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NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Oct. 10 to Nov. 10, 1914: Members ADDAMS, CHARLES EDWARD, Asst. Supt.. . Ray Consolidated Copper Co., Ray, Ariz. ALEXANDER, HARRY H., Asst. Mgr. and Mgr., American Smelting & Refining Co., Maurer, N. J. ALLING, MARK,N., Min Engr Downieville, Sierra Co., Cal. ANDERSON, LESLIE DOUGLASS, Supt U. S. Smelting Co., Midvale, Utah. ATKINS, WILLIAM, JR., Sec'y Kingwood Coal Co., Howesville, W. Va. BLAKE, TRUE WALTER, Min. Engr Rombauer Coal Co., Novinger, Mo. BRACKETT, GEORGE SYLVESTER, Supt... Pittsvein Coal Co., Flemington, W. Va. BRAINERD, HOWARD STANFORD, Met Ingersoll-Rand Co., Phillipsburg, N. J. BROWN, THOMAS J., Genl. Supt., Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., Sydney Mines, N. S., Canada.

Jan 12, 1914

R. W. Raymond, New York, N. Y.: Mr. Bain's introductory statement that there is a growing disposition on the part of the public " to change emphasis " in government from political equality " to " social justice " is somewhat vague; but I gather from his argument that he approves the growing disposition to which he refers, and that the " emphasis " which it demands involves a radical change in the policy hitherto pursued by the United States—the policy under which the Pacific States and Territories have been developed thus far. I do not understand how "social justice" is to be furthered by the sacrifice of " political equality," or how the change is to be effected by "emphasis." But I fancy that the beneficent and necessary

Jan 1, 1913

By Sukune Takenouchi

Porphyry copper deposits in the southwestern Pacific region differ in some points of geologic features from those of the United States. The deposits distribute along old or active island arcs and are generally younger in age (1-16 m.y. B.P.). In Japan, however, no typical porphyry copper deposits are yet reported, though the geological situation of Japanese islands is similar to that of the southwestern Pacific. Fluid inclusions in some porphyry copper deposits In the southwestern Pacific region and those in igneous rocks genetically related to the ore deposits In Japan have been studied, and the genesis of ore-forming fluids from igneous rocks are discussed. From the results, the possibility of finding porphyry copper-type mineralization in Japan are considered.

Jan 1, 1976

By W. A. Longacre

IN the geophysical exploration program of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. on the Marquette Range of Northern Michigan, the vertical intensity magnetometer has been used to obtain magnetic anomaly maps of large areas. A network of magnetic base stations has been established and the relative vertical intensity at each station measured carefully with respect to a prime base. In the search for the relatively nonmagnetic soft red hematite ore, the magnetic exploration is indirect, involving the study of dikes, faults, contacts, and other structural features. It was found that the, magnetometer, adjusted to a scale value of approximately 40 y per scale division, was satisfactory for this type of exploration, although many magnetic anomalies were encountered that required the use of auxiliary magnets.

Jan 10, 1951

By Ingersoll Olmsted

Mr. D. H. BRowne's paper upon " The Distribution of Phosphorus in the Ludington Mine" (Trans., xvii., 616) has interested me very much, and perhaps I cannot give a better proof of that, interest than an account of my work and observations in the same direction while chemist of the Hudson River Ore and Iron Company. The ores of this company lie in a chain of low hills running northwest and southeast, about three miles back from the eastern bank of the Hudson river, below Hudson, N. Y. They occur in thick veins, with the characteristic Hudson river slate formation as hangingrock and foot-wall, and dip about 45' east, outcropping in many places near the top of the western slopes.

Jan 1, 1890

IRVING. PERRINE, Hutchinson, Kans.-I think in reading this paper one should hear in mind its relation to Dr. David White's paper on "Some Relations in Origin between Coal and Petroleum."' In that paper he discusses the relationship between the percentages of fixed carbon in the coals, the gravities of the oils, and commercial gas possibilities. His paper has a map showing certain areas which Dr. White believes to be hopeless as far as oil and gas possibilities are concerned. THE CHAIRMAN (C. W. WASHBURNE, New York, N. Y.).-I. would like to emphasize one point brought out by Professor Schuchert.2 The southern hemisphere has had an exceedingly monotonous geological his-tory, except the northern border of Africa, the eastern border of Aus-

Jan 12, 1919

Executive Committee, Board of Directors C E Reistle, Jr, Chairman, H DeWitt Smith, Vice-Chairman, T B Counselman, Grover Holt, A W Thornton Finance Committee, Board of Directors Andrew Fletcher, Chairman, R B Caples, C R Dodson Investments Erle V Daveler, '57, Chairman, Henry Krumb, '59, John E Warren, '57, G F Moulton, ex officio as Treasurer, Andrew Fletcher, ex officio as Chairman, Fi¬nance Committee Endowment W W Mein, Jr, Chairman, N G Alford, E V Daveler, W J Coulter, J V N Dorr, R B Gilmore, J B Haffner, 0 H Johnson, Henry Krumb, D H McLaughlin, J R McMillan, J B Morrow, L F Reinartz, Wilfred Sykes, C E Weed Honorary Memberships Andrew Fletcher, Chairman, L F Reinartz and H DeWitt Smith, ex officio as Past Presidents, C E Reistle, Jr , ex officio as President, M L Rai¬der, '60, Henry Krumb, '58, D H McLaughlin, '57, P D Merica, '59

