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By Daniel Antonio Kapper Fabricio

Laboratórios realizam o ensaio para determinação da tenacidade à fratura KIC, mas para verificar a validade dos resultados, é importante que se estime a incerteza de medição do ensaio. O Guia para Expressão da Incerteza de Medição (GUM) apresenta um método reconhecido internacionalmente para se estimar a incerteza de ensaios quantitativos. O presente trabalho apresenta o desdobramento das etapas do GUM para o ensaio de KIC e a aplicação da planilha e do procedimento elaborados em um ensaio. Ao final, é realizada a análise crítica de quais fontes mais contribuíram para a incerteza de medição do ensaio executado.

Aug 8, 2018

By Aperam South America

Balanço Energético Global e Utilidades - 2013

Jul 31, 2018

By Tiago Salzmann Vilela

No mercado de arames galvanizados destinados a indústria é exigida a uniformidade da camada de zinco sobre o arame. Neste trabalho, foram estudados os efeitos da velocidade de galvanização na uniformidade e espessura da camada de Zinco total, bem como a morfologia das fases de Zn e Ferro-Zinco sobre o substrato metálico. Verificou-se também o efeito do aquecimento após o processo de galvanização, observando o crescimento da camada intermetálica. Finalmente, serão mostradas as principais características de processo obtidas para garantir o atendimento aos ensaios de qualificação, em um estudo de caso de arames galvanizados produzidos em unidade industrial da Gerdau.

Jul 30, 2018

By Kelly Cristina Ferreira

A presença do fósforo, em determinados teores, provoca a fragilização dos aços, sendo, portanto, um elemento restritivo ao aproveitamento de importantes recursos minerais. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a origem do fósforo em um concentrado de minério de ferro que apresenta teor de fósforo de 0,059%, superior ao recomendado para certas finalidades. Foi realizada uma investigação do modo de ocorrência do fósforo no minério utilizando-se as técnicas de microscopia ótica e microssonda eletrônica (análises semi-quantitativas e obtenção de espectros por EDS). Observou-se que apenas uma pequena quantidade de fósforo encontrase associada à hematita. A maior parcela de apatita representa uma mineralogia acessória.

Aug 16, 2017

By Thamyres Moura Lima

O presente trabalho, traz a analise eletroquímica, curvas de polarização,das ligas Ti-35Nb-xTa (x = 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5)Ta (% em peso) anodizadas, a um potencial de 20V e 1hora e sem anodizar , para verificar o aumento da resistência a corrosão dessas ligas. O meio ao qual os ensaios foram realizados foi o sfb ( fluido corpóreo simulado).Obtendo como resultado que as ligas anodizadas apresentam maior resistênciaa corrosão nesse meio. A liga sem adição de tântalo obteve menor densidade de corrente, assim tendo uma maior resistência a corrosão após anodizada o que não ocorre sem a anodização.

Oct 30, 2017

By John Anthony Vasquez

During the last years Riva Acciaio Verona has taken the decision to invest in the route of a fully automated meltshop. The aim is to reduce at the minimum the operator's intervention from the bucket preparation till the ladle transfer to the continuous casting bay. The foundation for achieving the goal is the introduction of innovative technological solutions (fully automated cranes for bucket charge in the EAF, robots for sampling, etc. The paper underlines how the different solutions are based on the best practices to improve operator's safety and describes the different steps of the project, the different solutions adopted and the results in terms of production, energy savings, cost reduction and improved safety. Details are presented for: scrap yard management and bucket preparation, EAFs centralized controls and related robots for auxiliary operations (sampling, EBT cleaning, scraper for slag door automation, complete mass & energy balance based on process control), LFs centralized controls and process integration.

Aug 16, 2017

By Abraão Santos Silvar

Reformadores primários são amplamente adotados em indústrias de fertilizantes. Nos tubos catalisadores que ficam localizados na zona de radiação ocorrem as reações que produzem o hidrogênio. Também nesta zona são localizados os tubos risers que levam os gases produzidos para o reformador secundário. A fluência é um dos principais mecanismos de danos que agem nestes tubos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os danos causados pela fluência em segmento de riser. Foi realizada análise dimensional, microdureza Vickers, ensaio de tração a quente e análise da fratura. Os resultados mostraram que a fluência foi o principal mecanismo de falha, sendo decorrência da exposição dos risers a temperaturas superiores a de projeto.

Aug 16, 2017

By Anivaldo Chevane, Leonardo Xerinda, Rogério Sendela, Andre Vilanculos

Moatize Coal Mine is located in Tete Province, in centre of Mozambique. The deposit contains Gondwana allochthonous coals, and has a large amount of mudstone and siltstone banding. Phosphorus levels in the coal can be high which impacts the use of the coals in steel making where phosphorus is considered a contaminant. The Chipanga seam in the Moatize deposit shows considerable variability, vertically within the seam and laterally across the deposit. The data available from the exploration work indicates that the phosphorus is predominantly present as Apatite but the Crandallite minerals also are significant. The concentration of phosphorus varies with coal particle density with the highest phosphorus levels found for the mid density coal which also shows the highest likely levels of apatite or fluorapatite. Crandallite minerals show higher potential concentrations in the Lower density coal..

