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NEW YORK LOCAL SECTION Executive Committee Louis D. HUNTOON, Chairman ARTHUR S. DWIGHT, Vice-Chairman THOMAS T. READ, Secretary, Woolworth Bldg., New York, N. Y. E. MALTBY SHIPP, Treasurer GEORGE F. KUNZ W. DE L. BENEDICT Meeting, Jan. 16, .1914 A meeting of the New York Local Section of the American Institute of Mining Engineers was held at the Engineering Societies Building, 29 West 39th Street, New York City, Jan 16 1914 the Chairman, -L. D. Huntoon, presiding. Forty members weld present. In the absence of the Secretary, C. A. Bohn was appointed Secretary pro teen. N. H. Darton, Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, delivered an address on. The Occurrence of Gas in Coal, illustrated by lantern slides of charts, curves, and tables showing various features of gas occurrences. J. W. Richards, J. T. Beard, W. L. Saunders, L. D. Huntoon, and Mr. Darton participated in the discussion which followed the address. THOMAS T. READ; Secretary.

Jan 3, 1914

By Arthur Notman

THE COMMITTEE on Production Control of the Institute has accomplished little or nothing tangible during the last year. For this the chairman must accept responsibility and whatever praise or blame goes with it. However, we have all had plenty of opportunity to observe the results obtained by various producing groups in their attempts to regulate production to meet demand dur¬ing the last few years. It would be putting it mildly to say that these have not been such as to inspire confidence in the methods pursued. The present plight of the wheat, cotton, coffee and sugar growers; the oil, copper, lead, zinc and tin producers, to name a few of the unfortunates, suggests a common cause perhaps beyond their control. There is a growing tendency to question as outmoded the theories of laissez faire economics, with its laws of competition, supply and demand, with price as the automatic regulator. The position is maintained that something new should be substituted because these laws no longer work. Many solutions are offered, ranging in the world at large from the planned economy of Russia, with the profit element removed, to the military controlled economy of Fascism, and in our own country from voluntary curtailment to martial law. But one hardly feels driven by any irresistible logic to put his finger on any one of these proposals, and to say this is the one in which I believe. On turning to one's neighbors, one is still more confused by the realization that this intellectual uncertainty is wide-spread. Isolation or cooperation, protection or free trade, the gold standard, bimetallism or managed currencies, de¬flation or inflation, all have their proponents in whose eyes one or the other of these slogans will afford the panacea for all our ills.

Jan 1, 1933

For the year ending February, 1920 PRESIDENT HORACE V. WINCHELL MINNEAPOLIS, MINN PAST PRESIDENTS PHILIP N. MOORE ST. Louis, Mo. SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT A. R. LEDOUX NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE D. BARRON NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 4, 1919

For the year ending February, 1920 PRESIDENT HORACE V. WINCHELL, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. PAST PRESIDENTS PHILIP N. MOORE ST. Louis, Mo. SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT A. R. LEDOUX NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE D. BARRON NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON, NEW, YORK, N. Y.

Jan 8, 1919

Apr. 9, AIME, Chicago Section, Chicago Bar Assn., 29 S. La Salle St., Chicago. Apr. 11-12, Geological Society of America, Cordilleran Section, annual meeting, University of Arizona, Tucson. Apr. 15, AIME, Morenci Subsection, Longfellow Inn, Morenci, Ariz. Apr. 15-17, AIME, South West district meeting, Jefferson Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. Apr. 17, AIME, Utah Section, New House Hotel; Salt Lake City. Apr. 21-22, American Zinc Institute, annual meeting, Hotel Statler, St. Louis. , Apr. 21-23, Chemical, Metallurgical, and Mining Society, and Diamond Drilling Research Laboratory, symposium on diamond drilling, Johannesburg, South Africa. Apr. 22, Assn. of Consulting Chemists & Chemical Engineers, Inc., general symposium, Hotel Belmont Plaza, New York. Apr. 25-26, AIME, New England Regional Conference, Kenmore Hotel, Boston. Apr. 26-May 11, Liege International Fair, Liege, Belgium. May 4-8, Electrochemical Society, Inc., Spring meeting, Benjamin Franklin Hotel, Philadelphia.

