive and time consuming. An alternative approach is to use soil improvement techniques to increase the strength and stiffness of the surrounding soil and thereby increase the lateral resistance of the pile group. The improved zone could potentially be relatively shallow because the lateral resistance of piles is typically transferred within 5 to 10 pile diameters. For example, the soil around the periphery of the foundation could be relatively easily improved for an existing foundation as illustrated in Fig. 1(a) using a variety of soil improvement techniques. Alternatively, the soil under the foundation could be improved for a new foundation or even for an existing foundation with a technique such as jet grouting (see Fig. 1(b)). Improving the soil under the foundation would have the potential for producing greater increases in lateral resistance because the improvement would reach interior piles. In addition, the process of creating a cemented “soilcrete” zone around pile foundations could potentially produce a zone which would behave like a reinforced “superpile” with increased structural stiffness."

Jan 1, 2015

By Martin J. Gavin

The oil- shale studies of the Bureau of Mines , conducted in cooperation with the State of Colorado and the University of Utah , have for their primary purpose the determination of retorting and refining conditions most favorable for obtaining the highest yields of most satisfactory products . Oil shales , typical of the deposits in several States , are retorted in carefully controlled retorts of differe types , the conditions being varied in successive runs as the results indicate that improvement in the yield and quality of the products most desired may be expected . Each shale presents a somewhat different problem , for it has been found that different shales treated under similar conditions yield products of different natures , and also that the same shale will yield products of different natures when retorted under different conditions . Some shales apparently can not be made to yield , under any set of conditions , products of so high an order as are yielded by other shales . This indicates that the oil -yielding materials of certain shales differ in constitution and in their manner of breaking down when undergoing destructive distillation . Other shales appear to contain oil - yielding materials that resemble each other closely as regards chemical constitution , yet they require some. what different conditions of treatment , if products of similar nature are to be produced from each . In such cases the controlling factors seem to be the richness of the shale that is , its content of oil -yielding material and the physical and chemical nature of its mineral parts .

Mar 1, 1922

By Nicolus Rotich, Ritva Tuunila, Louhi-Kultanen. Marjatta

Most minerals, their ores, and gangue require sorting in order to maximize the recovery of the primary product during concentration. Gravity separation though old, is not obsolete and is continually playing an important role in mineral processing and many other industries, especially where plant energy efficiency is of concern. Screen designs e.g. material of construction, deck angle of inclination, the feed throughput, and physical as well as chemical properties of the particles, are critical factors to consider when using gravity for solid separation. Solids loading and screen geometry are significant, and easily manipulated operational parameters that affect both the screening rate and efficiency to a large extent. In this paper we applied nonlinear least squares optimization technique, and response surface methodology first, to assess the significance of the two factors, and secondly to select the best mathematical models that optimize both capacity and efficiency of the screening process. Initial experiments and confirmation tests were conducted on a prototype screen of 846.51cm2 effective area, (2100 cm2 total area). For glass beads of sizes 0.75-3mm, with feed loads of 10g up to 160g, and inclination angles from 5-20o, a maximum efficiency of 66.7%, and a screening rate of 22g/s was achieved with a screen loading of 86.5g, and an inclination angle of 12.43o. These results were then subjected to nonlinear least squares optimization, in which afterwards an optimum theoretical efficiency of 72% and screening rate of 31.2g/s were achieved at a loading of up to 104g. There was excellent performance at angles 12.5=?=17.5, but poor at the angles outside this range. The screening efficiency did not seem to respond significantly to changes in screen loading. Confirmation tests conducted at selected optimum parameters achieved an efficiency of 72.1% (at 17.5o with 88g load), and a rate of 27g/s at 16.5o with 104g.

