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1.Overview of the Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (MEMPR) 2.First Nations Perspective 3.Revenue Sharing Framework 4.Economic and Community Development Agreements (ECDA?s ) 5.Questions? The Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (MEMPR) MEMPR manages the responsible development of British Columbia?s energy, mining and petroleum resource sectors. Through the promotion of teamwork and positive working relationships with our clients, MEMPR facilitates a climate for thriving, safe, environmentally responsible and competitive energy, mining and petroleum resource sectors. Works closely with others in Government (e.g.. Integrated Land Management Bureau) to engage First Nations in consultation processes as well as revenue sharing negotiations.

May 1, 2010

By S. H. Seyedein

A mathematical model was developed to study fluid flow and solidification in a single-roll casting system. Fluid flow coupled with energy equations were solved numerically using a finite volume method. A body-fitted coordinate transformation technique was adopted to handle the irregularly shaped domain. In order to couple the continuity and momentum equations, a SIMPLEC algorithm was used. A fixed-grid enthalpy method was considered to model the solidification in the system. The turbulence effect on flow field was modeled using a low-Re k-e model The model developed in this work was further run under various conditions to optimize the operating parameters of the process.

Jan 1, 2004

By I. Southern, S. Kelebek

"Smelting furnace bricks contain significant quantity of base metals trapped in refractory material. A series of flotation tests were carried out on samples of old bricks from Sudbury area to examine upgrading behaviour for recycling purposes. Depending on the grind size used nickel recoveries varied from 60 to 90.6% with corresponding grades of 20% and 14.7%Ni. There is a trade-off between nickel and copper. The nickel has responded well to fine grinding, however, the copper recovery suffered from it. Mineralogical characteristics and flotation behaviour of the brick material are discussed in reference to those from the primary ore. INTRODUCTIONMineral processing is well recognized as a mature technology not only for the mining industry, but also for the environmental industry for the purpose of remediation and recycling. Materials available for recycling are usually the products of many years ago. There are multiple stake holders in this area. In general, when the processing results in a product that can be reused or sold, the company carrying out the remediation makes a profit, while the regulators and the public are pleased due to a cleaner environment. From these points of view, there have been many papers published over the years on various mineral processing techniques applied to separation of many different materials including from mining and metallurgical industries (Wilson et al., 1994; Tsunekawa et al., 2005; Saikia et al., 2012).Flotation may be viewed as the backbone of the mining and metallurgical industry since its invention for separation of solids from one another almost a century ago. It is capable of recovering a variety of finely divided different solids following their liberation from each other. Its versatility and highly competitive nature in terms of cost per tonne of material processed, accounts for its occasional uses in the environment engineering area. In the mining industry, flotation is the standard method used for the sulphide ores. It can be applied as a bulk flotation and/or differential flotation. Bulk flotation, which refers to co-flotation of several components from their source, is most suitable for environmental cleanup objectives. Desulphurisation of various plant tailings is a typical example of this (Benzazzoua et al., 2000)."

Jan 1, 2012

By Chantale Doucet

L?utilisation du remblai en pâte dans les exploitations en vrac est de plus en plus importante. Puisque la technologie existe pour fabriquer du remblai en pâte sans construire une usine coûteuse, il est maintenant possible d?élargir le domaine d?utilisation du remblai en pâte pour y inclure des gisements filoniens où le besoin annuel de remblai est moindre. Dans certains cas, l?utilisation du remblai en pâte pourrait permettre de réaliser d?importantes économies telles que la réduction de la dilution, la stabilité des ouvertures, la récupération d?une plus grande partie du minerai par la réduction de la taille des piliers et l?entreposage de moins de résidus à la surface. L?ampleur des économies est parfois difficile à chiffrer mais il est tout de même important d?en tenir compte lors de la décision d?utiliser du remblai en pâte puisque ce sont souvent ces économies qui seront déterminantes. Différentes méthodes d?extraction avec remblai en pâte appliquées aux mines filoniennes seront présentées. Des défis et les solutions reliés à l?utilisation du remblai en pâte à la Mine Doyon seront discutés.