Jan 1, 1952

By AIME AIME

Council.* PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL. ROBERT Wm. HUNT CHICAGO, ILL. (Term expires February, 1907.) VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL. WILLIAM P. BLAKE TUCSON, ARIZ. THOMAS F. COLE DULUTH, MINN. IRVING A. STEARNS WILKES-BARRE, PA. (Term expires February, 1907.) HENRY M . HOWE NEW YORK, N. Y. J. B. GRANT DENVER, COLO. JAMES D. HAGUE NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1909.) COUNCILORS. F. L. GRAMMER BALTIMORE, MD. JOSEPH HARTSHORNE POTTSTOWN, PA. CHARLES H. SNOW NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1907.) A. A. BLOW WASHINGTON, D. C. FRANK LYMAN NEW YORK, N. Y. T. A. RICKARD SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. (Term expires February, 1908.) THEODORE DWIGHT NEW YORK, N. Y. WALTER WOOD PHILADELPHIA, PA. WM. FLEET ROBERTSON VICTORIA, B. C., CAN. (Term expires February, 1903.) SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL. R. W. RAYMOND, No. 99 John Street NEW YORK, N. Y. (Term expires February, 1907.) ASSISTANT SECRETARY AND EDITOR. JOSEPH STRUTHERS NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mar 1, 1906

By Charles A. Ashburner

The manufacturing and domestic consumers of anthracite are beginning to realize the fact more fully, that the coal purchased for any one year does not seem to burn so freely, does not fire with so little trouble, and does not last so long as that purchased during other years, or vice versa. Where coals of different sizes, or from different districts, are offered to the trade by the same or competing salesmen, the question suggests itself, which shall we buy ? Among housekeepers, who are the most numerous class of consumers, though on the smallest scale, distinction is seldom recognized among these anthracites. By other consumers the coals are grouped into those which, when burned, will produce either a white or a red ash, special qualities being arbitrarily attached to each. Others, again, know only of three varieties : (1) Those from the WYoming and LacKawanna fields, or the coals shipped from the northernmost basins over the railroads running through northeastern Pennsylvania direct to New York—notably, the Delaware. Lackawanna and Western, Delaware and Hudson, and Erie railways; (2) those shipped by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Lehigh and Susqaehanna division of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad down the Lehigh Valley ; and (3) those shipped over the main line of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad down the Schuylkill Valley. In special localities, where a favorite coal is largely used, the consumer will speak of one class, composed of his favorite coal, which possibly comes from two or three collieries, with a total aggregate annual production of less than a million tons; and of a second class, composed of the coals from all the other collieries in the anthracite

Jan 1, 1886

By M. W. BERNEWITZ

ALTHOUGH many persons know that a lot of type metal and etchings are used in the U. S. Government Printing Office few would expect to find anything on metals in the annual report of the Public Printer, George H. Carter. Yet the report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1931, contains many interesting items. For example: Among the 57,500,000 lb. of materials and supplies delivered to the printing office was little new metal, but the metal in circulation is 6,000,000 to 7,000,000 lb. In the cost of production $31,523 is charged against metal, nearly one-third for salaries and wages. In miscellaneous sales were $4,696 from waste metal and $1,147 from waste gold (from books). Electrotype and stereotype covered 11,438,314 sq. in. The vaults and storage rooms contain 1,700,000 plates and 130,000 pages of type containing 4,600,000 lb. of metal valued at $275,000. In what was known as the Congressional Globe vault were 46,000 stereotype plates; these were salvaged by remelting for other platemaking service. The Congressional Record superseded the Congressional Globe in 1873.)