Oct 3, 2019

By Richard Harvey, Robert Paul Mawer

In recent times there has been an increase in the demand from Steel plants for a technology that offers the most economical environmentally sustainable solution. In terms of blast furnace off gas cleaning this has seen a drive towards Cyclone technology replacing the older Dustcatchers. Cyclone technology can achieve dust removal efficiencies as high as 95% increasing the dust yield at the primary stage of gas cleaning. The dry dust (rich in Fe and C) can then be recycled to the Sinter Plant or Blast Furnace. Capture of dust at this stage also has the benefit that sludge generation from the secondary stage is also reduced meaning less waste to landfill and / or recovery of some of the by-products for further use. Primetals Technologies already offer a state of the art Tri-Axial Cyclone installed on many sites world-wide, however, this paper focuses on a hybrid of this technology, the DustClone. The DustClone is a low CAPEX unit that is essentially a Cyclone housed inside the Dustcatcher. This unit is aimed at operators who may be carrying out smaller scaled shutdowns / repairs that normally have a reduced CAPEX. This paper describes the technology that Primetals Technologies have developed.

Oct 1, 2019

By Flanelson Maciel Monteiro, Yago Lutz Castro Pinto, Marcondes Mendes de Souza, Mauro Froes Meyer

In Potiguar West, in the regions of Vale do Açú, Mossoró, and Chapada do Apodi there are limestone outcrops of about 20 thousand square kilometers (with a thickness ranging from 50 to 400 meters). Limestone is an essential raw material for the manufacture of agricultural products and especially for construction. The rock serves for various productions, among them is used for the production of cement, lime, fertilizers, even ornamental rocks. Thus highlighting the mineral potential in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as its use in the production of various products.

Oct 3, 2019

By Yong Tian, Tian Zhang, Zhao-Dong Wang

To meet the requirements of high-performance steel plates, while reducing manufacturing costs and saving energy, the advanced cooling system for plate mill (ADCOS-PM) with functions of accelerated cooling (ACC), ultra-fast cooling (UFC), and direct quenching (DQ) was researched and developed by the State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation (RAL). Since 2003, several sets of ADCOS-PM device were developed and implemented in industrial practice. To fully utilize the ADCOS-PM technology, the combination of various strengthening mechanisms was promoted by NG-TMCP technology and low-cost, high performance plates were produced such as pipeline steels, and high-strength construction machinery steel.

Oct 1, 2019

By Bruno Pinheiro Silva, João José dos Santos Carvalho, Flávio Túlio Busatto, Leonardo Passos Perdigão

Sinter has high participation in the blast furnaces ferrous burden in ArcelorMittal Tubarão, being therefore of paramount importance the constant control of its physical, chemical and metallurgical qualities, aiming at the fulfillment of the client required quality. With the great challenges faced by market conditions, steelmaking companies seek operational sustainability, aiming at stability and reducing costs. One of the main steps to obtain these results in the Blast Furnaces is the raw materials quality stabilization, in order to guarantee the perfect burden distribution control and a better use of the reductant gas inside the reactor, aiming a lower fuels consumption. It is known that the smaller a ferrous particle is, better its reducibility, since a larger surface area provides greater contact with the reductant agent. Based on this concept, the objective of this work is to quantify the effect of the sinter size produced in ArcelorMittal Tubarão Sinter Plant in its reducibility, and in this way enable the definition of a better sinter particle size distribution aiming at a balance between the permeability effects and gaseous yield in the Blast Furnaces. In addition, the reducibility effects on sinter size reduction were evaluated, where the 5 to 10 mm fraction was analyzed in two sinter samples, the first obtained from the conventional route and the second after crushing of the fraction over 50 mm, in order to simulate the effect of the use of a Secondary Crusher in Sintering.

Oct 1, 2019

By Walter Mazon, Marcello Rodrigues Cruz, Leandro Carvalhar Maciel

Filtration is the operation of liquid solid separation commonly applied in the mining industry. The use of filtering chemical agents is a technical solution viable for filtering optimization. The present work proposed to evaluate two filtering chemical agents (surfactants) to reduce the final moisture content of iron ore concentrate from Ferrous Resources. The leaf test top feed was done with the FLOTICOR FA 7241 and FLOTICOR FA 16557 products. The foaming profile of the filtrate was also evaluated, once excessive foaming is undesired when using this kind of products. The results showed a reduction in the final moisture of the filter cake. The product FLOTICOR FA 16557 achieved the best results, reducing final cake moisture from 10.4% to 9.8% at the dosagem of 25 g/t, besides presenting a fast kinetics in the foam drainage, presenting itself as a technical alternative for filtration optimization.

Oct 3, 2019

By Keli Vanessa Salvador Damin

O tratamento de austenitização é de fundamental importância para a qualidade do aço Hadfield, já que é o tratamento que garantirá a total austenitização do material. Dentre as variáveis que devem ser controladas estão à temperatura de tratamento e velocidade de resfriamento. O presente trabalho aborda um estudo de caso sobre o controle da temperatura dentro do forno de tratamento térmico bem como o comportamento da temperatura da água na piscina durante o resfriamento do material.