Oct 1, 2001

By S. Koppalkar

ABSTRACT: The development and evolution of the gravity recoverable gold (GrG) test procedure at McGill university is reviewed in this paper. Since the late 1980s, the research group led by the late Professor André Robert Laplante at McGill university has undertaken fundamental studies and applied research of the Knelson concentrator to develop a sustainable method of estimating GrG. Historically, a concept of “free gold” was used, and it was de?ned as the gold that could be separated and recovered from gold ore by amalgamation. Due to health and safety hazards, the practical use of amalgamation has declined. around 1994, a methodology using a 3-in Knelson concentrator to measure gravity recoverable gold was established at McGill university. as a result of more than 10 years of improvement and optimization, this technique has become a standard method of evaluating GrG for gold ores, gold plant streams and platinum group metals. By 2006, about 200 GrG tests were carried out at McGill universityon ores from all over the world. recently, a modi?ed version of the GrG test (a simpli?ed test) was developed to provide a quick and rough estimate of the GrG in a sample; this simpli?ed test has theadvantage of reduced mass, processing time and cost. to recognize and honour the contributions madeby the late Professor Laplante towards the establishment of a standard test procedure for assessing gravity recovery potential, the authors propose that the GrG test be named after Laplante.

Jan 1, 2010

By A. J. Brown

This paper presents an economic evaluation of resin ion exchange and solvent extraction for the purification and concentration of uraniferous solutions derived from sulphuric acid leaching operations. Capital and operating costs are related to the uranium tenors of pregnant solutions. The conclusions drawn herein apply only to cases where resin and liquid ion exchange are technically feasible process alternatives. It is shown that solvent extraction is economically favoured for pregnant solutions at tenors greater than 0.90 gpl U3O8. Pregnant solutions with tenors below 0.35 gpl U3O8 are best treated by resin ion exchange. Between these concentrations, the economics are marginal and the favoured process is indistinguishable within the limits of accuracy of this study.

Jan 1, 1979

By R. A. McGuire

THE recorded production of the Sheep Creek camp from 1900, when the Yellowstone Mining Company first put its mill into operation, to the present day is in excess of $17,500,000. Of this total, $2,500,000 can be attributed to the early period from 1900 to 1916, at which time increased costs of labour and material due to the Great War forced abandonment of any operations on a large scale for a number of years. Since the camp was revived in 1929, at which time the Reno mine started large-scale operations, and the early 'thirties', when the increased price of gold induced the commencement of operations on other properties in the district, total gross production has been in excess of $15,000,000. In addition to the above totals, intermittent shipments were made by lessees and small operators, principally during the period of inactivity from 1916 to 1929, but no records of this production are available. The Sheep Creek camp would rank fifth in the Province-behind Rossland, Portland Canal, Bridge River, and Hedley-in gross gold production, but, because of relatively inexpensive mining and milling costs, would occupy a more prominent position in regard to total dividends paid. Operating mines at the present time include Reno Gold Mines, Gold Belt Mining Company, Kootenay Belle Gold Mines, and Sheep Creek Gold Mines. Each one of these companies, with the exception of Kootenay Belle, represents a consolidation of several smaller properties, all of which were in existence for a number of years prior to 1929. These four companies, at the present time, own, or hold options on, practically all the important claims in the district with the exception of a very few claims and fractions still held by private owners.

Jan 1, 1942

By Tadeusz W. Wlodek

THE known phenomenon that a test-piece of ferro-magnetic steel is magnetic after it has been broken in tension indicates that, while it is being loaded, the steel acquires magnetic properties. In the present investigation of the influence of the stress on the magnetic flux, repeated pulsating stresses of increasing amplitude, varying from zero to the maximum tensile value, i.e., pull-pull loading, were employed. The specimens were prepared from two types of carbon steel and two of alloy steel. The magnitude of the magnetic flux was determined indirectly. The voltage and mode of variation of the electromotive force induced in a coil surrounding the stressed steel specimen were measured as an indication of the varying magnetic flux within the specimen. Curves representing the electromotive force induced by the varying magnetic flux show that as the tensile load increased so also the magnetic flux increased, with a corresponding increase in measured e.m.f. At a certain stress there is a sharp bend in the voltage curve (point Win the diagram, Figure 5); this critical stress corresponds very closely with the yield stress (0.2 per cent permanent strain). Beyond this point, slight increases in the stress produce large increases in the voltage. The wave form of the e.m.f. was registered on an oscillograph. Analysis of the curves so obtained demonstrated the necessity of continuing these experiments, in order to determine the type of induced wave form associated with various types and amplitudes of stresses. In these experiments, the shape of the stress wave was sinusoidal, although the shape of the induced e.m.f. was sinusoidal only up to a certain load and became more and more complex above this load.

