Search Documents

By Charles E. Locke

SHARP CONTRAST exists in the reports so helpfully contributed by the individual members of the Milling Committee for this review. Those engaged in the milling of gold and silver ores report great activity, of which some details will be given later. Those engaged in milling ores of base metals report continued depression and little progress. Copper production in the United States is running at about fifteen per cent of capacity. Some Arizona copper mills are closed. Anaconda is milling about 45.000 tons of copper ore per month, and the Utah Copper Co. 35,000 monthly. However, in Canada the International and Falconhridge copper-nickel mills and the Noranda copper-gold mill have increased production. Also the Climax molybdenum mill in Colorado is milling 4000 tons per day. Water shortage from the drought has caused curtailment or complete shutdown of mills in some parts of the West.

Jan 1, 1935

By J. E. Lamar

THAT Illinois is an important mineral producing state is well known. A value of over $237,000,000 for the mineral products in 1926 indicates the magnitude of the industries. Coal mining is the largest mineral industry, and the value of its product was about 63 per cent of the total mineral production of the state. Oil and gas constituted about 8 per cent and the non-metallic minerals about 29 per cent. This 29 per cent represents the production of a varied group of mineral industries of wide geographic distribution through the state.

Jan 1, 1929

By W. O. Hotchkiss

RECOVERY and profits in the mining business do not go hand in hand. Some part of an orebody can usually be recovered at a lower cost per ton than the whole orebody or a higher proportion of it. Similarly, the total of the profits that may be made from mining an orebody is in itself not a true measure of the value of the business. The yardstick for money value should be present worth, and this is particularly so for purposes of com-parison. A simple example, well within the bounds of practicability, illustrates these points: Assume a mine to have known ore reserves of 4,000,000 tons. The ore is of uniform grade but is so situated that 1,000,000 tons could be mined more cheaply than the remainder. Present operations are on the basis of complete recovery of the ores. Output is 100,000 tons per year at a profit of $1 per ton. It is estimated that the 1,000,000 tons of readily accessible ore could be mined at the same production rate but at a profit of $2 per ton. For an output of 100,000 tons each year at a profit of $1.00 per ton, the mine will have a life of 40 years; will produce $4,000,000 of total profit, and, at Hoskold rates of 8 and 4 per cent, will have a present value of $1,104,690. If only the easy one-quarter of the ore is considered, with an output of 100,000 tons each year, at a profit of $2.00 per ton, that part of the mine will have a life of 10 years, will produce total profits of $2,000,000, and at rates of 8 and 4 per cent will have a present value of $1,224,800. . Under conditions such as these, then, one-quarter of the reserve ore promptly mined is worth some 10 per cent more than the entire reserve would be on an average basis extending over the longer period. Assume further that one-half, or 2,000,000 tons, of the reserves could be promptly mined at the same yearly rate of 100,000 tons at a profit of $1.50 per ton. Then this part of the mine would have a life of 20 years, would produce total profits of $3,000,000, and would have a present value of $1,320,630; approximately 20 per cent greater than for the whole ore-body on an average basis for the longer period.

