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By B. N. Church, R. H. Seraphim, J. T. Shearer

"The Lexington-Lone Star CU-Au deposits straddle the Canada U. S.A. border, south of Greenwood, British Columbia. This 3 km long linear porphyry system occurs in a northeast dipping belt of sheared quartz porphyry and serpentinite. The best grades of mineralization occur in three principal bodies known as the Pit zone, the Northwest zone and the Lexington Main zone. The Pit zone at the Lone Star mine is the largest of the mineralized bodies and consists of fracture fillings and disseminations of pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor molybdenite, hosted by the Lexington quartz porphyry. The Northwest zone, discovered by drilling through overburden near the 49th Parallel, consists of pyrite-chalcopyrite-gold mineralization in the quartz porphyry and the footwall serpentinite. The Lexington Main zone has the highest grade of gold and occurs near the footwall of the quartz porphyry with the mineralogy and setting similar to the Northwest zone. Alteration of the host quartz porphyry is mostly sericitic and chloritic; alteration in the adjacent serpentinite is mostly talc and carbonates.A weighted average of the drill-indicated reserves is 19.5 million tonnes grading 0.56% CU and 0.55 gl t Au.IntroductionThis paper describes copper-gold mineralization associated with the Lexington quartz porphyry in the Greenwood mining camp of south-central British Columbia and adjacent parts of Washington State (Fig. 1).Access to the property is mainly by a network of farm, logging and old mining roads to the U.S. border, 10 km south of Greenwood, British Columbia."

Jan 1, 1995

By J. E. Nesset

"This paper discusses the importance of considering residence time distribution (RTD) in the design of flotation and mixing circuits and in the analysis of operating problems. The experiences and successes of Brunswick Mining in this area are covered and include: the development of a practical RTD measurement technique using pulp conductivity, baffle installation to improve the RTD of existing process equipment, and the method in which RTD considerations have been used to design the newest flotation and conditioning operations IntroductionThe use of residence time distributions (RTDs) in the design and analysis of unit operations is well understood by the chemical engineering profession in while mineral processing engineers have tended to rely on empirical and rule-of-thumb factors. For example, in scale up from laboratory and pilot test results to full size flotation plant design, empirical rule s are often used to establish residence time and number of cells in the bank. Coleman suggests a factor of at least 2, and up to 5 for gold ores, be applied to laboratory determined flotation times. This is further illustrated in Table I, taken from Denver equipment. The number of cells in series to achieve the required retention time while minimizing short-circuiting has generated a variety of conclusions (Table 2). Obviously there is less than complete agreement on the subject. Young notes that a clear difference of opinion has emerged and cites as extremes, (i) the publications of Outokumpum showing unimpaired recovery for its largest machines (38 m3) compared to equivalent retention times for numerous smaller machines, and (ii) the experiences of Eastern European countries where the practice is to install banks of 30 unit s or more, operating in series, often with unit retention times of only a fraction of a minute.The empirical factors used by engineers presumably account for other than tested feed conditions, inefficiencies in large continuous machines, inevitable day-to-day circuit disruptions, gradual equipment deterioration and any other safety factor the engineer feels compelled to incorporate. An understanding of RTD concepts and techniques should help the practicing mineral engineer to develop more soundly based factors. Thi s paper relates the experiences of Brunswick Mining in using RTD techniques in the unit operations of flot ation and mixing"

Jan 1, 1988

By Lizelle Glaner

An investigation was carried out by Mintek to investigate the influence of additions of gold to ?Fecraloy?, alloys based on Fe-Cr-Al. The aim was to try and improve the oxidation resistance of the ?Fecraloy? alloys at elevated temperatures over extended periods of time. The ?Fecraloy? alloys are very oxidation resistant alloys already employed in industry as substrates for metallic catalysts in auto-catalyst systems for high performance cars. Since their life and durability is limited by the slow, but steady, oxidation of the substrates, any change in the growth or stability of the oxides could be an improvement.