Jan 1, 1944

By L. Rao, P. Carabin

"Advances in thermal plasma torches have resulted in this technology becoming a commercially viable solution for chemical and metallurgical processes. The main advantages of plasma are its ability to control process chemistry and to build small footprint reactors due to its high energy density and reactivity of the free radicals that are produced. This paper focuses on thermal plasmas produced by DC torches and their applications for waste treatment, production of high purity metals, and nanomaterials. Both transferred and non-transferred torches have been used as either a source of heat or as a reagent in various industrial processes. INTRODUCTIONPlasma technology has become an ideal solution for many industrial chemical, metallurgical and mechanical processes (Venkataramani, 2002). Thermal plasma powered systems are typical used for their unique characteristics such as high energy densities, high temperatures, small installation sizes, rapid startup and shutdown features, controlled process chemistry and use of electrical energy as a heating source resulting in decoupling the heat source from the oxygen flow rate (Heberlein et al., 2007). Depending on the nature of the main plasma forming gas used, thermal plasma systems offer a high temperature heating source coupled with a highly reactive plasma plume rich in free radicals and ions which promote otherwise hard to drive chemical reactions, as well as high heat transfer rates.Industrial plasmas can be broadly classified as thermal plasmas and non thermal plasmas. Thermal plasmas are atmospheric pressure plasmas characterized by local thermodynamic equilibrium (Boulos et al., 1994). Thermal plasmas are typically established between any two current conducting electrodes separated by an insulator. A plasma forming gas is blown between the two conducting electrodes resulting in a high temperature plasma plume. A plasma torch generates and maintains an electrically conducting gas column between the two electrodes; a cathode (negative electrode) and an anode (positive electrode) (Camacho, 1988). If both electrodes are housed in a single housing, resulting in an arc enclosed inside the plasma torch, then such plasma generating torches are termed as non-transferred (NT) plasma torches, whereas, if the second electrode is external to the torch, creating an arc transferred between the cathode and the working piece, then such plasma torches are termed as transferred (T) plasma torches. Depending on the source of the electricity which can be either direct current (DC), alternating current (AC) at main network frequency or at radio frequency (RF), the plasma torches are classified as DC, AC or RF plasma torches (Venkataramani, 2002)."

Jan 1, 2012

By Manish Kumar Jain

The mineral industry in India is an important contributor to the country?s GDP and foreign trade, and also a significant source of employment generation. The industry is distributed almost all across the country and has operations in some of the remotest areas, where it has also served as a sole source of infrastructure development. India produces 89 minerals, out of which four are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and 22 minor minerals. The mining leases are occupying about 0.21% of the total land mass of the country. Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines (approx 3000 mines). Appropriate systems have been put in place to ensure sustainable growth of the sector, which include formulation of procedures for scientific prospecting and mining and development of a mechanism of prior environmental and forest clearances for mining projects. Main emphasis is to protect the health and safety of mine workers, as well as to safeguard the interests of indigenous people through rehabilitation and resettlement packages. Efforts are under way to mainstream the artisanal and small-scale mining sector in order to promote equity in the mining industry. The issue of scientific closure and reclamation of the abandoned mine sites poses a major challenge. Present paper illustrated several initiatives have been taken in this direction along with case studies, which could be replicated in other parts of the country.