Jan 1, 1936

By Helmut Thielsch

IN recent years an ever increasing amount of interest has been directed toward research studying the principles and various applications of sonic and supersonic waves. Though still in their early stages of practical development, sonic vibrations are already used in the emulsification and degasification of liquids. Metals exposed to sonic or ultrasonic vibrations while solidifying show a considerable amount of grain refinement. Often sound waves are applied instead of radiography to test engineering materials for internal cracks and flaws.1 In the field of pure research these waves are used in dispersion and also in coagulation of particles or liquids in gaseous or, under certain conditions, in other liquid systems. In the settling and thickening of slurries considerable time is necessary to compress the solid particles and to squeeze out the liquid to obtain as low a dilution (liquid to solid ratio) as possible. Various methods have been developed to increase the amount of coagulation of the very fine solids (colloidal or semicolloidal) and to shorten the over-all time. The addition of small amounts of electrolytes and the warming of the suspension represent merely the more important techniques. Some of the effects of supersonic vibrations have been reported previously.2,6 From preliminary studies, therefore, it was hoped that by application of sonic vibrations it would be possible to reduce the time required to thicken such materials to a specific dilution, as well as to thicken to lower ultimate dilutions than could be obtained by quiescent settling alone. By increasing the volume thickened per unit time-i.e., improving the plant efficiency-great savings in equipment and time would be obtained for industrial processes. Also, faster settling rates should result if coagulation of particles could be increased. Experiments have been conducted for a period of several months in the Allis-Chalmers laboratory to study the effect of sonic vibrations on settling of particles of different sizes and concentrations. APPARATUS The sedimentation apparatus used in these experiments is illustrated in Figs. I and 2. The essential features are the stationary field coil and the movable voice coil. Both windings are placed around a solid iron core. A leather diaphragm connected to the steel frame holds the voice coil in place. A brass rod is fastened to the voice coil with a metal disk connected to the other end. This disk is sealed to the lucite cylinder with a flexible rubber diaphragm. The lucite tube is 17 in. long; its inner diameter is 2 ½in. and the wall thickness is ¼ in. The tube is calibrated on the outside in 10 c.c. divisions for a total of 1000 cubic centimeters.

Jan 1, 1946

By Williams, J. A.

THE Alaska Juneau mine has been developed through an adit driven at the elevation of the top of the mill and all mining is done above this main haulage level. As a result of wholesa1e"mining operations about 11,000 tons rock containing one dollar' per ton in gold is, hauled to the. concentrator during every 24 hr. Due to the method of mining, whereby a system of oreways delivers-the.ore direct from the stope to the bottom level of the mine, no tramming of ore is done on any of the upper levels. However, ;in doing exploratory drifting and crosscutting on the upper levels, the broken material is trammed by hand in 1-ton 18-in. gage cars to a nearby raise connecting with one of the several oreways. This constitutes the only tramming operation except that on the main level.

Jan 1, 1931

By F. C. Noyes

DAME Nature was in a generous mood when she distributed widely over the face of the globe numerous deposits of phosphate rock from which man can make phosphatic festiIizer to replace the phosphate re- moved from the soil by crops. The principal deposits are readily accessible to the world's greatest consuming areas and most of them are such that mining operations can be carried on at relatively low cost. The world's known reserves shown in Table 1 are sufficient to last well over 2000 gears at the present rate of consumption. Before giving a brief outline of the phosphate rock industry of foreign countries let us try to get a picture of the movement of phosphate rock throughout the world in 1938, the last full normal calendar year where it came from and where it was consumed. Table 2 shows the origin and finial destination of world shipments in 1938 by grand divisions. Table 3 (p. 499) shows shipment9 of phosphte rock to each country in Europe. Europe is seen to be by far the world's greatest market and the French North African mines the world's most important producers outside of the U. S. A.

Jan 1, 1944

By Walter C, Smith

Metallic bismuth was known in the Middle Ages and the name is supposed to come from the German Wismut. The origin of the German name is uncertain. References to bismuth are found in the writings of Valentine, Paracelsus, and Agricola between 1450 and 1550. Early specimens of bismuth were very impure and often were confused with antimony, tin, and zinc. About the middle of the eighteenth century, J. H. Pott, C. J. Geoffroy, and Torbern Bergman succeeded in producing fairly pure bismuth and showed it to be an elementary metal similar in many respects to lead.