Oct 1, 2003

By E. J. Schwarz, A. A. Winir

"Absolute magnetite contents were determined for asbestos specimens in various stages of milling by using a Faraday-type thermomagnetic balance. Comparison of these results with magnetic ratings (MR) supplied by the mining companies cooperating in this study reveals strong scatter. The main cause of this scatter is thought to be that the MR values were obtained in magnetic fields well below the saturating field of magnetite (5,000 oe). However, only the saturation moment is an intrinsic property and consequently must be used for the purpose of obtaining reliable estimates of the magnetite content. Curie points indicate that virtually pure magnetite and possibly Ni3Fe is present in all samples, and another phase, probably (Cr, Al) magnetite, is present in a few samples. The susceptibility in fields stronger than 5,000 oe is positive and falls in the normal paramagnetic range, whereas sy nthetic chrysotile exhibits weak diamagnetism. This suggests that, as a general rule, the least adulterated natural chrysotile concurs with the samples showing the smallest positive susceptibility above 5,000 oe. The magnetite appears to increase in quantity with a decrease in fibre length and to be somewhat more uniform in distribution for samples showing substantial fiberization (opening of the fibres)."

Jan 1, 1971

By M. Sugamata

Creep tests were carried out for friction welded joints of AZ31 magnesium alloy rods under an ambient atmosphere at temperatures between 423 and 573K. Tensile tests were also performed at temperature from room to 573K. The obtained results were compared with those of the base metal. AZ31 extruded rods of 19 mm in diameter were joined by brake type friction welding machine. Creep and tensile specimens were machined out of the welded rods. The tensile strength of the joints was almost the same as that of the base metal at room temperature. However, joint efficiencies of welded joints were about 92% at above 373K. The elongation of welded joints was lower than those of base metal. The welded joints showed appreciably higher minimum creep rate and shorter rupture time than the base metal at all the tested temperatures and initial creep stresses. Creep and tensile rupture of the joints always occurred at near the weld interface. Thus, friction welded joints of AZ31 alloy showed lower creep and tensile strength than the base metal at elevated temperature.

Jan 1, 2006

By M. A. Perras, H. A. Kasani, G. Walton

The development of an underground repository for the storage of spent nuclear fuel relies on a multi-barrier system to isolate the used fuel from the environment – ultimately, the biosphere. These barriers include engineered copper and steal canisters, dense bentonite, and the natural rock as well. In order to reduce the potential flow pathway along the excavation induced damage zone, various slots perpendicular to the excavation axis have been proposed. These slots are called cut-off seals and generally are filled with bentonite as it has high swelling potential and very low permeability. Many different geometries have been proposed, but clear guidelines on the selection of the optimum geometry have yet to be developed. In order to assess the optimum geometry, three shapes have been selected for this numerical study, including a trapezoid, a triangle, and a thin rectangular slot. The cut-offs were modelled for a conceptual shaft constructed in the Queenston Formation from Ontario over a stress to strength ratio that has been found at many underground research laboratories. It was found that the excavation of a triangular and thin slot cut-off had the smallest increase in the damage as quantified based on the extensile volumetric strain within the plastic yield zone. Both shapes showed an increase in the damaged zone by 13 cm at a stress to strength ratio of 2.75. The trapezoidal cut-off damage zone increased by 20 cm at the same stress to strength ratio. Further study is required to better define the optimum cut-off shape for wider variety of conditions and other geological formations.

Jan 1, 2020

By S. Fahland, P. Vogel

"The Gorleben salt dome has been investigated since 1979 for its suitability as a repository for the disposal of high-level radioactive wastes. The geoscientific surface exploration was followed by underground exploration of the site beginning in 1983: underground excavation work included the sinking of two shafts from 1986 to 1994, the excavation of the infrastructure area and of drifts located in the first exploration area EB1 within the following years. The exploration was interrupted for ten years from 2000 to 2010 as part of a moratorium. After the expiry of the moratorium in March 2010, the geoscientific underground exploration at the Gorleben site was resumed. The investigations were interrupted again in autumn 2012 due to a political decision. The exploration programme included extensive geoscientific investigations: geological exploration, geophysical investigations, mining exploration and mining observation, laboratory tests, in-situ geotechnical measurements, geological modelling and numerical model calculations. To analyse and interpret the results of the in-situ measurements and mining observation geomechanical, thermal and thermo-mechanical model calculations were carried out. One of the main elements of the in-situ geotechnical investigations were high-resolution geothermal measurements performed in boreholes used for geological exploration and geotechnical tests.The geothermal measurements are used to evaluate several geotechnical findings, e. g. drift closure, rock deformation, stress change, and are completed by thermal model calculations to analyse and interpret the results of in-situ measurements and mining observation. The model calculations have been carried out using the special purpose JIFE code. To consider the whole exploration mine with the adjoining host rock as well as the successive excavation of drifts and boreholes in detail a three-dimensional finite-element model was developed. The model calculations are used to analyse the cooling-off of the surrounding rock of the drifts caused by ventilation. The cooling-off of the surrounding rock is an ongoing process affecting the results of further geotechnical measurements in the near field of the drifts. To predict a realistic time and space dependent distribution of the temperature field of the host rock within the exploration area which is influenced by ventilation thermal model calculations are necessary. Comparing the calculated temperature field with the in-situ determined rock mass temperature field within the exploration area EB 1 the results show a sufficient agreement. Furthermore there is very good correspondence, both qualitatively and quantitatively, between the experimental and the calculated findings regarding the temperature profiles including the effects of excavation and ventilation of the drifts."

