Search Documents

By Roger M. Nendick

The recovery of precious metals from heap leach solutions can be accomplished by two processes: 1. The Carbon Adsorption Process 2. The Merrill-Crowe Zinc Precipitation Process A brief review of the relative process economics is made. Each process presents certain design considerations that must be addressed during the evaluation and engineering design for the project. Discussion is presented on the design criteria for each process.

Jan 1, 1984

JOSEPH W. RICHARDS, Chairman. J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Vice-Chairman. ARTHUR S. CALLEN, Secretary, 453 Chestnut St., So. Bethlehem, Pa. SUB-COMMITTEES IRON ORE DWIGHT E. WOODBRIDGE, Chairman. ERNEST F. BURCHARD, WILLIAM KELLY, CHARLES F. RAND, FELIX A. VOGEL. BLAST FURNACES II. A. BRASSERT, Chairman. WILLIAM H. BLAUVELT, AMBROSE N. DIEHL, JAMES GAYLEY RICHARD V. McKAY. STEEL WORKS HENRY D. HIBBARD, Chairman. GUILLIAEM AERTSEN, C. F. W. RYS, .1. S. UNGER. FRANK D. CARNEY, A. A. STEVENSON, WILLIAM It. WALKER. MECHANICAL TREATMENT CHARLES A. BUCK, Chairman. ROBERT W. HUNT, GEORGE MESTA, FREDERICK W. WOOD.

Jan 6, 1915

By Ralph E. Esarey, George V. Cohee

In Indiana, 349 wells were drilled for oil and gas in the year 1942. Of this number, 125 oil wells and 21 gas wells were successfully completed and 203 were dry holes. Drilling activity declined 37 per cent as compared with that of the year 1941. This reduction was brought about largely by Federal Conservation Order M-68, restricting drilling to one well on 40 acres, in order to save steel. This Order was later supplemented to permit closer spacing of wells drilled to sandstone formations in southwestern Indiana. Most of the drilling in 1942 was in the southwestern part of the state. Posey County ranked first, with 94 completions and 44 producers; Gibson County, second, with 77 completions and 38 producing oil wells and 2 gas wells. There were 58 drilling operations in the state at the end of the year. During 1942 a total of 589,734 ft. of hole was drilled, of which 231,702 ft. was wildcat footage. The total initial production of the oil wells completed was 9974 bbl. and of the gas wells, 11,148,000 cu. ft. (Table 2). Of the 349 wells completed, 122 were wildcat wells (Table 3); 26 were completed as oil wells; 17 were extensions to proven fields and 9 discovered new pools. Posey County was foremost in wildcat drilling, with 37 wells completed (Table 6). Thirty-five per cent of the wells drilled in 1942 were wildcat, as compared with 25.5 per cent in 1941. It is anticipated that the percentage of wildcat wells drilled in 1943 will be greater, although the total number ol ,wells drilled in the state will probably be less. The new discoveries in Indiana in I942 were, for the most part, one-well pools in the southwestern part—in Posey, Gibson and Spencer Counties (Table 4). Most of the development in pools took place in the . Hazelton and Kirksville pools in Gibson County, Mr. Vernon pool in Posey County and the Vernon Heights pool in Vander-burgh County. Deeper production was obtained from the Osage limestone in the Hazelton pool at a depth of 2402 ft., 650 ft. below the productive McClosky limestone. The well had an initial production of 140 barrels. Extensions to 17 pools in the southwestern part of the state were successfully completed (Table 5). An interesting development during 1942 was new production from the Devonian limestone in the Dodds Bridge pool, Sullivan County. The Ohio Oil Co. deepened one of its wells, which had been producing from a shallow sand, to the,Devonian, and it was completed for an initial production of 77 bbl. Five other Devonian producing wells were completed in that area. Crude-oil production in Indiana in 1942 was 6,609,000 bbl. (Table I). The Griffin field, Gibson and Posey Counties, which produced approximately 3,550,000 bbl., accounted for more than half of the state's production. The Mt, Vernon and New Harmony fields were next in importance of production, with 684,000 and 523,000 bbl., respectively. The price of crude oil was $1.22 a barrel for the old