Jan 1, 1953

By W. P. Barba

IN THE early summer of 1917, it became evident that the then existing sources of supply of guns and gun forgings were totally inadequate for the enormous and rapidly growing requirements of the Ordnance Department of the Army, so arrangements were made with sixteen makers of other products to take up the manufacture of guns and gun forgings. Nine of these makers were required to produce their own steel from the raw materials and convert it into rough machined gun forgings; the others finished and assembled these forgings into completed guns. In December, 1914, four of these makers of steel and rough gun forgings were instructed to manufacture the same amount of the 6-in. and 9.5-in. guns and howitzers. It, therefore, seemed practical .and profitable to assemble these makers into a small group, together with the officers of the Ordnance Department, and provide standard 'equipment in each of the four works for the production of these two types of guns. The advantages of this cooperation were immediately manifested, and there commenced an interchange of shop practice and a free discussion of facilities and methods that covered not only the equipment but the manufacturing processes.

Jan 1, 1920

By R. B. Mears, G. F. Sagar, R. H. Brown

There are well recognized procedures for determining the various tensile, fatigue, and other mechanical properties of the common structural materials. This makes it possible for engineers to design structures of various materials which have adequate initial strength to stand the stresses to which they are subjected in service. There is also considerable general information about protective measures suitable for protecting the usual structural materials from the effects of ordinary environments. However, often insufficient quantitative information is available on the combined effects of stress and corrosion to permit the designer satisfactorily to appraise the structure from the stress-corrosion standpoint. This situation is further complicated by the fact that the stresses causing stress¬corrosion failures are usually not the design stresses but rather the residual forming and assembly stresses which are generally of unknown magnitudes. Thus, tests which will rapidly evaluate the susceptibility of materials to stress-cor¬rosion failures are extremely useful. Of particular value are tests which can be applied to built-up structures as well as to simple specimens, since, as mentioned above, residual stresses often are caused by fabricating procedures and assembly operations. The present paper contains

Jan 1, 1945

Extractive Metallurgy Division Institute of Metals Division Iron and Steel Division OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES W R Hibbard, Jr , President J C Kinnear, Jr , Past President John Chipman, Vice-President T D Jones, Treasurer R W Shearman, Secretary AIME, 29 West 39th Street New York 18, N Y

Jan 1, 1958

President-Mrs John R C Mann, 90 Edgemont Road, Scarsdale, N Y First Vice-President-Mrs Earl H Bunce, Residence Park, Palmerton, Pa Second Vice-President-Mrs. W Clifford Bowden, Jr, 800 Midland Road, Oradell, N J Third Vice-President-Mrs F Edgar Kudlich, 521 Rutter Ave, Kingston, Pa