Aug 1, 2013

By Heather Budney

Objectives 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of ON?s EA processes using criteria from the EA and policy sciences literature. 2. Recommend improvements to the EA processes and draw lessons from the ON case for the consideration of other jurisdictions. Evaluation Process 1. Chose criteria ? 14 primary criteria (Wood 2003) ? Subcriteria from Wood (2003) and Lasswell (1971) 2. Gathered information ? 6 key informant interviews ? Published literature, policies, legislation 3. Assessed criteria and formed Recommendations

May 1, 2008

By Kevin C. Milne

"The solution of problems associated with development of a sour gas reserve will be of increasing importance in tl1e next few years if gas export is approved •by the National Energy Board. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the history of the Carstairs gas field, and tCI describe in a general manner the reservoir, and the producing and processing facilities.HISTORYThe Carstairs gas field was discovered in April 1958 when the discovery well, Home Carstairs 10-17, was successfully completed as a gas well in the Elkton member of the Turner Valley formation. Geo-graphic location of the field is shown in Figure No. 1. Note that the field is about five miles west of the town of Carstairs, Alberta, which in turn is about 40 miles north of Calgary. Drilling subsequent to the discovery well resulted in three addition-al producing wells and one dry hole during I.958; two producing wells during 1959; and one producing well and one dry hole during 1960. Thus, seven producing wells and two dry holes have been drilled in the Carstairs field to date.In November 1959 a 12-section block in the Carstairs field was unitized on a surface acre basis. Mean-while, in June 1959, operators in the field executed an ""Interim Plant Agreement"" that provided the money needed to start construction of a joint venture processing plant and gathering system. Construction of the plant and gathering system was completed in February 1960."

Jan 1, 1960

By G. Wang, L. R. Moore, Y. Xiong, A. Gorken

"Mining is a very water intensive industry. As such, the industry has become dependent on applying alternate sources in efforts to minimize the impact on the locally available fresh water. Sources such as recycled water, sea water, and even acid mine drainage have been applied at some limited applications, while other mines may not even have the option of fresh water available in their region. However, the different sources of water will have varying concentrations and types of soluble salts and suspended solids, which can lead to dramatic differences in mineral processing when comparing these types of waters. Water quality is known to affect bubble generation and strength, mineral surface charge, and even reagent coordination properties. This paper focuses on the exploration of how water quality and soluble salts affect the flotation of iron and titanium containing minerals from feldspar, and the design of flotation collectors for optimal performance in this water.INTRODUCTIONFeldspar is defined as a tectosilicate mineral with the generic structure of MAlxSixO8, where M represents the cation (Celik, 2001). Feldspar is most often found naturally occurring with quartz, iron containing minerals (i.e mica), and titanium containing minerals (i.e. rutile). The alumina component of feldspar is of interest to glass making, while the alkali metal component is of interest to ceramics (Vidyadhar, 2002). In glass making, the alumina is known to improve product hardness, durability, and resistance to chemical corrosion. In ceramics, the alkalis act as a flux; a flux lowers the melting temperature of the mineral mixture, and assists in connecting the other components present in ceramics. Quartz is stated as having a negative effect on the melting point of the feldspar. Although quartz is typically not removed during the feldspar applications in the glass industry, it needs to be reduced for the ceramics industry. Iron and titanium based minerals are known to have negative effects on color and quality of the products in both glass and ceramics. Thus, these “contaminants” must be reduced to a certain product specification via feldspar beneficiation (Table 1)."

Jan 1, 2016

"Yara Siilinjärvi in Finland is the Western Europe's only apatite mine. Annually it produces one million tons of apatite concentrate, which creates 10 million tons of tailings. At the beginning of 2017, Yara replaced their conventional TSF with a new tailings treatment plant, which increased the solids content of the slurry from 45–48% to 66–68%, making it possible to deposit as a paste. This extended the life-span of the current TSF from 2020 to 2035. This paper presents the storyline of the Yara paste plant project. The project began with laboratory testing and then progressed to pilot-scale thickening and beaching trials. After successful pilot trials, the final process design was implemented. Process automation played a key role in the project. An advanced control system is needed to maintain process stability and the desired operation point in various operational circumstances. Since commissioning the paste plant has been running consistently with an underflow solids content of 66-68%, with average beach slope angles of 3.5 degrees in the tailings disposal area. Robust thickener operation also leads to the trouble-free high-density pumping and high availability of the plan. During first year of operation the plant’s availability has been very good, over 97%, and currently, the plant is operated remotely from the main concentrator plant.INTRODUCTION The Yara Siilinjärvi Plant is owned by Yara International, a Norwegian fertiliser company. Yara Siilinjärvi is Western Europe's only apatite mine, and it primarily produces apatite concentrate for its Siilinjärvi phosphoric acid plant. A portion of the concentrate is also dried and shipped to other Yara fertiliser plants. The site annually produces one million tons of apatite concentrate, which creates approximately 10 million tons of tailings. Extending the lifespan of the 1150-hectare tailings storage facility has been studied in Siilinjärvi for a long time. The aim has been to use the same tailings area footprint, without any new land purchases or major dam increases. An important part of the process has been to study the possibilities for using new technologies, especially thickened tailings technology (Ruhanen, 2014)."

