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By H. Ding

Calcium carbonate/Titanium dioxide composite, characterized by coating TiO2 on the surface of CaCO3 particles, is an important substitute for titanium dioxide. This paper studies preparation method of CaCO3/TiO2 ,composites based on mechano-chemical effects, measures its properties as a pigment, analyzes the binding form and interface reaction mechanism between CaCO3 and TiO2. Through single finely grinding of CaCO3, co-grinding of CaCO3 together with TiO2, and mecha-no-chemical effects produced in the course of grinding, CaCO3/TiO2 composites can be prepared successfully. Results indicate that grinding fineness of CaCO3, co-grinding time of CaCO3 and TiO2, the weight ratio of grinding media to mineral feeding, and the amount of TiO2 have much influence on the properties of CaCO3/TiO2 composites. CaCO3/TiO2 composites have the properties same as titanium dioxide pigment, oil adsorption and ultraviolet adsorption same as TiO2, and 90% of hiding power as that of TiO2. Wet grinding of CaCO3 causes the production of mechano-chemical effect and hydroxyl group, through which CaCO3 and TiO2 can be bonded together. Repulsion occurs between the particles of CaCO3 and the particles of TiO2, respectively, they are both in good dispersion. But attraction occurs between CaCO3 and TiO2. TiO2 particles are distributed evenly on the surface of CaCO3. Therefore, coating of TiO2 on the surface of CaCO3 particles and chemical bond between them make CaCO3/TiO2 compo-sites have pigment properties of Titanium.

Jan 1, 2014

"Tell us how you got involved in mining and about your career path.My dad was a coal miner and my uncle was a metallurgist, so when I enrolled at Penn State’s New Kensington Campus, I chose the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences — exact majors didn’t get picked till the end of your sophomore year. Penn State New Ken had an associate degree in mining program and one of the guys in my carpool was going to take Mining 30 in the evening and the other guy (mechanical engineer) was also able to take an evening class. I didn’t want to break up the carpool, so I took Mining 30, complete with essay tests. I could write, so I did well, and the professor said I should go into mining engineering. Fast forward to the end of the next term at University Park, and I realized there wasn’t enough chemistry in mining. Switching to metallurgy would have meant another term at that point, so Dr. Lovell, my advisor, trotted me down the hall and to the next building and said I was a mineral processor. That stuck. I was a summer student at U.S. Steel Research between my junior and senior year and they paid for my master’s degree — all about clay and macerals in coal flotation. During that time, the steel industry tanked, and I thought a Ph.D. would be a good idea — I could always teach at the university level if I had those credentials. The Electric Power Research Institute had a Coal Cleaning Test Facility in Homer City, PA, and I conducted my Ph.D. research on rate and residence time in conventional coal froth flotation cells there and at a local cleaning plant. I went to work at the test facility in 1987 (later CQ Inc.) and stayed there until I started PrepTech Inc. in 1997. PrepTech offers some consulting services for coal cleaning plants and sells mineral processing equipment, mostly to coal companies. I can’t believe it’s been 21 years.And what about your SME career?Of course, I was a student SME member at Penn State. We used many of the SME books in class, so who wouldn’t want the student discount? While in Homer City, I became involved with the Appalachian Plateau Subsection of the Pittsburgh Section. We’d hold quarterly meetings with interesting speakers and had good attendance. I was the secretary. I’m still the secretary and also get the bank statements. We’ll need to close that out some time, but I guess I’ve been hoping for resurgence in the Indiana/Cambria/ Somerset area."

Jan 3, 2018

By F. Sillers, R. T. C. Rasmussen

"INTRODUCTION This is the fourth report of investigations dealing with the cooperative tests between the Bureau of Mines and industry on the use of electrolytic manganese in steelmaking. The first report dealt with the use of electrolytic manganese in the manufacture of stainless steel 3/ the second with its use in acid electric steel practice, 4/ and the third with its use in low-carbon basic open-hearth steelmaking. 2/ A résumé of those investigations E7 appeared in the magazine STEEL. 5/ The present report deals with the use of electrolytic manganese in the manufacture of four types of stainless steel and the new Timken 16-25-6 alloy. The Bureau of Mines supplied The Timken Roller Bearing Co. with 62,000 pounds of electrolytic manganese for use in the tests.The electrolytic manganese was produced at the Bureau of Mines pilot plant, Boulder City, Nev., by the process developed by the Bureau and described in Bulletin 463, Operation of Electrolytic Manganese Pilot Plant, Boulder City, Nev., by J. H. Jacobs. J. W. Hunter, W. H. Yarroll, P. E. Churchward, R. G. Knickerbocker, R. W. Lewis, H.A. Heller, and J. H. Linck. The workcarried out under the direction of R. S. Dean, formerly assistant director, Bureau of Mines, and R. G. Knickerbocker, formerly chief, metallurgical branch, as part of a long-range program involving the development, manufacture, and use of manganese from domestic ores. Preliminary arrangements for the plant tests were made by the late A. A. Dow. 7/"