Jan 1, 1958

By B. A. Kulp, R. R. Reeber

Lattice parameters for the wurtzite form of' CdS mere measured by powder X-ray diffraction techniques over the temperature range 26° to 1000 K'. A negative thermal -expansion coefficient was determined parallel and perpendicular to the c axis below 13.5°K. Near 808°K, the curves of the a, parameter, the differential thermal expansion, and the resistivitv vs absolute temperature exhibited a reversible discontinuity. j\. direct determination of the lattice parameters of CdS over an extended temperature range is of particular use in interpretation of the effects of high pressure on the band structure of semiconductor materials. For example, Langer' has studied the effects of pressure on the absorption edge of CdS from 77°K to room temperature. In order to properly interpret his results it is necessary to know the change in lattice constants as a function of temperature for the wurtzite, zincblende, and rocksalt2 modifications of this material. Thermal-expansion measurements for CdS, wurtzite phase, have previously been determined over a limited temperature range.s74'5 The zincblende phases, of other compounds with similar bonding, have been investigated by Novikova et a! .'' Previous thermal-expansion measurements for metals with hexagonal symmetry have for the most part used bulk sample techniques for low-temperature result. Most X-ray measurements at low temperature have been on materials with cubic symmetry.'jQ The use of X-ray powder-diffraction techniques offers a convenient and accurate method of measurement over a wide temperature range. The X-ray method, besides measuring unit cell size, also provides information about change in structure type and the nature of some of the stacking defects present. I) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The thermal expansion was measured by X-ray powder-diffraction techniques. Lattice parameters for the range 300" to 1000°K were determined in a 19-cm Unicam camera. From 26" to 300°K a 34-cm back-reflection camera with the Van Arkel" film arrangement was used. The sample was bonded to a copper cold finger below a helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, dry ice, or ice brine bath in a metal cryistat. che inner bath was surrounded by another one for radiation shielding. Nitrogen was used in this outer bath for the very low-temperature runs while dry ice and acetone was used for the 195°K point. CuKa X-rays, filtered with a nickel foil, entered the cryostat through a 0.001-in.-thick aluminum window. During a typical 9-hr exposure the sample was continuously rotated through a 30-deg arc. Heat losses from the sample holder limited the minimum temperature attained to 26°K with helium in the inner dewar. Temperature calibration between 25" and 125°K was determined with an Allen Bradley 300-ohm carbon resistor. The resistor was attached to the back of the copper finger with a thin layer of silicone grease. Liquid He, HZ, N2, and O2 baths were used to calibrate the resistor. Temperature variation is estimated to be *2"K with a slightly higher uncertainty at room temperature and 264°K. The thermal expansion of high-purity germanium from 373" to 900°K was measured as a calibration for the Unicam camera. This value was compared with the known value1' for the thermal expansion. A discontinuity in the thermal-expansion coefficient of the CdS a, parameter was observed. Similar discontinuities in the resistivity and differential thermal analysis at the same absolute temperature indicate that the temperature error is *5°K in the temperature range above 500°K. Temperature errors in the Unicam camera below 500°K are appreciably higher due to large gradients in the resistance furnace. II) SAMPLE PREPARATION The CdS was Eagle Picher ultrapure grade. The crystallite size range of the as-received powder

Jan 1, 1965

By J. B. Coher, M. B. Bever

COLD work destroys long-range order, as was first observed by Dehlinger and Graf.1 Dahl2 showed that the mechanical disordering caused by cold work produces changes in those properties that are affected by long-range order. The existence of order has a marked effect on tile manner in which an alloy deforms and therefore on its mechanical properties.L' The relation between order and deformation behavior however, is only beginning to be understood. Seemann and G1ander4 suggested that cold work reduces an ordered alloy to a kind of gruel of antiphase domains. According to Cottrell,5 superdis-locations and pairs of dislocations in a slip plane connected by a strip of anti-phase domain boundary provide deformation mechanisms which do not change the state of order. In general, however, slip may be expected to produce new domain boundaries and destroy order if dislocations move on intersecting planes or cut through existing domain boundaries. The yield strength of an ordered alloy may pass through a maximum with decreasing domain size.5"7 The reduction of domain size resulting from cold work may, therefore, lead to a maximum in strength properties. Flinn8 suggests that dislocations can climb by short-range diffusion during deformation and thus can generate domain boundaries not only on slip planes, but also on other planes which will be those with the lowest domain-boundary energy. It has long been known that the rate of strain hardening of an alloy in the ordered state is larger than in the disordered state.3'9 Also the slip bands in ordered CU3, AU10 and Ni3Mn" are finer than in the disordered alloys. The stress which causes initial yielding in Cu,Au passes through a maximum with decreasing domain size.6'12 A maximum has also been observed in the hardness of ordered Ni3Mn as a function of strain.' These observations suggest, but do not prove, that domain size reduction occurs during deformation. According to Fisher13 slip destroys short-range order and thus the strength of an alloy is related to the degree of short-range order present. Rudman and Averbach14 and Averbach et a1.,15 demonstrated that cold work reduces short-range order in copper-gold and gold-silver alloys. Destruction of long-range and short-range order by cold work implies slip on an appreciable fraction of planes. Yielding of an alloy in which short-range order exists or antiphase domain boundaries are present should be discontinuous because the first dislocations moving across the slip plane meet with the largest resistance.5 Such discontinuous yielding has been observed in CU3AU6,16 and Cuzn.l7 This phenomenon, however, can also be explained by mechanisms not involving order.b The published investigations of the effects of cold work on alloys with long-range or short-range order have not been covered thoroughly in reviews of order-disorder phenomena. These investigations, therefore, will be listed here. They have been concerned with strength properties> 2,3,6,8,9,12,16-21 electrical resistivity,2,4,18,19,21-26: thermoelectric power, magnetic properties,2,18,21,26 and X-ray strain'1,2,14,15,27,28 The slip systems and the appearance of the microstructure after deformation in ordered and disordered alloys have also been investigated. 6.10.ll,l7,23,29,30 The alloys used in these investigations were copper-gold. 1-4,6,9,10,14,16,18 23-26,28,29 copper-zinc. L7. 19. 20,30 nickel-manganese,2 11,21 iron-aluminum. iron-nickel,' copper palladium,4,18,22 gold-silver.4,18,22 and palladium-silver-copper.4 In the work reported here. the changes in properties of polycrystalline Cu3Au were investigated as functions of strain in wire drawing and rolling. Specimens were heat treated before deformation