Jan 1, 1932

By Y. C. Liu, G. A. Alers

The anisotropy of Young's modules has been measured in a series of Cu-Zn alloys containing from 1 to 28 wt pct Zn and cold-rolled to 97.5 pct reduction in thickness. These modulus data show a transition in texture as a function of zinc content. In alloys containing 3 pct Zn or less, the texture is essentially that of copper. A transition is clearly seen to develop in 5 and 8 pct Zn alloys, and to have been completed in a 12 pct Zn alloy. Increasing the proportion of zinc to 28 pct does not produce any further changes in texture. The ease and clarity with which this texture transition can be seen in the modulus data is in great contrast with the inccertainty in the visual detertiination of the range of texture transition from a series of pole figures. It is also shown that the rolling texture of the high zinc content alloys cannot be a one-COIIIponenl texture, characterized by the (110)(112) ideal orientations, as usually assumed. A second, quite important component must also be present. Furthermore, the present data are inconsistent with matrix orientations on which the "oriented growth" hypothesis of the Formation of recrystallization textures is based. THE rolling textures of binary fcc alloy systems have generally been considered to lie between two terminal textures. One of these terminal textures is the copper type and the other is the 70:30 brass type. Alloys of intermediate solute content exhibit a texture which is said to be a transition between the two terminal textures. On the basis of efforts to correlate rolling and recrystallization textures, two concepts have been advanced in the literature on the nature of these transition textures. One school1 suggests that the addition of alloying elements, e.g., zinc, causes a gradual rotation about one of the (111) poles from the (358)( 523) ideal orientation of the copper-type rolling texture to the terminal {1 10)( 112) ideal orientation used to describe the rolling texture of 70:30 brass. This concept is depicted in Fig. 1 with the angle of rotation corresponding approximately to the zinc content and is designated here as the "rotational concept", since the ideal orientation of the transition textures varies continuously with alloy content. The other concept,' the "mixture concept", suggests that the copper-type rolling texture is a two-component texture. {358) (523) and {110)(112). The addition of alloying elements affects only quantitatively the relative amounts of these two components—a decrease in the amount of material in the {385}(523) orientation and an increase of that in the {110)(112) orientation with increasing solute content. An experimental distinction between these two concepts is essential to a better understanding of both the mechanism of formation of rolling textures and the subsequent formation of recrystailization textures in fcc metals. Because of the lack of resolution inherent in pole figures, it has not been possible to differentiate between the two concepts on the basis of this data. Both concepts, in fact, make use of the same set of pole figures but interpret them in a manner acco-rding to the view held.'" Experimental results obtained from inverse pole figures or selected-area electron diffraction3j4 simply -yield more refined pole figures but do not eliminate the ambiguity of interpretation. Quantitative measurement of an entirely different, orientation-dependent property must thus be considered

Jan 1, 1967

By Edward H. Robie

OF the current Adirondack iron mine development, the Benson Mines operation of the Tones and Laughlin Ore Co. (Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. wholly owned subsidiary) is the last to go into operation. Following an active construction program in 1943, the mine. concentrator and sintering plant were scheduled to enter production in the fall. This description therefore cannot include any operating data, and details of equipment and flowsheet have not as yet been released.

Jan 1, 1943

For the year ending February, 1919 PRESIDENT SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. PAST PRESIDENTS L. D. RICKETTS, NEW YORK, N. Y. PHILIP N. MOORE ST -Louis, Mo FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT C. W. GOODALE, BUTTE, MONT.. TREASURER GEORGE C. STONE, NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY EMERITUS ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 6, 1918