Jun 1, 1947

By M Lund

Due to operational and regulatory practicalities, pit lakes will continue to be legacies of many open cut mining lease relinquishments. Unplanned or inappropriate management of these significant geographical features may lead to a short-term liability to all stakeholders during mining operations, or to ongoing liability to the local community and environment following lease relinquishment. However, the potential for pit lakes to provide benefit to companies, communities and the environment is frequently unrecognised and yet may be a vital contribution to the sustainability of the open cut mining industry. Improved remediation technologies are offering more avenues for pit lake end use than ever before, at the same time mining companies, local communities and regulatory authorities are also becoming more aware of the benefit these water resources have to offer. Sustainable pit lake management aims to better minimise short- and long-term pit lake liabilities, and yet also to maximise short- and long-term pit lake opportunities as well.

Jan 1, 2006

By M. L. Wacker

"Cigar Lake high-grade uranium mine in Saskatchewan is operating after 25 years of test mining, construction, and mine flood remediation. Factors include ground stability, groundwater control, radiation exposure, and ore handling. A 10 year test program resulted in validating “jet boring”, a non-entry mining method involving artificially freezing the orebody and surrounding rock; tunnelling to develop access crosscuts below the orebody; installing cased pilot holes through ore; extracting ore using rotating high-pressure water jets within pilot holes; and cavity concrete backfilling. Ore slurry is prepared underground, pumped to surface, and trucked to McClean Lake mill for processing to uranium concentrate.RÉSUMÉ Après 25 années d’essais sur les méthodes minières, de construction et d’assainissement suivant les inondations à la mine, l’exploitation de minerai à haute teneur en uranium Cigar Lake, localisée dans la province de la Saskatchewan, est opérationnelle. Les principales difficultés concernent la stabilité du terrain, le contrôle des eaux souterraines, l’exposition aux rayonnements et la manutention du minerai. Un programme d’essai de 10 ans a abouti à la validation du « forage à érosion », une méthode minière qui consiste à congeler artificiellement le corps minéralisé et les roches environnantes ; à creuser des tunnels pour développer des travers-bancs d’accès en dessous du corps minéralisé ; à installer des puits de fondation pilotes à travers le minerai ; à extraire le minerai à l’aide de jets d’eau à haute pression dans les puits pilotes ; et à remblayer les cavités avec du béton. La boue de minerai est préparée sous terre, pompée vers la surface puis transportée par camion jusqu’à l’usine de concentration de McClean Lake pour le traitement afin d’obtenir du concentré d’uranium.INTRODUCTIONThe Cigar Lake deposit is in northern Saskatchewan, 660 km north of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, at the east edge of the Athabasca basin (Figure 1; Bishop, Mainville, & Yesnik, 2016). The operation is jointly owned by Cameco Corporation, AREVA Resources Canada Inc., Idemitsu Canada Resources Ltd., and TEPCO Resources Inc. Cameco has been the operator of Cigar Lake since January 2002. The discovery hole was drilled in 1981. Commercial production was declared in May 2015 and the Phase 1 operation will have a mine life of 15 years."

Jan 1, 2017

By Jonatas Venâncio Barbosa

Descrevem-se as ações adotadas para a evolução da qualidade de aços ultra baixo carbono com alto teor de silício, destinados a aplicações eletrônicas. Com o propósito de conhecer o comportamento metalúrgico do material durante o processo de laminação foram realizados ensaios de dilatometria, que permitiram a determinação das temperaturas de transformação de fase. Foi evidenciado que, nas temperaturas de processo praticadas, a laminação no trem acabador ocorria na região intercrítica, gerando variações bruscas de propriedades mecânicas no processo, levando a instabilidade operacional. Esta condição de laminação foi corrigida, direcionando para laminação em fase ferrítica. Foram necessários ajustes no modo de operação na linha de tiras a quente e a criação de controle automático de temperatura na entrada do trem acabador. Após as ações foi possível melhorar a qualidade do produto final, em relação às dimensões e forma do produto, reduzindo as perdas internas e retrabalho.

