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By Frank C. Greene

The wildcatting in northern and northwestern Missouri, which started in 1939, was continued in 1940. Two new gas fields were found and one discovered in 1939 was further extended. The total number of completions was 94, of which 5 were oil wells with about 48 bbl. initial production, 30 were gas wells with an initial open-flow capacity of 37,655,000 cu. ft., and 59 were dry holes. The outstanding discovery was the Polo gas field, T. 55 N., R. 28 and 29 W., in Caldwell County. A sand now believed to be a lens in the Bandera shale at a depth of 400 ft. yielded flows of more than 12,000,-000 cu. ft. In all, I0 wells with 31,490,000 cu. ft. of gas, were drilled. The rock pres-sure is 80 lb. At present no arrangements for an outlet have been made. In Platte County, the Prairie Point gas pool in sec. 7, T. 51 N., R. 33 W., and sec. 12, T. 51 N., R. 34 W., and the Lake-side pool in sees. 5 and 6, T. 50 N., R. 33 W., were further developed, and in the latter both oil and gas have been found, but data are not available for publication at this time. Drilling for gas continued in proven areas in Clay County, and for both oil and gas in proven areas in Jackson and Cass Counties. Table 1 summarizes the results of drilling in Missouri in 1940.

Jan 1, 1941

By B. E. Fernow

In order to ascertain to what extent the mining industry has been dependent upon forest-supplies, for the purpose of a report upon

Jan 1, 1889

By William P. Blake

In my short " Contribution to the Early History of the Industry of Phosphate of Lime in the United States,"* mention is made of the erection by Dr. Emmons and myself of a magnetic machine for the removal of iron-ore from the so-called "red sand," a granular form of apatite. At the time of writing, it was not possible to refer to my diary and notes, and the general statements were made from recollection. The subject seems to have special interest at this time, by reason of the many forms of machines now being introduced and patented for similar purposes; and, having received letters of in quiry for further details, I have availed myself of the opportunity, when recently at home for a few days, to refer to the original notes and records made by me in 1852, when living at Crown Point and Moriah, on Lake Champlain. The machine mentioned in my former communication mas pur chased of Ransom Cook, of Vermont. It arrived, and was un loaded from the boat and taken part way up to the nine, on October 18,1852. The weight was 1400 pounds and the cost $1200. It was constructed, not with permanent magnets but with electro-mag nets. It was set up and first turned by hand on October 28th, using twelve battery-cups or cells, the connections being made with wires in small cups of quicksilver. The magnets were not sufficiently strong, and the machine did not work well. More batteries were sent for, arid the machine was started with steam-power on Novem ber 6th. The ore was dried in kilns, then put through a coffee-mill crusher or grinder, and then fed upon the leather belt which carried it under the magnets. Many experimental runs were made, and some diffi culties were overcome, before December 21st, when the record states that the machine was working pretty well, using 24 cells and giving a product of from 3 to 5 tons a day of granular phosphate. The ori-

Jan 1, 1893

By Richard H. Willey

Efficient handling of large tonnages in open-pit mining demands, primarily, an abundance of well fragmented rock. To accomplish this, a drilling and blasting department composed of a well-knit, versatile group of workers and supervisors must be established. Some costs will remain relatively on the same level over a period of years, while others can be greatly lowered as will be shown. 'The Utah Copper Division, Kennecott Copper Corp., Bingham Canyon, Utah, has been ever alert for improvements in operating methods and equipment to gain increased efficiency and lower costs. Bingham Canyon MIne The greatest dimension of the mine is 8000 ft northeast-southwest with a width of 5000 ft southeast-northwest. From the lowest level, at an elevation of 6040 ft above sea-level, the mountain rises in 27 benches on the west side to W level (elevation 7800 ft) and 21 benches on the east side to Q level (elevation 7460 ft). At the inception of open-pit mining in 1906, the overcapping of leached porphyry had to be removed to reach a commercial grade of sulphide ore. The overcapping or waste now remaining is quartzite with intercalated limestone beds. The limestones are usually soft in nature except in the south-middle portion of the mine where they have been meta-morphized along the contact zone. This area usually gives drilling and blasting operations a great deal of trouble. Here occurs the greatest amount of secondary blasting, as the well-established fracture planes cause the altered beds to break into large boulders. Several massive quartzite "ribs" occur in the overburden, and as a result, the uniform breakage is difficult to obtain. The major quartzite areas have been subjected to complex folding, fracturing and faulting because of the intrusion of the underlying stock. The monzonite porphyry, which carries the commercial values, presents no serious drilling problem because of its softness and extensive minute fracturing throughout the mass. A series of major slips or faults pass through the ore body which, although of considerable advantage to the drilling and blasting department, sometimes works to the disadvantage of the track department. Drilling an11 blasting of the porphyry apparently becomes easier as depth is attained. but highly siliceous streaks throughout the pit still present difficulties. At no place is the rock of such character as to allow excavation without preparations. On certain higher elevations or levels, old fill material can be dug by the shovels, but only at some risk to equipment because of bank slippage. Past Methods At the outset of shovel operations in 1906, drilling was done with the Ingersoll-Rand F-24 piston drill mounted on an un-