Aug 16, 2017

By Flanelson Maciel Monteiro, Marcondes Mendes de Souza, Mauro Froes Meyer

This research is based on a bibliographical review of a field work that was done in the municipality of Parelhas / RN. The area explored, in turn, is known for its richness of mineral resources that are present in pegmatitic rocks. The general objective of this research is to characterize the main properties of the pegmatites and quartzite, in order to verify the heterogeneity of the elements, to raise a possible viability of extraction for economic purposes. The quartzite also presents a siliceous chemical composition. This rock is a source of bricks and silica refractories used in the steel industry and for the preparation of the blast furnace bed, ornamental rock used in different ways (rustic, carved, polished, among others). However, this research resulted in preliminary data, but it would be interesting to be more detailed in order to evaluate the economic viability of these rocks.

Oct 3, 2019

By Jens Kempken

A competitive landscape pressurizes the steel producers business, zero defect requirements from customers forces the operators for additional efforts in process control and quality management. The so called quality related cost, which include also rework, cost for downgrading or even scabbing of material is already a remarkable lever in a plants profitability breakdown. The introduction of advanced state of the art grades in the product portfolio requires already a budgeting for the expenses for R&D and quality management. PQA has been developed as a process and quality management software solution next to existing level 2 or level 3 automation systems. It is focusing on the analysis of process data, equipment information, in line quality measurement devices and trend analysis to obtain an answer whether the process is according to definition and expectation and whether the intermediate or final product can be shipped for further processing as prime material. Advanced analytics which are linked to an expert know how based configuration identifies deficiencies in the production and processing process. An intelligent, state of the art quality rating system evaluates tolerable deviations. PQA comprises the software platform including the database, data configurator and collector from the different sources in the production process and units. The core element of the platform is the knowledge based expert know how package defining process and quality determining fundamentals. The paper describes the structure of the software package, it gives insights on the expert know how package, process and quality evaluation and points out the customer benefits, cost reduction, improvement yield, customer satisfaction increase. The link to recent operational references is given.

Oct 30, 2017

By Raphael Calazans Cardoso

Os procedimentos de dimensionamento de juntas parafusadas devem corresponder adequadamente às condições impostas na prática, para garantir projetos de alta confiabilidade. Por isso, este estudo tem o objetivo de evoluir na compreensão do comportamento mecânico de juntas parafusadas submetidas à carga axial externa. Para tal foram realizadas simulações numéricas variando a pré-carga de aperto, o comprimento do parafuso, o atrito entre os componentes, a posição de aplicação da carga externa e os materiais dos membros apertados, de modo a verificar a parcela da carga externa transferida ao parafuso. Todos os fatores analisados alteram o comportamento mecânico da junta, exceto o atrito entre os componentes. A transmissão da carga ao parafuso se comporta de maneira não-linear pelo aumento da carga externa. Além disso, existe um patamar de carga externa abaixo do qual não há transferência de carga ao parafuso.

Oct 30, 2017

By Florian Markus Penz

The increase in Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) plants in steelmaking has given rise to renewed interest in a dynamic simulation of the BOF process. Material and process costs can be saved with optimized process times and targeted charging of scrap and slag formers. Beside hot metal, scrap is the main source of iron in the BOF process. Furthermore, scrap is used as a coolant during the process due to exothermal chemical reactions occurring in the BOF. In this paper, the melting and dissolution behaviour of scrap in the BOF process is discussed. A new dynamic thermodynamic and kinetic Matlab® model used to simulate scrap melting behaviour as a function of various scrap surface parameters and particle size is presented, as well as the influence of scrap properties on liquid bath temperature and final crude steel composition after a defined blowing period.

Oct 30, 2017

By Thiago dos Santos Durães

Consiste em apresentar o trabalho realizado de Substituição de Medidor de Vazão Pitot de Média por Tecnologia Ultrassônica Tempo de Trânsito na Medição de Vazão de Gás de Alto Forno, sua performance de funcionamento e principais vantagens de utilização na medição de vazão deste Gás Siderúrgico.

Aug 16, 2017

By Sebastien Flament

More and more Hot Strip Mills are facing defects on their products that lead to a rejection of complete product batches by their customers. Several of those defects are induced by excessive work roll degradation. This paper is focussed on the understanding of work roll corrosion and oxidation mechanisms in a hot strip mill. Several laboratory trials (Hot rolling simulator, cyclic oxidation) have highlighted important factors influencing corrosion of work rolls as well as helping the understandings of oxidation of a work roll in the roll bite and along the roll circumference in a stand. The attention is focussed on several elements present in water used in HSM for direct roll cooling (e.g. chloride, bactericides, sulphates, phosphates) and their effect on roll surface degradation. The second part of this paper is focused on the understanding of work roll oxidation along the roll circumference. The effects of roll composition, roll temperature, water composition and water temperature have been studied in order to understand the oxidation/corrosion mechanisms in a HSM.

Aug 16, 2017