Jan 1, 2015

By Oleg G. Tovmachenko

We have studied optical properties of fluorescent nanoparticles. These particles consist of a metal (gold/silver) core, an empty and a dye labelled silica shells. The different dye molecules with moderate quantum yields (about 0.3) has been used. Almost all of types of nanoparticles show fluorescence enhancement. This enhancement is strongly dependent on the degree of the overlap between the surface plasmon band of the metal and the absorption/emission band of the dye molecules. The results are interpreted in terms of competition between local field enhancement and quenching of fluorescence by the metal surface.

Oct 1, 2003

By J. Dubinski

Poland is the ninth largest coal producer in the world and Coal Company is the largest Polish producer of this deposit yielding 51% of national production. Coal Company mines are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. These are underground mines which operate in difficult geological conditions at great depths of up to 1200 m. One of the most common natural hazards in Polish mines are rockburst and seismic hazard impacting on surface infrastructure and habitants. In the assessment of the rockburst and seismic hazard methods of mining seismology play a leading role. This paper presents progress that was achieved in the last few years in the implementation of new seismic monitoring systems and seismic interpretation methods for the prevention of hazard deriving from seismicity induced by mining. This progress in assessment of rockburst hazard and impact of seismic activity on the surface infrastructure was achieved through close cooperation between the Coal Company and Central Mining Institute ? the country?s leading scientific institute in the field of mining seismology. New theoretical solutions are in the process of testing in mines of Coal Company where seismic monitoring systems are installed and controlled by well-qualified personnel. Some directions of further joint actions to increase the effectiveness of rockburst and seismic hazard assessment are presented as well.

Aug 1, 2013

By R. B. Stein

"Countercurrent decantation circuits(CCD) are often employed in hydrometallurgy to effect solids-liquid separation in combination with a barren solution wash to reduce losses of valuable solution component(s) from the tails. Bechtel Corporation uses its BEMSIM flowsheet-modelling PC computer program to simulate a CCD circuit where the ""dirty"" wash solution contains significant amounts of soluble components. An algorithm successfully models this condition and is simplified to a single expression when the wash solution is a ""clean"" solution containing no solubles. The CCD calculation module is compared to operating data from uranium and nickel-cobalt CCD circuits.IntroductionHydrometallurgical process schemes have often relied on countercurrent washing methods to reduce soluble losses of valuable product in the tails. Commonly used equipment to effect this operation is a CCD circuit of N thickeners in series, where a slurry is fed to thickener I and a wash solution to thickener N; clear pregnant solution overflows thickener I and washed tails exit as underflow from thickener N. CCD circuits of this type are typically employed when the solids tend to slime heavily and where a filter is not economic.A typical CCD circuit usually employs from two to five thickeners and can employ either a ""clean"" washing solution of, say, pure water or else the hydrometallurgical circuit may generate a ""dirty"" barren solution containing an appreciable amount of soluble component which may be advantageously returned to the process as CCD wash solution. Various authors have treated the case for clean washing solutions (Svarkovsky 1977, Merritt 1970). For the case of dirty wash solutions, an algorithm has been developed to enable efficient modelling by the BEMSIM computer program, because the need for an accurate method to calculate soluble losses is required when performing an economic trade-off analysis of the value of product lost in the tails as a function of the number of thickeners."