Jan 1, 1949

By Victor Homerberg

A STUDY of the correlation of the mechanical properties, and of the microstructure with the heat treatment of 60-40 brass has been confined, heretofore, to the rolled or extruded material as received from the manufacturer. The results obtained by Babson and Buhler,1 Bengough and Hudson,2 Stead and Stedman,3 and Brayton4 have been confined to the treatment of the material as received. No attempt was made to get the material into a given condition and then to work from this basis. To start with a given structure would have the decided advantage of making the work independent of the original condition, hence, to make the results reproduceable. In a previous paper, it was shown, in connection with the study of the transformation that occurs at about 470° C., that if specimens were quenched to produce the beta structure and then reheated, the beta would begin to break down, at approximately 200° C., into a very finely divided alpha. It was predicted that important results might be obtained if test pieces were to be given a similar double heat treatment and then tested for the mechanical properties as well as a study of the microstructure. The material used in the present investigation was a ¾ -in. round bar of extruded muntz metal of the following composition: Copper, 61.05 per cent.; zinc (by difference), 38.90 per cent.; lead, 0.05 per cent.; iron, trace; tin, nil.

Jan 3, 1924

By C. P. Williams

THE lead-bearing area of Missouri has been subdivided, geographically, into the Southeastern, the Central, and the Southwestern

Jan 1, 1877

By G. M. Roberts

During the six years that the writer was connected, as chemist and chief assayer, with the Proprietary Mines, Broken Hill, N. S. W., several interesting experiments were made in the sampling of the silver-lead bullion obtained from the waterjacket smelting-furnace.

Jan 1, 1899

NORTH AMERICA Number of Members Page States of the United States Alabama 138 376 Arizona 304 376 Arkansas 41 377 California 1,484 378 Colorado 354 383 Connecticut 149 385 Delaware 33 385 District of Columbia 288 386 Florida 57 387 Georgia 21 387 Idaho 130 387 Illinois 565 388 Indiana 153 390 Iowa 11 390

Jan 1, 1952

By Thomas Kesler

THE Cartersville mining district, 35 miles northwest of Atlanta, Ga., has been of varying but continuous importance in the southern mineral industry during the past century. Noted chiefly for its production of brown iron ore, manganese oxide ores, barite, sienna, and magnesian limestone, the district and its environs have produced brick and tile clays, slate, gold, bauxite, and graphitic schist. Minor deposits of serpentine, sericite schist, copper ore, and red iron oxide have been prospected. The obvious deposits of brown iron ore, together with some associated specular hematite, were mined out years ago, although a little ore was left in the workings. Moderately steady production of sienna reached a peak about 1930, then declined rapidly. Manganese mining passed through a relatively active period from the World War to 1931, but has subsided to a small but rather constant output for the Birmingham market. How-ever, the White Manganese Corporation has prepared for possible increased production by constructing a new washer capable of handling about 300 tons of ore per day. Principal activity in the district proper has centered for some years in the production of barite and magne-sian limestone.

Jan 1, 1940

By Titus Ulke

About two years ago, in making an examination of the Etta mine for the Harney Peak Tin Co., I discovered, in a vertical secondary quartz-vein in the granite massive of Etta mountain, the mineral about to be described. The vein was from a few inches to 3 feet wide, and was exposed for a length of about 15 feet. It was

Jan 1, 1893

By J. Bruce Wagner, Roger L. Levin

Lattice-parameter measurements have been carrzed out at room temperature on undoped and on chromium-doped wustite as a function of oxygen concentration. Results may he expressed by for the undoped uustite. These data are in agreement with and extend the work of' Jette and Foole. The present results are consistent with the cation vacancy model. for metal- deficil wuslite, both undopen and doped. SEVERAL investigators have made room-temperature lattice-parameter measurements on wustite as a function of composition. Jette and Foote used these measurements to determine the phase limits of wustite. Willis and Rooksby and Benard have also measured the lattice parameters of wustite at room temperature, but their values of a. vary considerably from those of Jette and Foote. In conjunction with Studies' on the transition from surface-controlled heterogeneous reactions involving CO-C02 oxidation of metals, lattice-parameter measurements on undoped and chromium-doped wiistite have been performed. These studies are especially needed to clarify conflicting data of previous authors, to extend the data to the stability limits of wiistite as determined by Darken and urr,6 which include a larger range of existence than that found by Jette and Foote, and to test by X-ray means the role of chromium as a vacancy producer in wiistite.