Jan 1, 2014

By R. L. Manegold

This paper outlines the reasons for and the application of suspended magnets above belt conveyors for the purpose of removing tramp iron to protect equipment. The design of a magnet strong enough to extract iron through a distance of 24 in. is described along with the proper method of application in the field. Advantages of the suspended magnet in contrast to the conventional magnetic pulley are also discussed. IN RECENT years there has been a decided trend toward bringing ores and coal out of open-pit and underground mines by long, sloping single-stage belt conveyors. Because the high investment cost of haulage conveyors dictates maximum speed and full loading for economy, conveyor belts are running faster than ever before, with a greater burden on the belts. In addition, larger blocks of ore are being mined and conveyed. Rougher use of large mining equipment generates more tramp iron; mechanical loading rejects nothing. Therefore the extraction of tramp iron and other deleterious materials for the protection of haulage conveyors at transfer points, chutes, and idlers is becoming an increasingly difficult job. In our experience, the best method of protecting long haulage conveyor belts is to extract the tramp iron, at least the large tramp iron, ahead of the main haulage conveyor or series of conveyors. It is most practical to collect the tramp iron at the earliest source possible, usually directly after the primary car unloading dump or after the primary crushers, which are ordinarily not affected by tramp iron, see Fig. 1. The coal or ore from its primary source is fed by chutes or feeders onto a buffer or shock belt conveyor, a short, ruggedly built conveyor system that can be considered somewhat expendable. Its primary function is to bring the ore up to speed for transmission to the haulage conveyor. There is no assured method of protecting this conveyor from tramp iron damage at its feed end. Likewise, there is a possibility, although remote if the magnet applied to this belt is installed correctly, that the tramp iron extraction process will damage the shock belt, which is, however, short and comparatively inexpensive. Magnetic head pulleys with their maximum effective range of about 8 or 10 in. cannot be considered for large installations, even though they are desirable because of the continuous and automatic tramp iron removal feature. Further, the most dangerous form of tramp iron with respect to potential damage to a haulage conveyor is the long rod, roof bolt, or rail segment, which is not extracted satisfactorily because of the limited tangential contact of such an iron shape with the magnet. Magnetic head pulleys are also undesirable because the dribble or fines from the head pulley discharge at the same point as the tramp iron. Screens must be used to separate the fines from the magnetics, resulting in additional expense and loss of head room. Magnetic detectors have been used with success, but they only indicate the presence of iron, and the conveyor belt must be stopped for its manual removal. The stoppage of any conveyor means that all preceding equipment must be stopped or a cascade of material on the idle conveyor will result. Occasionally combinations of detectors and magnetic head pulleys are used. The detector precedes the magnetic head pulley and detects only large pieces of tramp iron, while the magnetic pulley subsequently takes out the smaller ferrous metals. Suspended magnets overcome the disadvantages of magnetic head pulleys, detectors or a combination of both. There are several magnetic extraction problems involved in applying a suspended magnet at this

Jan 1, 1953

By R. L. Manegold

This paper outlines the reasons for and the application of suspended magnets above belt conveyors for the purpose of removing tramp iron to protect equipment. The design of a magnet strong enough to extract iron through a distance of 24 in. is described along with the proper method of application in the field. Advantages of the suspended magnet in contrast to the conventional magnetic pulley are also discussed. IN RECENT years there has been a decided trend toward bringing ores and coal out of open-pit and underground mines by long, sloping single-stage belt conveyors. Because the high investment cost of haulage conveyors dictates maximum speed and full loading for economy, conveyor belts are running faster than ever before, with a greater burden on the belts. In addition, larger blocks of ore are being mined and conveyed. Rougher use of large mining equipment generates more tramp iron; mechanical loading rejects nothing. Therefore the extraction of tramp iron and other deleterious materials for the protection of haulage conveyors at transfer points, chutes, and idlers is becoming an increasingly difficult job. In our experience, the best method of protecting long haulage conveyor belts is to extract the tramp iron, at least the large tramp iron, ahead of the main haulage conveyor or series of conveyors. It is most practical to collect the tramp iron at the earliest source possible, usually directly after the primary car unloading dump or after the primary crushers, which are ordinarily not affected by tramp iron, see Fig. 1. The coal or ore from its primary source is fed by chutes or feeders onto a buffer or shock belt conveyor, a short, ruggedly built conveyor system that can be considered somewhat expendable. Its primary function is to bring the ore up to speed for transmission to the haulage conveyor. There is no assured method of protecting this conveyor from tramp iron damage at its feed end. Likewise, there is a possibility, although remote if the magnet applied to this belt is installed correctly, that the tramp iron extraction process will damage the shock belt, which is, however, short and comparatively inexpensive. Magnetic head pulleys with their maximum effective range of about 8 or 10 in. cannot be considered for large installations, even though they are desirable because of the continuous and automatic tramp iron removal feature. Further, the most dangerous form of tramp iron with respect to potential damage to a haulage conveyor is the long rod, roof bolt, or rail segment, which is not extracted satisfactorily because of the limited tangential contact of such an iron shape with the magnet. Magnetic head pulleys are also undesirable because the dribble or fines from the head pulley discharge at the same point as the tramp iron. Screens must be used to separate the fines from the magnetics, resulting in additional expense and loss of head room. Magnetic detectors have been used with success, but they only indicate the presence of iron, and the conveyor belt must be stopped for its manual removal. The stoppage of any conveyor means that all preceding equipment must be stopped or a cascade of material on the idle conveyor will result. Occasionally combinations of detectors and magnetic head pulleys are used. The detector precedes the magnetic head pulley and detects only large pieces of tramp iron, while the magnetic pulley subsequently takes out the smaller ferrous metals. Suspended magnets overcome the disadvantages of magnetic head pulleys, detectors or a combination of both. There are several magnetic extraction problems involved in applying a suspended magnet at this