Jan 1, 2019

By Brendan Parker, Tyron Rees, Steven Hart, Abba Manesh, Ian Mcgaffin

"In September 2009, Newmont began the commissioning of a 3 stage crushing and milling circuit at its Boddington Gold Operation in Western Australia. The Boddington ore has been recognized as one of the hardest and most abrasive ores treated to date and this played a pivotal role in the selection of crushing and HPGR technology for this operation as opposed to the more conventional SABC circuit.This paper will examine the scale up from laboratory to pilot plant and full scale operation of the crushing circuit. There have been many challenges to overcome in the first 18 months of operation; however, the HPGRs have in general met design expectations and performance is expected to improve further with ongoing design changes"

Jan 1, 2012

By M. Fan, H. E. Wyslouzil, J. Kohmeunch

Eriez HydroFloat(TM) separators and Canadian Process Technologies (CPT) flotation columns have been developed to overcome the limitations of traditional flotation cells in recovering coarse and fine particles, respectively. The flotation column can effectively separate 30-5 µm phosphate. Several industrial-scale HydroFloat separators have been installed in phosphate and potash beneficiation plants. Industrial-scale ultra-coarse (+850 µm) phosphate separation results suggest that a more-than 40% BonePhosphate- of-Lime (BPL) recovery increase and a 37% collector consumption reduction can be achieved. The paper describes the applications of Eriez HydroFloat separators to coarse particle separation and the CPT flotation column to fine/ultrafine particle flotation.

Jan 1, 2009

By W. J. D. Stone

"For several years, the existence of a deposit of barite (BaS04) near Brookfield, Nova Scotia, has been known. A very large deposit of strontium (SrS04) near Sydney, Cape Breton, is a more recent discovery. Cape Chemical Syndicate has been formed to work the deposits. A five-million-dollar integrated mineral processing and chemical plant is planned for Sydney to produce various compounds of barium and strontium. The mineral processing plant includes the Jones Wet Magnetic Separator and will produce high-purity barite and celestite. These products will be processed further in the fine grinding plant and the chemical plant. The general project is described, covering the deposits, processing and markets."

Jan 1, 1969

By R. Rumpold, J. Antrekowitsch

"The continued increase of the automobile production leads to a higher platinum, palladium and rhodium (PGM) demand. Due to the high value of the PGMs the recycle of these metals from automotive catalysts is of special interest. Pyrometallurgical processes, which are only focused on the PGMs, represent the state of the art of automotive catalysts recovery. However, hydrometallurgical recycling processes offer additional recovery of other valuable metals and compounds. The method presented in this paper is based on a combination of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide to dissolve the valuable metal fraction which can be precipitated afterwards.INTRODUCTIONPlatinum and the corresponding metals from the PGM group, especially palladium and rhodium are well known as catalytic active materials. They support chemical reactions which are inhibited. This effect is used to decrease the amount of harmful compounds like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides in automotive exhaust gases. The generation of these toxic substances is based on incomplete combustion, which in turn is caused by non-ideal conditions in the combustion chamber. Catalytic converters minimize the harmful compounds by supporting the following Reactions 1 – 3 (Votsmeier et al., 2009).CO + ½ O2 ? CO2 (1)CnHm + (n + ¼ m) O2 ? n CO2 + ½ m H2O (2)2 NO + 2 CO ? N2 + 2 CO2 (3)Platinum and palladium are very effective for the oxidation (Reactions 1 and 2), while rhodium supports the decomposition of nitrogen oxides by carbon monoxide (Votsmeier et al., 2009). The classical three way catalyst was a platinum – rhodium combination with a Pt:Rh ratio of 5:1 (Hagelüken et al., 2005). Today the platinum, palladium and rhodium ratio is highly variable and strongly depends on the engine type as well as on the car producer. Diesel engines are operated with a super stoichiometric air addition in comparison to spark ignition systems. Therefore the exhaust gas composition and off gas temperature is different. Based on the high oxygen amount, diesel engines produce less carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons but more nitrogen oxide in contrast to gasoline engines. This leads to various requirements for the catalytic converters."

