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By A. Whillier

Methods are given for estimating heat flows into mining excavations of various types, with an example to illustrate how the refrigeration requirements are then determined after allowing for the cooling effects of the ventilation air.

Jan 1, 1981

ALABAMA. Aldrich, Aldrich, W. F. Anniston, Noble, A. E. Auburn,' Brown, R. L. Bessemer Abbott, C. E., Ferguson, V., Williams, E. P. Birmingham, Aldrich, T. H., Aldrich, T. H., Jr., Allen, A. W., Bowron, J., Burbidge, T. A., Crawford, G. G, Crockard, F. H., Dimmick, F. D., Ellis, E.,E., Hiller, E., Johnson, G. R., Ludwig, C. P., McCormack, G B., McCrery, Moffett, C. A., Morris, B.H, Peters, R., Jr., Pill, J. R., Ramsay, E. Gadsden, Hudson, J. B. Helena, Squire, J. Holt, Shook, J. W. Huntsville, Moss. Lehigh, Toulmin. Rock Run, Garvin, J. M. Thomas, Kluttz, W. L., Johnson, J. E., Jr. University, Litchman, H. B., Smith, E. A. Woodward, Woodward, A. H.

Jan 1, 1910

Jan 1, 1915

By Thomas J. Almy

The Ontario croppings were struck July 19th, 1872, by Herman Budden, who, together with his partners, at once began to prospect their claim. Within five weeks their development work enabled them to sell it for $30,000 to R. C. Chambers, who represented the

Jan 1, 1888

By D. A. Dahlstrom

D. R. Lyons (Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland)— Some tests using wet tables conducted by an operating company to determine the effect of table-water density on the quality of the washed coal should be of interest. The only variable during the testing period was the percentage of solids in the table water. Table operating data are shown in Table XV. The ash content of the washed coal remained constant or nearly so, as the percentage of solids varied while the sulphur content of the washed coal decreased as the percentage of solids increased.

Jan 1, 1952

Jan 1, 1949

Jan 1, 1944

Jan 1, 1931

Jan 1, 1940

Jan 1, 1970

By J. J. Bodmer

THE four different modes, more or less practiced for subdividing slag (that is, producing slag sand), are the following : 1. Crushing the slag from the lump in Blake's crusher, by edge runners or other suitable means. 2. Blowing water, steam, cold or hot air, into the stream of viscous slag whilst it runs from the furnace. So treated, the slag takes

Jan 1, 1874

Page Foreword—H. Foster Bain........................ 9 Letter of Transmittal—F. Julius Fohs...................11

Jan 1, 1927

By A. J. Shaler, B. F. Oliver

Jan 1, 1961

By W. G. Matteson

IN 1915, the State of California passed a law of great scope and importance. This law has been in successful operation for., year and may be briefly described as an act "establishing and creating a department of. the State Mining Bureau for the protection of the natural resources of petroleum and gas from waste and destruction through improper operations in production; providing for the inspection of petroleum and gas wells; requiring all persons operating petroleum and gas wells to make certain reports" and providing the necessary officers and assessments-to carry out the provisions of the act. The statute provides for a separate department of the State Mining Bureau, under the general supervision of the State mineralogist, with a staff composed of a "state oil and gas supervisor" and four deputies. It rules that all petroleum and natural gas wells shall be drilled, operated or abandoned under the supervision of the State supervisor, who shall order such tests or remedial work as seems to him necessary to protect the interests of property owners and the general public. It also provides for a board of arbitration to consider orders given by the supervisor which are not acceptable to the well owner. Section 18 of the, act, which is the provision that is directly related to, this paper, requires "the owner of any well referred to in this act to keep a careful and accurate log of the drilling of such well;" and further requires that this log shall show the character and depth of the formations passed through or encountered in the drilling, particularly the location and depth of the water-bearing strata; the character of the water encountered (so far as ascertained); whether the water was shut off, and, if so, at what point; that it shall show completely the amounts, kinds and size of casing used; the depth at which oil-bearing strata are encountered; the depth and character of the strata, and whether all water was successfully and permanently shut off so as to prevent percolation or penetration into the oil-bearing strata. -