Jan 1, 1953

By Peng Yu-mei, Cao Zhi-yun, Fan Qing-en

In China, an enormous amount of Au-Ag bering calcines, residues and tailings are produced each year from various sources in mining, metallurgical and chemical industries. For a long time, these materials have been either stored up in dumps or disposed of into rivers, resulting in not only waste of resources but also severe environmental pollution. It is therefore of great significance, both from economical and public welfare points of view, to recover efficiently and make full use of the metallic values from these miscellaneous materials. In this paper the physical and chemical properties of these Au-Ag bearing calcines, leached residues and tailings are described and the current status of their utilization are briefly outlined, followed by a more detailed description of some innovative processes now in practice. Lastly, the potential prospects of gold and silver recovery from these materials in China, particularly in the Hunan province, are envisaged.

Jan 1, 1998

By A. Mainza, A. Mabentsela

A finite element model of a 5 m radius DC arc ilmenite furnace in idling mode was used to test the notion that the slag solidifies when it comes in to contact with colder pig iron, thus constituting the initial step in the formation of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface. It was found that a slag that is 150°C hotter than the pig iron does not solidify at the interface. The 150°C temperature difference between the slag and pig iron is a result of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface, not the other way around as suggested in the literature. Calculations show that the thickness of the frozen slag at the slag-pig iron interface is 1.7 cm for the furnace used. It is proposed that slag solidification begins with the slow co-current flow of molten slag and pig iron in the outer parts of the furnace. This provides enough time for molten slag to interact with molten pig iron without solidifying. As the reduction products form due to reduction of the slag by carbon in the pig iron, the slag solidifies. This approach negates the need for the slag to solidify by merely coming into contact with an inherently colder pig iron. Making use of a low thermal contact conductance between the slag and pig iron was found to be sufficient to numerically capture the presence of solid slag at the slag-pig iron interface and to preserve the 150C difference between the slag and pig iron phase.

Mar 30, 2023

By Jean-Michel Rendu

In most mining operations, some degree of selectivity is applied. Whether one deals with surface or underground operation, ore zones, and waste zones are defined not only on the basis of the value of the ore contained, but also taking mining constraints into account. A number of computer techniques are presented which can be used to determine the optimum location of the footwall and hanging wall of ore zones intersected by drill holes. Minimum mining width and minimum internal waste width constraints are taken into account, as well as other economic constraints. The system is presented as an integral part of a larger manumatic ore reserve and mine planning system.

Jan 1, 1982

By L. M. Yokum

Tremendous strides have been made in front end loaders in the last 15 years. Fifteen years ago a 21/4-cu-yd front end loader was the largest standard machine you could purchase. Today there are two commercially available 15-yd front end loaders and many 10-yd loaders. The estimated total worldwide market for all front end loaders over 1 cu yd has increased to over 30,000 units yearly. The trend for front end loaders, in general, and for the mining market, in particular, is to larger and larger loaders. Today there are 18 and 24-cu-yd front end loaders in prototype form. It is not inconceivable that within another 15 years there will be front end loaders in the 50-cu-yd class with design features quite different from today's. These larger loaders are being designed at the demand of the mining industry, and the design criteria are being directed at this market area. The costs of these larger loaders may be greater per unit of capacity, but it is the intent of the various manufacturers that they will be more reliable, be easier to service, give greater availability, live longer, and cost less to maintain, than previous loaders. It is also the intent of the manufacturers to compete directly with the large mining shovel as the front end loaders become appropriately larger and more reliable. There has been some trend in this direction in the past with smaller shovels and loaders. In Table 1 are data for U.S. production of front end loaders (5 to 6-cu-yd class and 10-cu-yd class) and U.S. production of cable-operated, crawler-mounted power shovels, draglines, and cranes (11/z to 5-cu-yd class) for the years 1965 and 1970 (Source: Bureau of Census, U.S. Department of Commerce). Many believe that the decline in shovel production, in particular, is due at least in part to the acceptance of the front end loader as a primary production tool. However, the foregoing comparison is for a smaller shovel class than for front end loaders. It has generally been a rule of thumb that a front end loader is competitive on a cost and production basis with a shovel when it is approximately twice as large as the shovel. This same relationship may not hold true with the larger 10 to 15-cu-yd electric shovels, but at some point, direct competition will probably occur. Current Trends There are many trends today that are significant. One major usage trend in large front end loaders involves load and carry operations. This application is defined as "performing the functions of loading, hauling and dumping with one machine over distances within its economical limits." Many people are using front end loaders to transport material as well as load it. It is estimated that nearly half of all 10-cu-yd front end loaders sold in 1970 went into primary load and carry work. Many times, significant savings result from using the load and carry system, instead of small truck and shovel operations, for distances in excess of 1000 ft. Strip mining in coal utilizes great numbers of front end loaders in this manner. In-pit crushing of limestone is developing on an ever-increasing level, especially in Europe, and this stimulates interest in load and carry operations. In Table 2 is a cost example for 10-cu-yd front end loader in a limestone quarry. More than likely, load and carry use will continue to increase over the next few years. While some types of mining do not lend themselves to load and carry in the pit, such areas as surge piles are applicable and should be studied. In the area of machine operating cost reduction, there