Jan 1, 1961

By W. L. Saunders

(New Haven Meeting, February, 1909.) This paper deals specifically with heading-driving as distinguished from the broader term tunnel-driving. A heading is a pilot or path-finder for the main tunnel. Some headings are complete tunnels in themselves; that is, conditions at times warrant driving a heading the full diameter of the proposed tunnel. A tunnel 10 ft. in diameter might be driven to advantage through a single heading, provided the nature of the material admits, but it usually pays to drive rock tunnels of large diameter through the heading-and-bench system. Much de-pends upon the material, as in soft ground tunnels of much larger diameter are driven in a single heading. In mines, the tunnels, drifts, cross-cuts, adits, etc., are usually of small diameter, hence the driving of headings applies to completed tunnels in minim-work, except, of course, in cases like drainage-tunnels and main entries leading into coal-mines, where conditions call for tunnels of large diameter, approximating those driven for railway-service. In building aqueducts the tunnels are driven from 6 to 8 ft. in diameter up to 15 or 20 ft., while in railway-service the dimensions vary from 18 to 30 ft. in diameter. There is no department of rock-excavation so difficult as that of heading-driving. This work. also belongs to the most expensive class in rock-excavation. A heading is driven .directly in the solid. There are no lines of lesser resistance towards which to direct the energy of the blast, but. the material must be blown out by main force. The completion of the heading simplifies all the rest of the work of excavation. It is easy, for instance, to enlarge a heading either from above, below or oil the sides, by breaking towards the open face through holes approximately at right angles to the axis of the heading; or the enlargement sometimes takes place by holes driven outside

Apr 1, 1909

By E. P. Mathewson

A Discussion of the Paper of E. P. Mathewson, presented at the New York Meeting, April, 1907, and printed in Bi-Monthly Bulletin, No. 13, January, 1907, pp. 7 to 14. PROF. HENRY M. HOWE, New York, N. Y. (communication to the Secretary *) :-The results presented in Mr. Mathewson's paper are of very great interest. Perhaps the most interesting is that shown in Table I. and Fig. 1, in which the arsenic decreases in 10 min, from 0.22 to 0.07 per cent. This is such a large decrease that it is to be hoped that Mr. Mathewson will verify it by repeating his tests with a matte of similar composition. This is particularly to be desired, because the simultaneous removal of sulphur appears to be very small. All three blows further agree in showing that the removal of arsenic is in the very early part of the blow. The fact that the removal of arsenic then ceases abruptly cannot be explained completely by the fact that the arsenic has fallen so low as by its lowness to resist further removal, because in the first blow the arsenic becomes stationary at 0.06 per cent., whereas in the third blow it does not become stationary until it has fallen to 0.034 per cent. The abrupt ending of the re¬moval of arsenic is more likely to find its explanation in the composition of the slag, and it is to be hoped that. Mr. Mathewson will supplement these extremely valuable data with others in which the composition of the slag at the same time shall be given. The sudden rise of arsenic toward the end of the third blow I suppose must be referred to an error in sampling or analysis. Mr. Mathewson speaks on page 14 of the "percentages of iron . . . volatilized during the first period." Is it his meaning that all this iron is really volatilized, or does he mean that the iron is scorified and the sulphur volatilized ?