Jan 1, 1943

By George V. Cohee, Ralph E. Esarey

In Indiana, 349 wells were drilled for oil and gas in the year 1942. Of this number, 125 oil wells and 21 gas wells were successfully completed and 203 were dry holes. Drilling activity declined 37 per cent as compared with that of the year 1941. This reduction was brought about largely by Federal Conservation Order M-68, restricting drilling to one well on 40 acres, in order to save steel. This Order was later supplemented to permit closer spacing of wells drilled to sandstone formations in southwestern Indiana. Most of the drilling in 1942 was in the southwestern part of the state. Posey County ranked first, with 94 completions and 44 producers; Gibson County, second, with 77 completions and 38 producing oil wells and 2 gas wells. There were 58 drilling operations in the state at the end of the year. During 1942 a total of 589,734 ft. of hole was drilled, of which 231,702 ft. was wildcat footage. The total initial production of the oil wells completed was 9974 bbl. and of the gas wells, 11,148,000 cu. ft. (Table 2). Of the 349 wells completed, 122 were wildcat wells (Table 3); 26 were completed as oil wells; 17 were extensions to proven fields and 9 discovered new pools. Posey County was foremost in wildcat drilling, with 37 wells completed (Table 6). Thirty-five per cent of the wells drilled in 1942 were wildcat, as compared with 25.5 per cent in 1941. It is anticipated that the percentage of wildcat wells drilled in 1943 will be greater, although the total number ol ,wells drilled in the state will probably be less. The new discoveries in Indiana in I942 were, for the most part, one-well pools in the southwestern part—in Posey, Gibson and Spencer Counties (Table 4). Most of the development in pools took place in the . Hazelton and Kirksville pools in Gibson County, Mr. Vernon pool in Posey County and the Vernon Heights pool in Vander-burgh County. Deeper production was obtained from the Osage limestone in the Hazelton pool at a depth of 2402 ft., 650 ft. below the productive McClosky limestone. The well had an initial production of 140 barrels. Extensions to 17 pools in the southwestern part of the state were successfully completed (Table 5). An interesting development during 1942 was new production from the Devonian limestone in the Dodds Bridge pool, Sullivan County. The Ohio Oil Co. deepened one of its wells, which had been producing from a shallow sand, to the,Devonian, and it was completed for an initial production of 77 bbl. Five other Devonian producing wells were completed in that area. Crude-oil production in Indiana in 1942 was 6,609,000 bbl. (Table I). The Griffin field, Gibson and Posey Counties, which produced approximately 3,550,000 bbl., accounted for more than half of the state's production. The Mt, Vernon and New Harmony fields were next in importance of production, with 684,000 and 523,000 bbl., respectively. The price of crude oil was $1.22 a barrel for the old

Jan 1, 1943

J. L. CHRISTIE, Chairman T. S. FULLER, Past-chairman W. M. PEIRCE, Vice-chairman W. A. SCHEUCH, Vice-chairman E. M. WISE, Secretary International Nickel Co., Bayonne, N. J. W. M. CORSE, Treasurer Executive Committee H. A. BEDWORTH G. O. HIERS D. K. CRAMPTON R. H. LEACH E. H. DIX, JR. R. F. MEHL J. A. GANN J. WALTER SCOTT' JEROME STRAUSS Finance Committee T. S. FULLER, Chairman W. M. CORSE H. S. RAWDON C. H. MATHEWSON SAM TOUR

Jan 1, 1934

By R. E. Cech

Metallographic observations on hydrogen-reduced nickel oxide crystals suggest that nucleation of nickel occurs at structural singularities in the oxide. The fully reduced structure contains micron-diameter, worm-like voids occupying 40 to 50 pct of the volume. The crystallographic orientation relationships between nickel oxide and nickel resulting from oxide reduction are recorded and discussed. THE process of reduction of oxide to metal is one of considerable complexity involving a chemical reduction reaction, mass transport of reducing agent to the point of reaction and of reaction product away from it, and finally a transformation whereby metal atoms released from the oxide rearrange to form a stable reduced phase. In addition, nucleation of the reduced phase affects the overall reaction kinetics. Thus far only the thermodynamic aspect of reduction has received the attention warranted by the importance of