Aug 16, 2017

By D. Su

This paper presents the details and results of a preliminary investigation into the response of borehole pressure cells (BPCs) in soft coal. Two parallel approaches, laboratory calibration and nonlinear finite element simulation, were adopted for deter- mining the BPC K-factor, which was defined as the ratio of cell pressure change to the corresponding change in external pressure. Results from both the laboratory calibration and the nonlinear finite element simulation revealed a nonlinear response of cell internal fluid pressure to external loading. The K-fact& also is shown to increase with increasing setting pressure and decreasing medium modulus. -Depending on the setting pressure, the K-factor for coal having a Young's modulus of 1.6 x lo5 psi ranges from nearly 1.2 at 2,000 psi of external pressure to 1.485 at 8,400 psi of external pressure. The improved under- standing of BPC behavior leads to the more accurate calculation of BPC K-factor in coal which significantly improves the correlation between pillar pressures measured in underground coal mines and those predicted by nonlinear finite element simulations of these pillars.

Jan 1, 1990

By T Leidich, M Van Zyl, H Lacy

Mining ‘as usual’, until the most recent decades has resulted in limited landform planning and a general lack of mine waste landform design. Material characterisation, mine planning and dedicated professionals undertaking these tasks were rarely available or in place at the majority of mines. This has led to landform instability, erosion, sediment and poor quality water emanating from mine landforms. In many cases rehabilitation and reclamation failed and these sites have ‘landform features’ that are difficult to relinquish or leave and have little or no apparent land use. In many cases mined landscapes around the world have resulted in a less functional and degraded environment, with deleterious impacts on surrounding ecosystems.This situation is now slowly being addressed, as global companies, academics and practitioners and their organisations have started to exploit the ideas from an integration of earth sciences and mining through the application of planning software dedicated to the design of landforms.This development has had its genesis primarily in the United States. We suggest that process has been driven, in recent decades, by the application of resources in response to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), (USA Congress 11 December 1980) and other mine reclamation legislation enacted by federal and states regulators in the USA. The combining impact has seen a huge transfer of capital back from the public purse and ‘potentially responsible parties’, into abandoned mines to affect control, remediation, and reclamation/rehabilitation of those mines.Given this investment in rehabilitation and reclamation, people engaging in the business of landform planning have had the opportunity to address landform reclamation of historic and active sites. The skills of engineers and scientists with improved technology, waste rock characterisation and modelling tools have been combined resulting in the evolution of landform design and in mine planning of active mines. This has delivered cost-effective, sustainable mine closure designs for over 30 years. Integration of mine design with an understanding of geomorphic principals and the natural landscape, coupled with waste and soil characterisation, yield a positive result. Recently work has been applied across large and small-scale projects by companies. As these processes develop, ideas and concepts are evolving that active mines, or mines in the early planning stages, could use to help reduce double handling, and in the long run reduce overall project and closure costs, more effectively attain the desired final land use, and enhance the industry’s reputation and licence to operate.CITATION:Leidich, T,?Lacy, H?and Van?Zyl,?M,?2014. Application of design concepts and engineering controls necessary to deliver well-designed and rehabilitated landforms, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2014 , pp 55–66 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 16, 2014

By C. L. Burrill

The forecasts presented in this paper constitute an attempt by the writer to predict the pattern of the consumption of petroleum products in the United States during the period of transition from war to peace. Although, in preparing the estimates, secular trends were not overlooked, greater emphasis was placed upon considerations of a cyclical character, or upon influences which might be peculiar to parts of the period. The estimates do not extend beyond the year 1950 because by then conditions in the industry should have returned to normal. The consumption of petroleum products is affected, of course, by changes in the condition of business in general. Before estimates of petroleum consumption could be prepared, therefore, it was necessary to predict the pattern of general business during the period under review, particularly the economic series that in the past have shown the closest relationships with petroleum consumption. It is the writer's view that business activity in this country (as measured by industrial production) will be higher on the average during the period between the end of the war and the year 1950 than it ever was before during a peacetime period of the same duration. When the war is over, consumers will have saved amounts of money that will be very large as compared with any previous accumulations. There is little question, therefore, as to the financial ability of consumers to purchase goods. The production of many durable consumers' goods, such as automobiles, refrigerators and radios, has been completely stopped since early in the war; also, many semidurable and nondurable consumers' goods have not been available in the quantities or the qualities desired. There is considerable needi therefore, for consumers to purchase goods after the war. The important question is whether consumers will purchase goods in "1arge enough quantities to keep our economy running at a high level. The writer answers this question in the affirmative. The mere existence of very large consumer savings lends considerable support to this view because, with such backlogs of " security," consumers can afford to spend more of their current earnings than they otherwise could. Also, several polls have been taken, which indicate that consumers expect to buy large quantities of a variety of goods. Some of the savings, therefore, probably will go into current consumption. Even though this percentage is relatively small, so that the bulk of the funds accumulated by consumers during the war continues to remain as savings during the period under review, spending should be great enough to start the production cycle and keep it

Jan 1, 1945

By M. Hagfors

On the underwater testing of explosives, the measuring system consists of water filled test pond, tourmaline based pressure sensor, measuring cable and measuring unit, which supplies the DC current to the pressure sensor. Depending on the length of the measuring cable, it is always possible that some signal damping may occur in case the measurements are carried out without the signal amplifier to keep the measuring system as simple as possible. Therefore the length of the measuring cable should always be as short as possible.