Jan 2, 1917

By C. H. Wilson, J. J. Jakosky

In recent years geophysical prospecting methods have become well established as important steps in economically initiating new mining ventures in the field of base-metal exploration, placer mining and water-supply problems. The value of these methods as applied to these problems has been greatly increased by new and improved instruments, and a greater degree of skill in laboratory and interpretative technique. Considerable success has been attained, with subsequent drilling checking the predicted depths within 1 to 5 per cent, on problems requiring information on thickness of fill material, depth to and contour of bedrock, extent and yardage of gravels to be mined, and location of hydrostatic water table. In these applications the geophysical work gives data comparable to drilling, and at a cost of about one-fiftieth that of drilling. Discussion of several surveys with accompanying illustrations showing geophysical methods applicable to both simple and complicated placer problems are contained in the paper. The electrical instruments for measuring electromagnetic field strength and surface potentials are described, and their use, coupled with that of other geophysical instruments in modern field procedure, is noted.:

Jan 1, 1934

By A. F. Crawley

THIS paper describes part of a series of density measurements on low melting point metals being undertaken at the Mines Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa, Canada. This program has received support from the Canadian Zinc and Lead Research Committee and the International Lead and Zinc Research Organization. Examples of the type of work being done have already been given in earlier papers' , which deal with the densities of lead, tin, and some of their alloys. Densities were measured using a graphite pyc-nometer by a technique which has already been described." The cadmium and indium, supplied by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of Canada were of 99.999 pct purity. Density determinations on indium, as for lead and tin,1,2 were made under a vacuum of about 5 x 10-6 torr because the oxidation and vaporization characteristics of the metal do not create experimental difficulties. This contrasts markedly with cadmium which, even at the relatively low temperatures of our experiments, has a high vapor pressure and a strong oxidation potential. To suppress the harmful effects of these properties, determinations on cadmium were made with success under an atmosphere of argon, the technique having been previously established in this laboratory for measurements on zinc.3 The densities of cadmium and indium are listed in Table I and plotted in Figs. 1 and 2. From the graphs, it is readily observed that the densities of both metals vary linearly with temperature. This relationship expressed mathematically is of the form:

Jan 1, 1969

By Frank C. Greene

The wildcatting in northern and northwestern Missouri, which started in 1939, was continued in 1940. Two new gas fields were found and one discovered in 1939 was further extended. The total number of completions was 94, of which 5 were oil wells with about 48 bbl. initial production, 30 were gas wells with an initial open-flow capacity of 37,655,000 cu. ft., and 59 were dry holes. The outstanding discovery was the Polo gas field, T. 55 N., R. 28 and 29 W., in Caldwell County. A sand now believed to be a lens in the Bandera shale at a depth of 400 ft. yielded flows of more than 12,000,-000 cu. ft. In all, I0 wells with 31,490,000 cu. ft. of gas, were drilled. The rock pres-sure is 80 lb. At present no arrangements for an outlet have been made. In Platte County, the Prairie Point gas pool in sec. 7, T. 51 N., R. 33 W., and sec. 12, T. 51 N., R. 34 W., and the Lake-side pool in sees. 5 and 6, T. 50 N., R. 33 W., were further developed, and in the latter both oil and gas have been found, but data are not available for publication at this time. Drilling for gas continued in proven areas in Clay County, and for both oil and gas in proven areas in Jackson and Cass Counties. Table 1 summarizes the results of drilling in Missouri in 1940.

Jan 1, 1941

By Frank C. Greene

The wildcatting in northern and northwestern Missouri, which started in 1939, was continued in 1940. Two new gas fields were found and one discovered in 1939 was further extended. The total number of completions was 94, of which 5 were oil wells with about 48 bbl. initial production, 30 were gas wells with an initial open-flow capacity of 37,655,000 cu. ft., and 59 were dry holes. The outstanding discovery was the Polo gas field, T. 55 N., R. 28 and 29 W., in Caldwell County. A sand now believed to be a lens in the Bandera shale at a depth of 400 ft. yielded flows of more than 12,000,-000 cu. ft. In all, I0 wells with 31,490,000 cu. ft. of gas, were drilled. The rock pres-sure is 80 lb. At present no arrangements for an outlet have been made. In Platte County, the Prairie Point gas pool in sec. 7, T. 51 N., R. 33 W., and sec. 12, T. 51 N., R. 34 W., and the Lake-side pool in sees. 5 and 6, T. 50 N., R. 33 W., were further developed, and in the latter both oil and gas have been found, but data are not available for publication at this time. Drilling for gas continued in proven areas in Clay County, and for both oil and gas in proven areas in Jackson and Cass Counties. Table 1 summarizes the results of drilling in Missouri in 1940.