Jan 1, 1960

By C. E. Lawall

WHEN this study was started very little information was available, regarding the physical characteristics of West Virginia coals. This was particularly true of friability and of crushing strengths of the coals. Some work had been done on specific gravity studies but the available information applied to only a few coals. In practically all coal-classification systems thus far proposed, the predominating factors of classifications are largely based on the chemical characteristics of the coal. Recently some investigators have pointed out that a classification based on chemical and physical properties of coal might serve to place coals in their proper group better than classification systems based on chemical properties alone. One of the aims of this study was to obtain some data on the physical properties of coal which might help to properly classify West Virginia coals.

Jan 1, 1932

By Thomas N. Walthier

If current trends continue, the shrunken world of exploration will keep on shrinking and the number of new mines will be insufficient to meet production requirements. Mineral shortages-not natural, but government induced-will then occur.

Jan 5, 1976

By R. E. Old

THROUGH the use of pressure and production records, formation properties and bottom-hole sample data, the performance of an oil reservoir may be studied analytically to define and evaluate the natural forces acting on and within the reservoir. Use is made of material-balance methods and the equations for natural water encroachment to estimate reserves. Methods for calculation of pressures are given. A study of the Jones sand, Schuler field, Arkansas, has been made and is given here to illustrate the value of the methods discussed.

Jan 1, 1942

Delay in classifying the war minerals claims geographically and by minerals' has resulted because a part of the claims is in the hands of the commission which is holding hearings at points easy of access from the mining districts. It was necessary for the commission to take many claims for use at these hearings. Twenty days will be allowed claimants to file typewritten or printed briefs based on the record made by the commission's findings. At the end of twenty days, the case will be finally submitted to the Secretary of the Interior. No new facts will be considered, those which have been submitted to the commission only being given consideration. The Attorney General has issued a decision whereby only such claimants as were directly requested by the government to start operations will receive consideration under the War Minerals Act.

Jan 9, 1919

Some specific observations might be appropriate concerning the reporting of Research and Development results. Each report is usually directed towards a particular group, such as technical, operational financial, or marketing. The requirements and background of the group receiving the report must be considered, and the emphasis and coverage geared to the training of people concerned. For reports that might have large and varied distribution, it is often feasible to group, either as sections or appendixes, the special details and information of interest only to certain functions within the organization. (A check list prepared in conjunction with the various users of the report is sometimes useful to prevent omissions.) Typical points listed might be: Financial- (1) capital requirements, (2) timing of capital expenditures, (3) tax implications, including depreciation, depletion and investment credits, (4) changes in working capital.

Jan 10, 1967

By G. Stuart Jenkins

CONDITIONS at the properties of the Consolidated Coal Co. had reached a point where improvements were almost impractical. The mines, sunk years ago, had shafts and entries so small as to preclude the use of large mine cars. A radical change was necessary in the type of mining and also in the type of mine to accommodate such haulage units. After due consideration, the company decided to enter the field of trackless mining, utilizing belt conveyors and chain-flight conveyors, the belt conveyors to take the long haul, and the chain-flight conveyors to be used for gathering. It was decided not to sink a shaft, but to drive a slope on an inclination of 17 1/2°, which the company believes to be about the limit on which coal can be carried on a belt without rolling back unduly.

Jan 1, 1939

By Paul K. Krueger

SUMMARY Since 1970 the Federal Preparedness Agency has been using computer models to help establish the amounts of strategic and critical materials to be held in the National Stockpile. Fifty-three of these materials are metals or minerals. The following diagram shows the linkage of models used to estimate material requirements. [ ] The starting point for the models are estimates of the major components of GNP for some future period. These may be estimates purchased from a forecasting service or may be produced in-house. The projections are translated into industrial final demands using DITT (Demand Impact Transformation Tables), a system developed at FPA. Then using a version of the current Bureau of Economic Analysis input-output model, estimates are made of the gross output of each industry necessary to support the level and composition of GNP as specified by the macro-economic model.