Jul 1, 1907

By P. K. STRONG

AS an evidence of the fact that mines safety is not being neglected even in the remote district of the Philippines, a short account is appended of the organization and activities of the Mambulao-Paracale District First Aid and Mine, Rescue Association, whose headquarters are at Jose Panganiban Cam, Norte P. I. The second annual miner?s safety celebration which is sponsored by the Association was held in Paracale on Sept. 2, 1940. The event is the big occasion of the year when the thousands of employees of the mines in the district meet to compete for prizes and has become a great social function as well.=

Jan 1, 1941

By R. E. Zimmerman

Wide attention is being placed upon various methods for cleaning the fine sizes of bituminous coals. The author describes and analyzes the results achieved on wet concentrating .tables of modern design on unclassified feeds of - 1/2 in. particle sizes, including tests on high-sulphur coals.

Jan 1, 1950

By ERJIINICI FERRARIS

1. HISTORICAL REVIEW AND INTRODUCTION. THE development of the mining industry in Sardinia dates from the application of the minim law of 1859, which, following the example of the French mining law of 1810, declared prospecting to be free, and suppressed the liens which had previously attached the mine to surface ownership. The first ore-dressing plants were installed by German engineers upon the classic models of the Harz and of Freiberg; but in 1880 Sardinia commenced to open a new path in that industry, utilizing the refuse from the mining of rich, selected minerals, of poor deposits, and of mixed ores. The first experiments were attempts to adapt the existing apparatus to local conditions, but progress was rapid, as was demonstrated already in 1887 by the calamine-dressing-mill of Monteponi, which exhibited a large plant designed in accordance with the experience gained, and constructed entirely in the machine-shops of the country, after new models and designs.1 This example was followed two years later by the Société Malfidano, with a large plant of the same sort, and with the reconstruction of the old-fashioned-dressing-mill, built in 1880 by the Austro-Belgian Company. In 1900, almost all the mines of Sardinia had adopted the new designs, and the island contained 32 concentrating-works, employing 2,000 h.p. and 1,924 workmen. Since that time, there have been added a large dressing-mill for blende at Gennamari, and two for calamine, at San Giovanni and at Masua, while the establishments at other mines have been enlarged and perfected. For the treatment of intimately mixed ores, a large establishment has been built upon the new