Jan 1, 1941

By A. U. Seybolt

RECENTLY, cases of coexisting ordered and disordered phase equilibria have been reported among face-centered cubic metals,1"3 but not on body-centered cubic systems.4 McQueen and Kuczynski5 showed a single line as the boundary between ordered solid solution of Fe3Al type and corresponding disordered solution in the Fe-A1 phase diagram based mainly on dilatometric and magnetic measurements. Such a single line would indicate a second or higher order transition. or an absence of coexisting order and disorder. The writer found previously a two-phase equilibrium region at 800°C consisting of ordered and disordered solid solutions of Fe3Si in a matrix of approximately 1-6 wt pct Si (Fe3Si is of 14.3 wt pct Si). A similar two-phase region of ordered and disordered Fe3Al solid solutions might be expected if the similarity between Fe3Si and Fe3Si structures hold true. In the present investigation, a wire of 22 at. pct Al, balance Fe and 0.0513 cm in diameter was subjected to electrical resistivity measurement in vacuum as a function of temperature between 300 and 800°C, see Fig. 1. There was excellent agreement between data taken on heating and on cooling: no hysteresis was observed. The Curie temperature was determined to be 640 °C which agrees with the finding by McQueen and Kuczynski.5 But in addition, there were two transitional points in the resistance-temperature plot at 510oC and 400 "C. The former is thought to be a connection with the transition from disordered state to a coexisting order and disordered equilibrium state; while the latter, from such coexisting state to ordered state. Fig. 2 shows a phase diagram where the suggested two-phase region lies between dotted lines. The solid lines are those of McQueen and Kuczynski.5 Since these authors found only a single-phase boundary between ordered and disordered Fe3 Al, it would seem likely that the dilatometric method used by these authors was not sufficiently sensitive to resolve the ordering reaction into the two-phase boundaries. In addition, their phase diagram conflicts with the statement they make on P. 1 of their paper: "The sharpness of the peaks indicates that ordering to Fe3A1 is a first order reaction." The suggestion of coexisting order plus disorder in Fe3A1 must be considered tentative until confirmed by high-temperature X-ray examination. If

Jan 1, 1961

By Fred Wise, C. W. Wark

THE Getchell mine, a comparatively recent gold discovery, is in the old Potosi mining district, Humboldt County, Nevada. All ore is mined from open pits using Diesel shovels and gasoline trucks. Two types of ore are mined, oxide and sulphide. Oxide ores are siliceous or shaly; sulphide ores either gougy, siliceous or shaly. In mining, the sulphide ore is segregated into hard and gougy ore, because the gouge must be dried before it can be crushed. The oxide ore is not segregated. GENERAL METALLURGY The oxide ore is the leached outcrop that overlies the sulphide ore body. All of the iron and arsenic sulphides found in the sulphide ores have been thoroughly oxidized. The sulphur and arsenic have been leached out while the iron is present as hematite and limonite. The oxide ore is amenable to direct cyanidation, and although no visible free gold is present it is released at a comparatively coarse grind. The sulphide ore is more refractory, since the gold is all of micron size and some of it is locked in fine sulphides. It has been established microscopically that the free gold is coated with an impervious shell, which is probably some form of iron compound. The sulphide ores contain from 1.5 to 2 per cent of arsenic, which is present as orpiment and realgar with minor amounts of arsenopyrite. The orpiment and realgar are of a later mineralization than the gold and are barren. Roasting and washing of the sulphide ore prior to cyanidation is necessary to eliminate the arsenic, to alter the gold coating from an insoluble form to a soluble form, and to release the gold associated with the fine sulphides. Washing the ground calcine in weak sulphuric acid, trona, or hot water are beneficial in the order named, but to date the water is the best from an economic standpoint. Metallurgical tests as well as plant practice indicate that a certain amount of gold cannot be recovered even by going beyond economic practices. On this basis metallurgical results are viewed in the light of an optimum tailing rather than a percentage of extraction. MILLING PRACTICE Crushing (Fig. 1).-There are three primary ore bins, one each for oxide ore, gougy sulphide ore, and hard sulphide ore. In front of each bin a substantial yard is maintained, which makes it possible to stockpile 2500 tons of oxidized ore, 1000 tons of hard sulphide ore, and 1000 tons of gougy sulphide ore. The bins are fed by a 60-hp. caterpillar bulldozer from the stockpiles. Fig. 1 shows the method and

Jan 1, 1940