Jan 1, 1967

By L. F. Tedsen, A. E. Flanigan, J. E. Dorn

SINCE aluminum-alloy sheet may be used occasionally at moderately elevated temperatures, the effects of temperature en the mechanical properties are of interest. Recently the short-time tensile properties of several high-strength materials have been studied at temperatures up to 375°F. This paper deals with stress-rupture and [ ] creep properties at the same temperatures. The work was done at the University of California as a portion of the project NRC-548. It was financed by the War Production Board and was supervised by the Office of Production Research and Development. This paper has been released for publication by the latter agency. The following materials were studied, all in the form of 0.040-in. sheet: Alclad 24S-T Alclad 24S-T8I Alclad 24S-T86 Alclad 75S-T R301-T (clad) [ ] Specimens were loaded in tension in the cross-grain direction. Testing temperatures included 94°F., 211°F., 300°F., and 375°F. Stress levels were selected to cause rupture in times ranging from several minutes to boo hr. In each test the following data were obtained: (I) fracture time, (2) elongation at fracture, (3) the complete strain-versus-time curve (creep curve), (4) creep rate (defined in a later section). MATERIALS Materials for specimens were obtained from the manufacturers' commercial

Jan 1, 1946

By AIME AIME

SHORTLY after graduation from Girard College, Francis B. Foley found employment in the open-hearth department of The Midvale Steel Co. later joining its research department. After twelve years with Midvale he became a professor in the department of metallography of the University of Minnesota. With the coming of the World War, he was called upon by the War Materials Investigation Committee to work on the manganese problem. In 1918, he took charge of the iron and steel division of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, at Pittsburgh, and. after a year of co-operative study of carbon steels with the late Henry M. Howe, was assigned to the Bureau's stations at Minne-

Jan 1, 1937

By S. Leber

Pole figures and pole distributions were used for the quantitative detevinination of the preferred orientations in swaged tungsten rods and the effect of subsequent wire drawing on the texture. In the swaged rod, the preferred orientation could best be described as a pseudo (111-112) [110] cylindrical texture. A secondary component was assigned the indices (110) [001]. Further reduction by swaging retained these cylindrical textures. Wire drawing caused lattice rotations about the wire axis, converting the cylindrical texture into a normal fiber texture. The conversion was initiated and proceeded lnost rapidly in the center of the wire. The (110) /001] component was converted into a (110) fiber texture by wire drawing. The effective rotations were about axes contained in the lransverse plane. The preferred orientation associated with tungsten wire usually has been assumed to consist of a (110) fiber texture. This implies rotational randomness around the wire axis. Leber1 has shown that rotation about the wire axis may be restricted resulting in a preferred orientation designated as a cylindrical texture. Specific crystal planes tended to remain aligned parallel to the wire surface. This texture seemed to be the result of the swaging operation used in the intermediate stages of fabrication. Bhandary and cullity2 detected similar textures in swaged iron wires. Peck and Thomas3 suggested that the preferential alignment of crystal planes parallel to the wire surface was the result of tangential flow, characteristic of swaging. Wire drawing, following swaging, twisted the crystals about axes parallel to the wire axis, converting the cylindrical texture into a normal fiber texture.4 In this investigation, quantitative techniques were used to more accurately characterize the cylindrical texture and to study its conversion into a normal fiber texture. PROCEDURE The material investigated was lamp-quality tungsten. Three ingots were rod-rolled and swaged to 112 mils diameter, and were then drawn to 10-mil wire. Samples were obtained after each drawing pass. (110) and (200) pole figures were obtained from samples prepared as shown in Fig. 1. To form the sample shown in Fig. l(a), l-in. lengths of wire were glued side by side to form a l-in. square. The composite was ground and electropolished to form a diametral reference surface. For certain specific tests, samples were prepared as shown in Fig. l(b). This composite was made from 10-mil-thick strips prepared by grinding on parallel longitudinal planes. The polished reference surface in this case was, in essence, the wire surface. The two forms of samples [~igs. l(a) and l(b)] were related by a 90-deg rotation around the wire axis. Because of ease in preparation, most data was obtained from the diametral samples. The X-ray data were obtained using a Siemen's pole-figure goniometer. These data were not corrected for absorption or defocusing effects, since only the angular locations of the intensity maxima were of interest. Regions of the pole figure more than 80 deg from the center were not investigated. Partial monochromatization was achieved by the use of unfiltered copper radiation and a krypton-filled proportional counter. No evidence of spurious white radiation effects5 could be detected. Therefore, more elaborate X-ray techniques were not required. Intensity levels were chosen to show all pertinent details of the orientation distributions. The reference plane for the pole figures was the diametral section. The orthogonal reference directions, shown in Fig. 1, were the wire axis, the radial axis per-

Jan 1, 1965

By P. Shahinian, M. R. Achter

P. Shahinian and M. R. Achter (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory)—We should like to point out another instance where concentration of impurities in grain boundaries led to an embrittlement. In this case an impure nickel (99.8 pct) developed many more in-tergranular cracks during creep in a nitrogen atmosphere than in vacuum.5 In comparison high-purity nickel (99.99 pct) exhibited a much smaller atmosphere effect. We concluded that the interartion of the nitrogen with nitride-forming impurities concentrated at grain boundaries promoted inter-granular cracking.

Jan 1, 1965

Jan 1, 1966

Jan 1, 1966

Jan 1, 1969