Jan 5, 1908

By J. G. Savins

Certain types of macromolecules added to water and salt solutions flowing in turbulent motion can reduce the pressure gradient. Alternatively, the volumetric capacity of a pipe for these fluids is increased by the presence of these materials. Examples presented show that the drag reduction can become significant. Thus, the presence of 0.28 per cent of a gum derivative in a solution of sodium chloride flowing at 200 gal/min in a 1.89-in. pipe yields a pressure drop which is 0.44 of the single-phase drop measured under the same conditions of turbulent flow; the addition of 0.1 per cent of a vinyl derivative to a I-in. water line yields a throughput capacity which is 1.78 of the single-phase capacity at the same pressure drop. It is further shown that these phenomena are distinctly different from previous observations with other classes of non-Newtonian systems. There a simple lowering of friction factors below the levels predicted from the resistance laws for Newtonian fluids is associated with a suppression of turbulent motion. A rational physical explanation for drag reduction is advanced. Briefly, the proposed mechanism is a storage by the molecular elastic elements of the macromolecules in solution of the kinetic energy of the turbulent motion. INTRODUCTION This study was inspired by a recent review of some paradoxical drag reduction phenomena in turbulent pipe f1ow.I Under very moderate conditions of turbulent flow, the pressure gradient necessary to pump solutions containing certain specific kinds of polymers, fibers and metallic soaps may become appreciably lower than that required* to pump the solvent, i.e., water or a low-viscosity hydrocarbon, under identical flow rates in the same conduit. As shown by our review, this phenomenon of drag reduction in turbulent duct flow was first noted during the second world war, apparently arising in connection with the development of flame warfare weapons. Since that time several papers illustrating this phenomenon have appeared: Toms, Oldroyd,3 Agoston et al., Bundrant and Matthews, Robertson and Mason,6 Ousterhout and Hall,7 Daily and Bugliarello~ Lummus, Anderson, and Fox. 9 That there are practical applications for techniques which increase discharge or decrease the pressure necessary to transport a liquid through a pipeline is illustrated in the patents which have issued which take advantage of this peculiar phenomenon, e.g., Mysels,l0 Dever, Harbour, and Seifert.11 One also finds fragmentary evidence of this effect in the data pertaining to a few of the polymeric solutions studied by Shaver12 and Dodge.13 However, these investigators were concerned with the development of friction factor vs Reynolds number correlations for a variety of non-Newtonian solutions and suspensions, rather than in a study of drag reduction-. A similar kind of drag reduction effect has been observed in gases. Sproull, for example, reports that adding dust to air flowing in turbulent motion through a pipe results in a lowering of the pressure gradient at identical flow rates. There are also military applications for reducing the drag on hydrodynamic vehicles. For example, the possibility of injecting a rheologically complex fluid into the boundary layers of bodies to reduce the skin friction has been investigated by Fabulal5 and Granville.16 Along somewhat different lines are the drag reduction studies of Kramer.17118 He has shown that skin friction can be reduced by covering the surface of a vehicle with a flexible skin. The effect is apparently due to the boundary layer being stabilized by the presence of the skin. Drag reduction by means of coexisting gas and liquid boundary layers, e.g., film boiling and continuous gas injection, has been proposed by Bradfield, Barkdoll, and Byrne,19 Cess and Sparrow,20'21 Sparrow, Jonsson, and Eckert.22 Here the skin friction occurs between a vapor and a surface rather than between a liquid and a surface. There are several references in the literature to friction-factor correlations for non-Newtonian solutions and suspensions: Shaver and Merri11,23 Dodge and Metzner, Clapp,25 and Thomas.26

Jan 1, 1965

Book Review MANAGEMENT AND MEN. By Meyer Bloomfield, Boston. The Century Co., New York, 1919, pp. 584, H.X. 5 1/2. $3.50. This hook is an exposition of English efforts to solve the problem of labor unrest in England. The first six chapters are reprinted from articles published in the Satur-day Evening Post, for whom the author went to England to study the problem at first hand. These articles deal with housing, increased production, eliminating the internal friction in the industrial machine and a chapter each devoted to the view-point of employer and employee. These chapters are written in the easily readable magazine style and give a complete general survey of the particular solution being tried. Perhaps their greatest., certainly not their least, worth lies in the fact that they form a vehicle for unusually voluminous appendices containing in full the famous Whitley Reports which are the basis of the new movement, together with various reports, which, except for this publication, would be largely inaccessible to those inter-ested in this country. The Whitley scheme considers each industry a unit and proposes to establish therein a Joint Standing Industrial Council composed of representatives of employers and employees to consider appropriate matters affecting the industry at large. There is to be a District Council for each industry which will, as its name implies, deal with the clatters pertaining to that interest in. the particular district. The third and last body in this scheme of Industrial Parliament is the Works Committee, which is com-posed of representatives of the management and of the workers employed in particu-lar plants or mines to act in close cooperation With the district quid national machinery. The Whitley or similar schemes have been tried in many communities in England and the book contains interesting comments on the result obtained, it being notable that most of the objections conic from plants which have not tried the scheme. Meyer Bloomfield, the author; is the specialist in industrial personnel problems who organized the industrial service activities of the United States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation. P. E. B.

Jan 10, 1919