Jan 1, 2006

By D. E. Wolfson

As a part of its overall program of coal carbonization, the Bureau of Mines is studying the coking properties of coals that may be used for metallurgical purposes. The objectives of this study were given in detail in a previous report.2/ The inherent suitability of coal for metallurgical use depends primarily on (1) chemical composition, (2) preparation characteristics, and (3) carbonization behavior. The first two factors, as well as the available reserves, are considered in selecting coals for carbonization tests.

Jan 1, 1957

By Jeremy Fletcher

In today’s world, the requirement of Steel Producers to revamp and modernize their blast furnaces on-time, safely and with the latest technology is paramount. In addition they must meet the detailed design, construction and safety legislation and regulations, which can be different for the various countries around the world. Siemens MT is renowned for its ability to perform Blast Furnace rebuilds, relines and modernisations within extremely tight time frames and in a safe manner. Modular Blast Furnace construction concepts have been perfected to minimise project duration and plant downtime for furnace rebuilds. Safety and certainty are the keys for success. Siemens MT are constantly introducing new technologies into the market place including cyclone gas cleaning and triple external cone gas scrubber, along with step changes in technology such as dry gas cleaning and dry slag granulation. The economic environment and the continuing requirement for improved environmental performance, drive many of these innovations. This paper describes some of the latest rebuild reference projects of Siemens MT, along with the latest technical innovations installed on these furnaces, and some of the construction methodology used for a safe and secure rebuild.

Aug 1, 2018

By J. E. Lees

Advanced remote sensing can be a powerful new information tool to help private and public entities make better environmental and resource management decisions. However, some regulated entities are reluctant to develop or use this tool because of their concerns that it will lead to increased risks and costs of environmental legal liability. They fear that new ways of monitoring the environment will increase liability, undermine existing enforcement agreements, reopen compliance agreements, and generally provide a competitive disadvantage to early adopters by accelerating environmental cleanup costs. Others counter that the increased risks are marginal, and that several advantages outweigh these risks, including the opportunity to more effectively manage environmental operations, target and set priorities, measure and track management and compliance effectiveness, provide more defensible environmental assessments and baseline conditions, make and defend optimal siting decisions, and avoid or resolve environmental disputes. This paper offers strategic advice on ways regulated entities can enjoy the benefits of these powerful new information tools while mitigating down-side legal and compliance risks as much as possible.

Jan 1, 1999

This publication summarizes, for all interested parties, the research, development, and demonstration in-house projets programed by the Bureau of Mines for fiscal year 1980 (October 1, 1979 - September 30, 1980) under its Minerals Health and Safety Research program. The objective of these projects is to provide an ordered and sequenced series of advances toward the Bureau's overall goal of providing the system technology required to create a healthier and safer working environment for the Nation's mining and minerals processing workers.

Jan 1, 1980

By Jason Swartz, Gerardo Gomez, Henry Leighton

San Antonio has experienced sustained growth for decades, putting increased pressure on existing wastewater infrastructure. In June 2013, San Antonio Water System (SAWS) reached a Consent Decree agreement that requires significant improvements to the wastewater system over a 10-year period to reduce Sanitary Sewer Overflows. One of the critical projects was the W-6 Upper Segment Tunnel project to reduce sanitary sewer overflows on an existing sewer main running through Lackland Airforce Base. The replacement project consisted of a new tunnel nearly 29,000 LF of primarily 104" FRP. The project also includes nine shafts and multiple trenchless crossings to make near surface connections to the new works.

Jun 23, 2024

By Richard C. Rice

Laboratory and field data for wire ropes typical of constructions used in underground mine hoisting were obtained, screened, encoded and analyzed statistically. The statistical analysis of data for hoist ropes retired from service showed that rope remaining strength (or, conversely, strength loss) can be predicted with good accuracy if several nondestructive measures of rope damage are assessed. Found to be most important was the outer-wire corrosion rating, the electromagnetic (EM) nondestructive-inspection technique used for predicting strength loss, and the rope diameter reduction. Signs of rope deterioration such as broken wires or damage were also important indicators of strength loss. Based on the results of this investigation, a number of recommendations are presented that promise to yield better rope inspection and retirement criteria which will in turn lead to improved safety and efficiency in underground mine-hoist systems.