By C. G. Rhodes, D. Kramer

The kinetics of precipitation of transient a phase during the transformation in U-16 wt pct Mo between 400° and 550°C were studied using quantitative metallography and electrica1 resistiuity measurements. The volume percent of a phase goes through a maximum in time, corresponding to a critical degree of progress of y' formation. prior to its re-solution after prolonged annealing. The fastest rate of a precipitation oc-cuvs at 500°C with a concomittant lowest peak of 9.5 vol pct a. At 450°C, 14 vol pct a, greatest fov any temperature, was observed after 24 hr witlz an associated slowest rate of formation. a precipitation at 400°C ceases after approximately 160 hr and the amount of a present remains unchanged after long times at temperature; no y' was observed metallographically at this temperature. IN the U-Mo system at 16 wt pct Mo, an ordering reaction takes place below 600°C, see Fig. 1, whereupon the random bcc solid solution, y, transforms to the ordered bct phase, y'."2 The new unit cell is constructed of three old unit cells somewhat distorted. While attempting to study the kinetics of this transformation it was observed that an unexpected phase was precipitating out early during the transformation anneal reaching appreciable amounts before disappearing after long times. The y' appeared in the presence of this new phase and after long times constituted the whole sample. Owing to the high optical activity of this unexpected phase under polarized light, it was suspected to be the a phase. Subsequent X-ray powder pictures confirmed this belief. The kinetics of a phase formation and disappearance is the subject of this paper. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A) Alloy Preparation. Alloys for this study were prepared by vacuum induction melting normal reactor grade uranium and 99.5 wt pct Mo pellets in thoria crucibles. Two ingots were prepared, and sections of the top and bottom of each ingot were chemically analyzed for uranium and molybdenum content. The results of the analyses appear in Table I. B) Metallography. Samples of 16M were wrapped in tantalum foil, sealed in evacuated (5 X 10"6 mm of Hg) quartz capisules, and annealed at 1110"C prior to being transferred directly to the transformation temperature. They were examined metallographically after increasing times to determine the progress of the transformation at 400°, 450°, 500°, and 550°C. The samples were prepared for metallographic examination by mechanical polishing with diamond paste and electrolytic polishing with a solution of glacial acetic acid and chromic acid. Since the y' phase is tetragonal, its presence can be detected by viewing the sample in polarized light. To increase the contrast between y' plates, the samples were electro-etched in a 10 pct oxalic acid solution. To reveal a phase in bright field (it can be seen in polarized light in the "as-polished" state), the samples were electro-etched in a solution of citric acid and nitric acid. To determine the vol pct a phase, a variation of the one dimensional systematic point count method as described by Hilliard and cahn3 was used. The

Jan 1, 1962

By PHILIP N. MOORE

THE problem of managing the policies of the Institute so that a middle course may be drawn between the close control of a few who are so situated that they can give continuing attention and intermittent control by occasionally present directors presentation .of the subject is to bring clearly before the membership of the Institute a summary of the attendance at the Directors' meetings for the past four years.

Jan 1, 1924

By L. C. WYMAN

THIS paper discusses what mining reports should contain when presented to the California State Corporation Department, to accompany applications for the sale of stock to the general public, but the principles involved apply to mine financing everywhere. Such reports should 'be as clear and concise as possible, endeavoring to tell the truth in as few words as necessary. Should the engineer be aware that his report is to be used in connection with the sale of stock to the general public, he should consider the public as his client as well as the person who actually employs him. It is always required that the engineer be favorably known and of recognized standing. The following points should be given careful attention : 1. A legal description and location of the property. 2. Transportation conditions, and how they may be expected to affect the operating costs. 3. A brief history of the property, its production record as to tonnage, grade, and character of the ore should be given. Should the property have suspended operations for any reason, this should be given. Any details of former operating costs should be given, especially as to how any improvement could be made, due to better methods which might be employed.' 4. The main geological features and whether they are such as to lead the engineer to believe that the mine may possibly 'be exhausted or the ore of such grade as to be no longer profitable. If he considers them favorable, he should give his reasons for the belief that further development work may produce profitable results. A map showing these features should be submitted, and it is not necessary that such map be highly colored or contain any more than the essential matters. 5. Other mines in the district, or those with similar

Jan 1, 1929

By JOHN A. MALONEY

AS noted in the February issue of MINING AND METALLURGY, an advisory committee to the Museum of Science and Industry of Chicago was authorized by the Institute's Board of Directors, with W. R. Wright of Chicago, former Director of the Institute, as chairman. Since that time the committee has been undergoing organization, and held its initial meeting at the Museum offices in Chicago on April 11 and 12. Functioning as consultants to the Geology and Mineral Industries branch of this new institution, the advisory committee is aiding in building an exhibit which will tell the story of geology, mining, and metallurgy to millions of visitors a year. Although patterned to some extent