Jan 1, 1990

By Pierre Bernard

Contents of the presentation ? Overview of Brunswick 12 Mine ? Brief description of the mine geology ? Summary of the current Mineral Reserves and Additional Mineral Resources ? Review of the ongoing mining remnants evaluation process, particularly emphasizing the integrated work between the mine geologists, the mine engineers and the metallurgists ? Challenges and opportunities to extend the mine life

Apr 1, 2005

By E. Lehtila, J. J. Talja, R. Jahila

Kopar Oy is acknowledged for engineering and manufacturing of robust systems for bulk material handling, especially at power plants and non-ferrous smelters. We have over thirty years of experience with systems specifically designed for hot and abrasive conditions, aiming at low cost of ownership, low operational expenses and high availability. Although Kopar has numerous applications in mechanical conveying, there is an increasing number of pneumatic conveying applications at copper smelters. They relate to conveying of concentrate, and primary and secondary flue dusts. Challenges of pneumatic conveying for concentrate are mechanical and do relate to broad particle size distribution and high abrasivity of the concentrate and the silica. Therefore, special attention shall be paid to system design and ceramically lined bends in the pipeline. Challenges of pneumatic conveying of primary flue dust relate predominantly to material stickiness and poor flowability which are mainly due to fine particle size and formation of sulphates and furthermore, crystalline water. Additional challenges of secondary dust, the white converter dust, are primarily due to the extremely fine 0.1–1.5 µm particle size and problems which come with this. Effect of material characteristics like size distribution, morphology and chemical composition in pneumatic conveying are discussed in detail. INTRODUCTION Fine materials like concentrate, feed mix, flue dusts (from waste heat boiler and electrostatic precipitator) and secondary dusts need to be conveyed at smelters. Both horizontal and vertical conveying and combination of those are used. For the purpose, both mechanical and pneumatic conveying are applied. Most widely used equipment are drag chain conveyors and various combination of pneumatic systems, e.g. air lift, dense-phase and dilute phase pneumatic conveyors. Kopar has 30 years’ experience with multiple material handling systems. Furthermore, acquired companies like Elmomet Oy and SITE Oy (both currently fully merged and integrated into Kopar Oy) have even longer history, especially in pneumatic conveying. It is commonly known that the finer the dust the more difficult it is to be conveyed pneumatically. Sulfates with crystal water makes it all even more difficult, if not ineligible. Challenges related to pneumatic conveying of various fine materials is discussed in detail in the paper.

Jan 1, 2019

By W. H. MacLean, S. Liaghat

The Key Tuffite is a thick (0.3 m to 6 m) and laterally extensive (-10 km) cherty, sulfide-bearing tuff unit in Archean greenstones in the Matagami mining district in northwestern Quebec. It lies at the contact of the Watson Lake Group and overlying Wabassee Group volcanic rocks, and is host to major Zn-Cu volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. The tuff component is highly altered and its volcanic precursors are not identifiable by petrographic means. The tuff is mixed with a volcanic exhalative component comprising chert, carbonate and sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite). The normative mineral composition of the Key Tuffite is 33% quartz, 28% sulfides, 16% sericite, 8070 carbonate, 6% chlorite and 9% other minerals. In the vicinity of the Bell Allard and Orchan mines, the precursor tuff components are identified using immobile major and trace elements, as Watson Lake tholeiitic rhyolite (Zr/Y = 1.5 to 3.5, LaN/ybN = 1.7 to 2.8, SiO2 = 72.5 ± 1.2 wt %, and Wabassee calc-alkaline andesite (Zr/Y = 9, LaN/YbN= 4 to 8, SiO2 = 56% to 65%). Immobile element computation techniques were used to calculate mass additions and losses in the conversion of the tuff to the Key Tuffite. Average net amounts of FeP3 (27% total iron), Si02 (14%), Cao (8%), S and K2 (+ 2%), were added, Nap was removed (-2.8%), and MgO was over-all unchanged. Total net mass change was +63%, which comprises mainly exhalative additions, but also includes changes owing to hydrothermal alteration of the tuff component.