Jan 1, 2012

By G. Bimpilas, G. N. Anastassakis

"Today, one of the most intense problems in mineral processing systems is referred to the treatment of fine (–100 µm), and even smaller size, particles. Fine mineral particles possess specific properties (small mass, high specific surface area, and high surface energy per unit area) that render their separation inefficient with conventional methods (physical, physicochemical) and equipment. As a result, it is not feasible to obtain a concentrate both of high grade and recovery in mineral value and a considerable amount of mineral fine particles is lost to the tailings. As evidence, we could cite numerous examples from industrial practice with considerable loss of mineral values to the tailings because of the fine particles size, e.g. phosphate, tungsten, tin, etc.The objective of the current paper is to investigate the possibility to separate magnetic gangue minerals and rocks (serpentine, ilmenite, and olivine) from magnesite by co-agglomerating all the gangue components and subsequent magnetic separation of the agglomerates.To meet the target, hydrophobic agglomeration tests were initially carried out on single minerals to define the favorable conditions for selective hydrophobic co-agglomeration of the gangue minerals. In this respect, the effect of the following factors was examined: pH, collector dose, conditioning time, and settling time of the agglomerates. Among the combinations examined, the most favorable proved that with amine in the basic pH region. The use of non-polar oil proved beneficial. The preliminary results were confirmed by tests on mineral mixtures. The application of magnetic separation resulted in the removal of gangue minerals and the recovery of magnesite concentrates of commercial grade (magnesite content 95% approximately) and high yield.The current paper contributes to the development of mineral processing, since it successfully copes with a very important problem of mineral processing, such as the efficient separation of fine particles."

Jan 1, 2016

By E. Barnard, J. Tero, J. Rajala, N. Avenido, M. Fullam, A. Nashitati, S. Mbalamba

"The Otjikoto mining and milling complex is 90% owned by B2Gold Corporation, and began commercial operation on February 28, 2015. The milling circuit operates at a throughput 3.3 million tonnes per annum, with an average reserve gold grade of 1.28 g/t. The ore is high in Gravity Recoverable Gold (GRG), which varies between 73-91%, depending on ore type. Overall gold recovery since start-up is 98.2%, with about 63.5 % coming from the gravity circuit as doré. 2016 cash operating costs, and all in sustaining cost (“AISC”) were $361 and $604 per ounce, respectively.During design, three ore types were tested for GRG content, and based on the high GRG value of all three ore types, the decision was made to treat the full ball mill circulating load by gravity. Once operating, the gravity circuit performance was characterized by performing a detailed gravity audit, which included the ore, cyclone classification, Knelson concentrators, and the Consep Acacia intensive leach system. The deeper ores contain significant pyrrhotite, and this created some unusual challenges that had to be overcome. This paper presents the gravity circuit design process, the circuit commissioning, and the audit results and ongoing improvements.IntroductionHeadquartered in Vancouver, Canada, B2Gold Corp. was founded in 2007. Currently, B2Gold has five operating mines, and numerous exploration projects in various countries, including Nicaragua, the Philippines, Namibia, Mali and Burkina Faso. The Otjikoto Mine is located in the north-central part of the Republic of Namibia. It is situated approximately 300 kilometers north of Windhoek, the country’s capital, within the Province of Otjozondjupa. The Otjikoto mining and milling complex is 90% owned by B2Gold Corporation, and began commercial operation on February 28, 2015. The milling circuit operates at a throughput 3.3 million tonnes per annum. During design, a large emphasis was placed on gravity recovery, as the Otjikoto ores are unusually high in Gravity Recoverable Gold (GRG)."

Jan 1, 2018