Jan 1, 1932

J. E. Stead, Middlesborough, England (communication to the author): Prof. Howe's valuable paper on cast-iron brings forward most prominently the correct explanation of the part played by combined carbon in pearlite and cementite, in determining the strength and hardness of cast-iron. On a previous occasioil I have shown that castings made by melting a white Cleveland iron and glazed iron, one containing 1.5 and the other from 4 to 5 per cent. of silicon, and each about 3 per cent. of carbon, were stronger than those made of ordinary foundry-iron; the difference in the final castings being a differ-

Jan 1, 1902

"NAME…""Utah"" is derived from the name of the Indian tribe, variously spelled ""Yuta, “Ute"" ""Youta,"" ""Uta,"" ""Eutaw,"" and finally ""Utah."" It means ""in the tops of the mountains,"" or ""on the heights."" The state emblem is the ""Beehive,"" typical of industry. State nickname is ""Beehive State.""AREA…Utah is the tenth state in area. It contains 84,990 square miles, of which 2,806 miles are water. When admitted as a territory in 1850, Utah included all the area from the east line of California to the summit of the Rocky Mountains between the 37th and 42nd parallels, which embraced practically all of the present state of Nevada, all of western Colorado, part of Idaho and part of Wyoming, in addition to the present area of Utah.TOPOGRAPHY…Utah is generally mountainous, with several main ranges and also detached groups of mountains. The valleys are broad and level. The mean altitude of the state is 6,100 feet above sea level, which makes the state the third highest of the Union. The highest point in Utah is King's Peak (13,498) in the Uinta range. The lowest point is Beaverdam Creek (2,000) in Washington county.CLIMATE…The climate is diversified between mild temperate in the northern portion to semitropical in the southern portion. There are four distinct seasons. Snowfall is heavy at the greater altitudes and rare in the southern portion. Rainfall is moderate throughout the state. Extremes of heat and cold are unusual."

Jan 1, 1925

By Howard N. Eavenson

TWO months ago, just after the coal code hearing in Washington, one of our leading liberal weeklies printed a study of the coal industry made by an economist in the Administration, and on the outside cover bad it featured as "Coal-A Dying Industry." There are, of course, different opinions as to the accuracy of this characterization and I want to present some of the facts about the outlook for the bituminous industry for a short time ahead. In view of what has happened in the industry within the recent past it would be futile to attempt to make any prophecy about what is likely to occur in the future. We all know that a prophet is not without honor save in his own country, but it is likely that anyone undertaking this role about this industry would soon find himself in no man's land. One can, with some slight degree of safety perhaps, outline present conditions and tendencies and draw some inferences as to what the future may hold.

Jan 1, 1933

The meeting of the Institute at St. Louis brought together many members of the Women's Auxiliary, and Mrs. Philip N. Moore, who was nominated as the Director for the St. Louis Section, took the occasion formally to inaugurate the organization in that district. A meeting was held at the Planters Hotel, anti after discussion as to, the aims and objects of the. Auxiliary, officers were nominated for the' Section; the meeting then adjourned for two days, to he resumed in Joplin.. Here a very successful meeting was held, at which the Vice-Chairman, Secretary, and Treasurer were elected. A great deal of interest was arouse under the able directorship of Mrs. Moore the St. Louis Section is likely to become a large and active organization. The president of the Women's Auxiliary, in opening the meetings, told the ladies present of the inauguration of-the-Society in February, 1917, and of the work which had been accomplished up to date. She told how the Society devotes itself to patriotic and humanitarian work along lines acceptable and interesting to the Mining Engineer, standing always alongside and behind the men of the profession. The Central Welfare Committee of the organization has three Sub-Committees: Foreign Relief, Emergency, and Americanization, and under one or other of those heads most of the work of the' Society has been done. Mr. Hoover was responsible for the inception of the Foreign Relief Committee, as its first work was the collection of funds for the supplementary meals for the Belgian Children. Under the energetic administration of Mrs. H. Knox, this sub-committee raised $12,100 in the period between the February meeting and the Declaration of war by the United States, when our government took over the entire duty of feeding starving Belgium. The organization of the Belgian Relief Committee, as it was styled, still remains, but the members are now asked to take up the question of relief in France. The President, Mrs. S. J. Jennings suggested at the St. Louis meetings that one way of working for the foreign relief alight be that all the members of the Auxiliary should, during the period of the war, forego all giving' and receiving of Christmas presents, except those they have been accustomed to give to the poor or in charity, and those they would give to the men in the services of the United States; that the money usually spent on the Christmas gifts should be put into a fund to be sent abroad for the fatherless children of France, as a gift from the families of the Institute. A good deal of discussion followed this proposal, as some of the ladies felt that children should have their Christmas gifts as usual. The Director of the Section emphasized the truth that the Christmas spirit was the .spirit of giving and sacrifice, and that no sacri-