Jan 1, 1992

By Rakesh Kumar, Rajabrahma K., A. K. Verma, V. Mukesh

"In this study, laboratory investigation as well as numerical investigation is carried out to ascertain the transition from one mode to another for Semi-circular bend setup. Laboratory investigation is carried by varying the span length (s/2R); crack length (a/R); notch angle (a); and notch thickness (t). The specimen consists of cement, sand and water mixture in a ratio of 1:1:0.5 by weight and are prepared as per the ISRM standards (2014). Tests are conducted by a servo controlled universal testing machine at a strain rate of 0.2 mm/ min. The results are collected in terms of failure load, crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) and images of crack initiation and propagation.Image analysis of laboratory tested samples shows that crack initiates at the notch tip when the notch inclination angle is 0°. As the notch angle increases (i.e. 30° and 60°) the fracture begins to initiate behind the notch tip. The direction of crack propagation in front and back side of the sample is same for notch inclination angle is 0° whereas it differs more and more as crack inclination increases. The transition represents the change in mode of failure from mode I (0°), mode II (30°) and mixed mode I/II fracture (60°).Finite element method used to find the transition based on MTS failure criterion. The inclination of notch is varied like 40, 42, 44, 45, and 50 deg and FEM analysis shows that the transition from mode-I to Mode-II take place at 49 deg. The same procedure can be extended to find the transition from mode-II to mode-III."

Jan 1, 2015

By Gabriel Voicu, Marc Bardoux, Ross Stevenson, Nuno Machado, Jean Lafrance

"Abstract - Paleoproterozoic gold is found in two different volcano-sedimentary sequences and intrusive bodies separated by 600 km within the Guiana Shield. The 2148 Ma St-Élie granite intruded volcanic-arc sequences of the Paramaca Group, whereas the 2096 Ma Omai stock penetrated backarc/ island-arc sequences of the Barama-Mazaruni Group. Positive ?Nd values suggest that both suites lack Archean crustal contaminants, which is consistent with an origin in an oceanic arc setting.The St-Élie deposit is characterized by quartz-dominant vein systems with minor metallic minerals, represented chiefly by pyrrhotite and pyrite. Biotite, calcite, and chlorite are the main gangue minerals. The alteration haloes at St-Élie feature a strong potassic zone, which is absent at Omai. The ore-controlling structures are ductile and the vein emplacement is related mainly to contemporaneous, high-angle ductile shear zones. The St-Élie deposit formed at temperatures >350°C. The stable isotopes values are compatible with a magmatic or metamorphic source.The Omai deposit is characterized by quartz-dominant vein systems with minor metallic minerals, represented mainly by pyrite. Ankerite, scheelite, albite, and chlorite are common gangue minerals. The vein emplacement is syn- to post-deformation and it is related mainly to brittle shear zones with low-angle, stockwork networks and breccia zones. The Omai deposit formed in a temperature range between 250°C and 170°C, much lower than the St-Élie deposit. The stable isotope values are compatible with mixing between deep-seated fluids of metamorphic or magmatic origin with surface- derived fluids.These differences between St-Élie and Omai are interpreted in terms of their depth of formation. Alteration patterns, structural elements, and paragenetic assemblages indicate that the gold at St-Élie was most probably emplaced at a mesozonal depth, whereas the Omai setting yields evidence for epizonal conditions."

Jan 1, 1999

By Peter A. Bevan

"In massive and semi-massive deposits, it is essential to take samples continuously for specific gravity determination as well as for assays of the various metals of interest. Failure to use specific gravity in mixed deposits of high density contrast will result in incorrect determinations of the average grade.Graphs and linear equations of specific gravity against the grade of one metal are not considered accurate enough in a multi-mineral deposit, but appear to be very satisfactory in a theoretical one-sulphide/gangue mix. Specific gravities based on base-metal values only in massive sulphide deposits will result in underestimating the effect of low grade areas on the average grade and also cause a reduction in the calculated tonnage.IntroductionBy definition, a base-metal assay is the percentage of metal by weight contained in a sample, whether it be a soil or silt sample, a grab, chip or channel sample, or a section of diamond drill core.In those cases where there is a series of contiguous samples, say in diamond-drill core, the average grade may be required of the various assays that are above a desired or required cutoff grade.Internal low grade or waste can be included if the assays one side or the other are used to ""carry"" the lower grade material and the resulting average grade is above the cut-off grade. To determine the average grade, the individual assays are ""weighted"" by multiplying these values by their respective lengths, adding up the cumulative assay times length and dividing by the total length. This method is essentially a weighting by volume, because the core diameter is constant and is common to all the samples being considered for estimating the average grade . If some of the core samples have much higher specific gravities than others, and the specific gravities are not used in the weighting process, the resultant average grade will be over-estimated or underestimated, depending on the grade of the heavier sections. When core assays of approximately the same specific gravity or weight are averaged by length, the error in the weighted estimation of the average grade is negligible."