Jan 1, 1983

By K. Ananthanarayanan, R. I. L. Guthrie, S. A. Argyropoulos

"The low cost and availability of micro-computers and their peripherals provides the metallurgical engineer with the opportunity to use such computers in a wide variety of applications. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a low cost data acquisition system capable of measuring up to 8 analogue channels at a sampling rate of up to 5000 measure mentsper second. This system is equipped with proper hardware and software so that the micro-computer can be linked to a central computer facility such as the McGill System for Interactive Computing (MUSIC). This central computer facility is supported by an AMDAHL V7 computer. Using the present interface, communication rates between the microcomputer and the central computing facility can be as high as 9600 (baud).The above mentioned data acquisition system is currently used for monitoring dissolution kinetics of ferro-alloy additions in liquid steel. In addition to this, special software has been developed which enables the user of this system to monitor solidification rates of ingots, etc. As economic considerations are always important, comparisons have been made with existing recorders which show that the cost Of the present system is only 30 per cent more than a two-pen strip chart recorder.RESUMELa disponibilité et le bas prix des micro-ordinateurs et de leurs périphériques permet à l'ingénieur métallurgiste d'utiliser de tels ordinateurs pour diverses applications. Dans ce rapport, les auteurs décrivent le développement d'un système d bas prix pour l'acquisition des données, capable de mesurer jusqu'à huit canaux analogues jusqu’à une vitesse de 5000 mesures par seconde. Ce système est équipe avec son propre ""hardware"" et ""Software"" qui relient le micro-ordinateur d’un ordinateur central, comme le système de McGill pour computations réciproques (MUSIC). Ce central d'ordinateurs est soutenu par l'ordinateur AMDAHL V7. Utilisant cet "" interface"", la vitesse de communication entre Ie micro-ordinateur et l'ordinateur central peut atteindre jusqu'd 9600 (baud)."

Jan 1, 1980

By Joseph F. Davies

To gain knowledge of the actual accident hazards present in Kentucky coal mines, reports of fatalities during 1931, 1932, and 1933 have been analyzed and the pertinent factors included in tables, accompanied by some discussion and recommendations for the reduction of accidents from particular causes. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study was made possible through the cooperation of John F. Daniel, chief of the Kentucky Department of Mines, who made available department records, in addition to the monthly bulletine issued by his office reporting these fatalities.

Jan 1, 1934

By Chang-Young Choi

Korea Zinc commenced zinc production in 1978 with a capacity of 50,000 tpa. Since then, continuous investments have been made and resulted in Korea Zinc now being the biggest zinc and lead producer in the world. In the course of increasing zinc production capacity, the company management realized that the company needed a lead smelter to prevent the solid waste disposal problems by treating the lead containing solid waste. This paper begins by briefly stating the objectives and the roles of the lead smelter at Onsan. It describes the QSL process and the TSL process, and further extends the description of the TSL process, through which harmless inert solid waste could be produced for secure final disposal. It is also mentioned that the TSL process plays an important role in the integration of zinc and lead production. Throughout the paper, a positive attitude in handling the environmental issues in the non-ferrous smelting industry is emphasized. Finally, a solution for the solid waste disposal problem in the zinc and lead industry is proposed, with which the environmental issues can be an opportunity rather than a crisis. The current operation at Onsan suggests the future direction of the non-ferrous smelting technology that all of the zinc and lead producers should pursue.

Jan 1, 2003

By J. Stephen Slottee, Jerold Johnson

The use of a thickener, without filtration, to produce a non-settling paste (also called thickened tailings) with non-Newtonian rheology has been practiced in Australia for many years for the disposal of red mud. The application of paste thickening technology outside of alumina is relatively new. Interest and installations in paste thickening are rapidly growing. Water shortages and environmental pressures make consideration of thickening tailings to solids concentrations within the paste range necessary in most new tailings projects. The paste thickeners at the DeBeers CTP plant in Kimberley, South Africa are the latest example of paste tailings disposal on the surface, also called “stacking”. Houman (2003) The use of a paste thickener as an alternative to filtration for mine paste backfill is a more recently developed application. This paper describes the principles of design and general operating characteristics of a paste thickener compared to the conventional and high-rate thickener. The application and operating performance of paste thickeners in mine backfill is discussed as an example. An integrated approach to process design is described that matches the performance of the thickener, pumping system, and application on a common rheological basis to ensure that none of these steps prevents achieving process performance targets.

Jan 1, 2005