Jan 1, 1918

The following is a list of members who died in 1928. It is compiled from reports to the Secretary's office. Biographical sketches published in Mining and Metallurgy are indicated in the last two columns. Issue Containing Year or Date or Biography Election Name Death 1928 Page 1914 Adams. David T.................... July 22 October 471 1905 Aguilera. Pedro................... May 3 October 469 1902 Althouse, H. W.................... NOV. 3 December 559 1920 Averill: C. C...................... July 9 October 471 1915 Baldwin, C. Kemble............... Aug. 9 October 471 1926 Barquist, Walter C............... NOV. 14 June 298 Barron,* Clarence Walker......... Oct. 2 November 511 1917 Beasley, Fred E.................... Aug. 31 October 471 1901 Belden, S. B....................... May 15 July 333 1927 Binney, Edwin, Jr.................. Dec. 29 February 96 1915 Bonsall, James Malcolm............ Feb. 12 June 284 1917 Boyle, John....................... July 12 December 561 1913 BradEn, Eugene B............. Jan. 29 March 157 1889 Bulkley, Frank.................... Mar. 25 May 240 1896 Callaghan, J. T., Jr............... Apr. 1 1892 Chalmers, George.................. Feb. 4 April 197 1898 Clark, Josiah H.................. May 7 July 333 1887 Copeland, F. K............. Nov. 10 December 561 1915 Cunningham, B. L11............... Dec. 6 August 294 1888 Dana, R. T........................ Aug. 20 December 559 1907 Dennis, Clifford G............... Dec. 28 March 1 1920 DeVenny, Thomas................ Feb. 13 April 197 1882 d'Invillier-, Edward V........... Jan. 4 March 157 1884 Duncan, M. M..................... Dec. 17 February 96 1924 Dyrssen, WaldemaR ............... Aug. 4 October 471 1906 Edmondson. H. W................ Dec. 21 February 1884 Emmerton, F. A.................. Oct. 9 June 298 1911 Eu, S. H............................ July 20 February 1917 Farrand, Ira W.................... Sept. 6 October 469 1900 Fell, E. Nelson...........•......... Mar. 25 May 231 1918 Fenton, Clarence M.............. October Junet 298 1908 Ferraris, Erminio................. Sept. 22 June 298 1914 Galloway. A. D. R............... December April 215 1924 Grant, A. W., Jr................... .4pr. 5 June 285 1917 Grant, Clifford G............... Jan. 26 January? 37 1918 Grant, Frank E.............. Jan. 14 September 417 1921 Gunderoth, C. J.................. Feb. 15 1897 Harms, Ernest..................... Aug. 12 November 512 1891 Hartrick, J. S..................... Feb. 9 June 285 1925 Hochschild, Berthold.............. Jan. 24 April 197 1917 Hutton, L. W...................... NOV. 3 January 37 1894 Jenning", S. J...................... NOV. 17 December 560 1925 Jones, J. Ravenscroft............... Jan. 29 March 157 1880 Jones, J. T......................... May 4 June 284

Jan 1, 1929