Jan 1, 1974

By Zhengde Pang, Xue-wei Lv, Guibao Qiu, Chenguang Bai, Zhiming Yan

As a result of the consumption and the rising cost of raw materials for ironmaking, steel producers have increased their utilization of low-cost, low-grade raw materials such as high alumina iron ore. The effect of Al2O3 and the Al2O3/SiO2 ratio on the viscosity, surface tension and sulfide capacity of the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 blast furnace slag system were studied in the present work. At a fixed CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.20, 9 mass pct MgO, and 1 mass pct TiO2, the viscosity increases with an increase in Al2O3 content at a range of 16–24 mass pct, and decreases when the Al2O3 is higher than 24 mass pct. Increasing Al2O3/SiO2 from 0.47 to 0.92 causes a slight decrease in viscosity of the slags and has an opposite effect when Al 2O3/SiO2 is more than 0.92. The surface tension increases with increasing Al2O3 content at a fixed Al2O3 content and Al2O3/SiO2 at a fixed CaO content. The desulfurizing capacity decreases with increasing of Al2O3 content, while increases with increasing Al2O3/SiO2 at a fixed CaO content.

Mar 1, 2018

By Jung-Hoon Kang

Present study was stemmed from the survey associated with deep-sea mining in the KODOS area between Clarion Fracture Zone and Clipperton Fracture Zone located in the North Pacific Ocean. The study area, which is located in the southeastern part of North Pacific gyre, is oligotrophic waters with low nutrients and chl-a concentrations below 1µg/l (MOMAF, 1996). This area is also characterized by divergence at 8°N and convergence at 6°N, which moved northward or southward in the range of a few kilometers with seasonal and climate changes. If the waste materials related to deep-sea mining are intruded into the surface waters continuously, unexpected effects to water column ecosystem are anticipated negatively. In order to assess the impact on the planktonic ecosystem, natural variation need to be distinguished from anthropogenically induced variation in terms of the abundance and species composition of plankton. In this study, mesoscale variation of zooplankton community was reported in relation to the physical conditions in the northeastern Pacific during 1998 and 1999. Temperature and salinity were determined using a CTD from surface to 200m depth in July 3-20, 1998 and in June 22-July 1, 1999. Zooplankton samples were collected from two different depths (0-50m, 50-200m) by vertical towing using an opening-closing net (100cm diameter and 300 µm mesh size). The samplings were carried out at every one degree between 5° and 12°N (1998), between 5° and 11°N (1999) along the meridional lines of 131°30´ W. The net was lowered to the depth of interest from a stationary research vessel and towed upward to collect zooplankton at a speed of 25~30 m per minute. Zooplankton samples were transferred to 1-l sampling bottles and immediately fixed with neutralized formalin into the final concentration of 5%. Considering the characteristics of zooplankton such as diurnal vertical migration, all samplings were done during the nighttime. The volume filtered by the net was calculated from the readings of flow meter (Hydro-Bios Model 438-115). Zooplankton were identified to the genus level and enumerated under a microscope. The abundance of zooplankton at each station was expressed as the numbers/100 m3.