Jan 1, 1977

By R. A. Spitz, T. C. Frankiewicz, R. E. Lueders, D. S. Davies

Further development of the Nitric-Sulfuric Leach (NSL) process has led to an improved design of the leach and nitric acid recovery steps. NO produced in the leach step is reacted with oxygen, regenerating NO2, which is sparged directly into the leach reactor. Leaching is simplified to two steps, and the nitric acid plant is replaced with an oxidation recycle gas system. Laboratory work substantiated the concept and led to selection of operating conditions. The lab work also pointed to improved process control compared to use of nitric acid as the sole oxidant. Recovery of copper from purified pregnant liquor is modified to use air agitation electrowinning improving cathode quality and lowering tankhouse costs. Economic evaluation shows reduction of capital requirements from $2640 per annual ton to $2220 per annual ton in 1978 dollars for 45 kt/a of copper production.

Jan 1, 1982

Jan 1, 1922

By A. R. Jr. Amos

LOG washers have been used for many years in the washing of clay iron ores, phosphate rock and manganese ores, but not until the past 15 years have they been employed to any extent in the preparation of aggregate materials and fluxing stone. For a machine of such importance where tenacious clay or soft rock must be eliminated, there are few data generally available. The purpose of this paper is to set forth the results obtained from several operations, together with a few suggestions for planning a specific installation. Where the material to be washed out consists of loose surface soil, silt, or small amounts of quickly soluble clay, there is little competition with other forms of washers, because greater power and maintenance are required for the operation of log washers, but where the foreign matter is a stiff clay, such as occurs with high-calcium limestones and in marginal gravel deposits, the ability of other kinds of washers to eliminate com-pletely the hard clay balls is at least uncertain. Then the log washer comes into its own field, for with the breaking and churning action of the logs it will clean out the toughest clay. Even with material from the hydraulic dredge, if it contains tough clay, the log washer is desirable unless the gravel is subjected to a costly soaking and rehandling process. Recently there has been a considerable development in other types of machines to accomplish these results but it is not within the scope of this paper to make comparisons between competitive types, but to present the best obtainable data on log washers only. From the primitive design that gave it its name, a long log hewn from a tree, with paddles forged to shape from strap iron and attached by lag screws, the log washer has gradually been developed to the present all-steel type. As now manufactured, the log washer consists essentially of two built-up logs on which are mounted a series of paddles, carried by shafts fitted at the ends of the logs on bearings fastened outside the enclosing steel box, or trough, which is set at an angle of about 5° to 10° and into which the material is fed. Stuffing boxes at the places where the shafts pass through the box at the lower end are equipped with water-

Jan 1, 1936

Jan 1, 1941

COUNCIL OF SECTION DELEGATES E H Stevens, Chairman James W Halley, Vice-Chairman George J Donaldson, Secretary The Peoples Natural Gas Co 140 Stanwix St Pittsburgh 22, Pa EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE H R Wardwell, J G Evans, H R Bianco, Harry Campbell

Jan 1, 1955

By F. Valton

(Read at the Wilkes-Barre Meeting, May, 1877.) IN the number of the Engineering and Mining Journal for April 7th, 1877, Mr. W. P. Ward, of Cartersville, Georgia, explains in a very interesting manner, the results he obtained in the manufacture of ferromanganese in the blast furnace. These results may be summed tip as follows : Production in the blast furnace of an alloy containing 67.2 per cent. manganese and 3 per cent. of carbon at most, with a utilization of the manganese amounting to 58 per cent. With the exception of the indicated proportion of carbon, which should be almost doubled to express the true state of facts, we would have had no observations to make on Mr. Ward's paper had he taken into account the results obtained in the same line in other centres of production. Before 1870, spiegel with 8 or 10 per cent. manganese only was known among blast-furnace products. In a journey to Sweden, in 1871, I ascertained that the Schysshyttan works manufactured regularly a spiegel with 18 per cent. manganese. Later, at the Vienna Exhibition, in 1873, the Sava and Jauerburg works, in Carniola, presented to the jury a ferromanganese, obtained in the blast fur-

Jan 1, 1878