Jan 1, 1993

By Reik M. Winkel

Radar Technologies are successful implemented in the military industry since decades and recently found their way in the mining industry as level gauge radars for bin applications. The latest generation of microwave radar sensors are capable to provide geometrical data of the surrounding area of mining machines, too. Radar sensors are an improvement to laser scanners as they are more robust and able to penetrate dust and mist. Radar sensors will be the key source for operator assistance systems. indurad and RWTH Aachen University conducted a large series of tests at open pit mines and underground coal mines to determine the potential of the new two dimensional Dual Range Radar iDRR. Several applications were determined as highly feasible and are now completed respectively in the implementation stage. The authors are giving an insight in the experimental results, the implementation and an outlook of future applications for this technology.

Oct 1, 2009

By Ken Steele, Pam Sangster, Myra Gerow

Ontario leads Canada in production of structural materials and ranks third in production of non-metallic minerals. The total value of industrial mineral production in 1997 was $1.6 billion. The province is the leading producer of nepheline syenite, salt, talc, clay products, cement, lime, sand and gravel, stone and a major producer of gypsum and silica. Barite, sulphur in smelter gas, elemental sulphur, tremolite, serpentine, gemstones and peat are also produced. Table 1 shows recent actual industrial mineral production levels in Ontario. Other industrial minerals, including phosphate, petalite, diamonds, wollastonite, vermiculite, kyanite, garnet, graphite, silica, kaolin, dimension stone and anorthosite, have been the target of exploration and development projects. Investment opportunities exist at all levels from grass-root prospect through to production level.

Jan 1, 2001

By H. Lorenzen, D. Buyze

"Magnesium-bearing salts occur in the Zechstein Basin in the north eastern part of the Netherlands at a depth of 1500m to 2500 m.Exploration results justified the exploitation of these salts by means of solution mining for the production of refractory grade magnesium- oxide. This paper discusses design criteria, operation parameters, and methods used for magnesium chloride solution mining by Noordelijke Zoutwinning B. V. (NOZO), an operating company of Billiton International Metals B. V.A unique variation of widely used solution mining techniques has been developed for mining the complex Veendam salt deposit. NOZO extracts salt through deviated wells with a set of parallel, suspended tubings. Cavern fluid pressure is maintained close to that of overburden rock. These special design features provide an answer for the complex characteristics of the minerals, halite, carnallite, bischofite and kieserite, from which a solution rich in magnesium is generated. Dissolution chemistry and rock mechanical behaviour of these salts are unlike those of rock salt. Throughout a few years, NOZO demonstrated adequate process control while they continue improving the operation.IntroductionBilliton, a wholly owned company of the Royal Dutch /Shell Group of Companies, is active in metal exploration, mining, processing, and trading, mainly in the non-ferrous sector.Since 1972 Billiton has been active with solution mining magnesium salts in the northeastern part of the Netherlands, in the Province of Groningen, near the city of Veendam . Solution mining techniques were developed in conjunction with the ""Koninklijke/Shell Laboratorium Amsterdam"" (KSLA) and the ""Koninklijke/Shell Exploration and Production Laboratorium"" (KSEPL), Rijswijk. The company's objective is to produce magnesia sinter (MgO) from magnesium-chloride brine (MgClz) and de-carbonated dolomite (CaO.MgO). The magnesia produced serves as base material for the manufacturing of refractory bricks, used for furnace linings in the steel industry."

Jan 1, 1986

By S. Amira

The corrosion behavior of high pressure die-cast and thixocast AXJ530 magnesium alloys has been investigated in 0.05M NaC1 solution at pH 6.0 using potentiodynamic polarization tests, electrochemical noise (EN) technique, electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning reference electrode technique (SRET). The behavior of die-cast and thixocast specimens were compared using each of these techniques and the results discussed. Further tests have been carried out with die-cast AZ91D alloy to better compare and interpret the results. Experiments indicate that the thixocast specimens of AXJ530 alloy have a better corrosion resistance than those of die cast alloy in neutral solution.

Jan 1, 2006