Jan 1, 2003

By Cynthia Serra Batista Castro

A dissolução de precipitados complexos de Ti e Nb durante a etapa de reaquecimento de placas foi estudada utilizando-se amostras de quatro aços microligados. As análises foram realizadas por microscopia óptica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura nas amostras de placas antes e após reaquecimento em diferentes tempos de encharque. Os resultados mostraram que os precipitados com tamanho inferior a 100 nm foram dissolvidos durante a etapa de reaquecimento do material, não necessitando de encharque. Para precipitados de 100 nm até 500 nm, verificou-se dissolução parcial com o aumento do tempo de encharque até 50 min. Para precipitados mais grosseiros, não houve dissolução significativa durante as etapas de encharque estudadas. Os resultados foram influenciados pelo grau de limpidez dos aços, nível de segregação e razão Ti/N.

Oct 30, 2017

By Flávio James Humberto Tommasini Vieira Ramos

A pesquisa foi realizada com o intuito de produzir nanocompósitos baseados em uma matriz polimérica de poli (metacrilato de metila) (PMMA) com nanocargas de carbeto de silício (SiC) dispersas na matriz orgânica. Os nanocompósitos foram produzidos através da polimerização em massa, a qual o peróxido de benzoíla foi utilizado como o iniciador. Os novos materiais foram produzidos sob a forma de filmes e consequentemente eles foram submetidos e caracterizados pelas análises de termogravimetria (TGA), espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada Fourier (FTIR), fluorescência de raio-x (XRF), espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raio-x (EDS) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (FEGSEM). Os resultados obtidos durante a caracterização dos filmes dos nanocompósitos demonstraram a boa eficiência dos processos de sínteses e misturas das cargas de SiC na matriz orgânica.

Oct 30, 2017

By Samuel de Lima Silva

A Comissão Interna de Conservação de Energia (CICE) atuou com uma série de ações para aprimorar a rotina de trabalho com finalidade da redução do consumo específico de gás natural na Unidade de Juiz de Fora da Votorantim Metais Zinco. As principais ações adotadas foram o desligamento de um dos queimadores da Caldeira Aalborg, e regulação do outro para 50%, utilizando o primeiro apenas quando necessário; estudo de melhorias na operação da Planta Polimetálicos, visando a redução de consumo pelo queimador do forno; melhoria no acompanhamento de consumo diário, tanto na chegada de gás quanto na caldeira; levantamento dos pontos de vazamento de vapor e contratação externa para adequação. Como resultado dessa série de ações tomadas, obtivemos uma redução de 17% no consumo específico de gás natural da planta.

Jul 31, 2018

By Adam J. Gesing

Eddy current separators are increasingly used by the auto shredder operators to produce higher grade of nonferrous metal concentrate for recycling. While this increases the unit price of the concentrate, metal losses through inefficient metal recovery quickly offset the price differential. We show how to optimize the eddy current separation system at the shredder to maximize mate- rial throughput, nonferrous metal recovery and grade of the nonferrous metal concentrate.

Jan 1, 1998

By Helder Keitaro Arçari Ambo

Aços IF (Interstitial Free) são materiais com grande capacidade de serem conformados a frio, normalmente na forma de chapas, utilizados na indústria automobilística na fabricação de carrocerias de automóveis e outros componentes similares. Neste artigo foi realizado ensaio isotérmico de dupla deformação com objetivo de determinar a fração de amaciamento que ocorre no intervalo entre passes e o parâmetro de amaciamento4. O método para obter estes dados foi utilizando software da Instron em conjunto a maquina de torção e o forno de indução. Os resultados obtidos foram de grande importância no estudo para avaliar o comportamento do material quanto aos fenômenos metalúrgicos e termomecânicos envolvidos, ou seja, se ocorre recuperação, recristalização dinâmica entre outros processos de restauração do material quando submetido a forças externas em elevadas temperaturas.

Oct 30, 2017

By Douglas Batista Mazzinghy

O Projeto Minas-Rio possui o maior circuito de remoagem do mundo com o uso de moinho Vertimill. O circuito foi comissionado no final de 2014 e vem apresentando desempenho conforme projetado. São duas linhas de remoagem sendo que cada linha possui oito moinhos Vertimill modelo Metso VTM-1500 e quatro baterias de ciclones, totalizando dezesseis moinhos e oito baterias de ciclones. O circuito é do tipo reverso e são utilizadas bolas de alto cromo de 12,5 mm de diâmetro como carga moedora. O moinho Vertimill é bem robusto e não apresentou problemas maiores durante os primeiros seis meses de operação. O presente trabalho faz uma avalição da operação destes equipamentos e compara os dados de projeto com os resultados industriais obtidos através de campanhas de amostragens.

Aug 16, 2017