Jan 1, 1956

Page McGREGOR, A. G.-Features of the New Copper Smelting Plants in Arizona. Discussed by L. D. Ricketts, E. P. Mathewson 2145 HOWARD, L. O.-The Basic-Lined Converter in the Southwest. Discussed by Walter Douglas, E. P. Mathewson, Kuno Doerr 2145 SAMUEL, J. MOORE-Determination of Dust Losses at the Copper Queen Reduction Works. Discussed by Walter Douglas, E. P. Mathewson, S. J. Jennings, C. E. Arnold, A. G. McGregor, L. D. Ricketts 2148 MORSE, H. W., AND TOBELMANN, H. A.-Leaching Tests at New Cornelia. Discussed by H. W. Morse, Lawrence Addicks, G. D. Van Arsdale, S. J. Jennings, F. S. Schimerka, C. G. Grabill, F. N. Flynn, Stuart Croasdale 2151 LAIST, FREDERICK, AND ALDRICH, HAROLD W.-The 2,000-Ton Leaching Plant at Anaconda. Discussed by F. N. Flynn, E. P. Mathewson 2159 ADDICKS, LAWRENCE-Possibilities in the Wet. Treatment of Copper Concentrates. Discussed by F. N. Flynn 2160

Jan 12, 1916

Executive SIDNEY J. JENNINGS, Chairman GEORGE D. BARRON J. E. JOHNSON, JR. EDWIN LUDLOW ROBERT M. RAYMOND Membership KARL EILERS, Chairman LEWIS W. FRANCIS J. E. JOHNSON, JR. LOUIS D. HUNTOON ARTHUR L. WALKER Finance GEORGE D. BARRON, Chairman CHARLES F. RAND BENJAMIN B. THAYER Library E. GYBBON SPILSBURY,1 Chairman ALEX C. HUMPHREYS3 GEORGE C.' STONE2 J. H. JANEWAY4 BRADLEY, STOUGHTON Papers and Publications BRADLEY STOUGHTON, Chairman

Jan 7, 1918

WM. A. COWAN, Brooklyn, N. Y. (written discussion*). -This is evidently an excellent continuation of the work described in the article "An Investigation of Fusible Tin Boiler Plugs" by Messrs. Burgess and Merica.1 The present paper gives information of much value in con-nection with the manufacture and inspection of fusible boiler plugs, and the investigation of the cooling curves of tin with various other metals close to the tin side of the diagram is very interesting. These curves corroborate in all cases, except that of antimony, the diagrams given by other investigators. However, only the liquidus curves of the thermal equilibrium diagrams are given, except for copper-tin alloys where one branch only of the solidus (representing the freezing, of the eutectic)

Jan 11, 1919

Metal Statistics, Published by the American Metal Market, 111 John St , New York, N. Y. While it is not policy to list in this directory commercial publishers of literature on mining and geology, it is felt that reference to a few standard works of wide distribution and general use should be included; particularly when those works are statistical or of a specific informatory nature Metal Statistics is a book issued annually by these publishers. It contains a general assortment of statistical information concerning the ferrous and the nonferrous metals-price quotations of the metals, tables of production, and so on It is a widely used reference The 25th Annual Edition was issued in March, 1932. The price is $2

Jan 1, 1933

By John L. Walte

Consolidation Coal Co.'s Renton mine, a 680 000-t/y (750,000-stpy) underground operation located in western Pennsylvania, has reduced the time required for overcast construction in its advancing operations by adopting a prebolting technique followed by multiple blasting. In the past, the mine's overcasts had been excavated by the continuous mining machines used to advance the section. More recently, the overcasts were blasted down and then rebolted with a stoper drill. The new system, using a two-part combination bolt, has proven very successful in speeding up overall construction time and providing more positive horizontal control in blasting. The prebolting approach allows the roof to be blasted down and loaded out without the need for rebolting the shot-out area.

Jan 6, 1978

By John S. Crandall

The mineral garnet, while ordinarily considered a semiprecious gem stone or a second-grade industrial gem, has also proved itself in the field of industrial abrasives. Its use is well known as a sand-paper grain, and as a sandblasting sand its qualities are rapidly becoming recognized in more and more industries. Production of garnet as an abrasive is confined chiefly to two areas in the United States, North Creek, N. Y., where the Barton Mines Corp. operates, and Emerald Creek, Benewah County, Idaho, where the Garnet Mines, Inc., and the Idaho Garnet Abrasive Co. with mills at Fernwood, Idaho, operate. This paper is confined to a discussion of production and marketing of garnet sand by Idaho Garnet Abrasive Co.

Jan 5, 1950

Discussion of the paper of George K. Burgess, J. J. Crowe, H. S. Rawdon, and R. G. Waltenberg, Finishing Temperatures and Properties of Rails. By Albert Sauveur, R. Trimble, William R. Webster, P. H. Dudley, George B. Waterhouse, M. H. Wickhorst, James Aston, E. F. Kenney, A. W. Gibbs, W. A. Aiken, and G. K. Burgess . . 767 Discussion of the paper of Albert Sauveur, Manganese Steel and the Allotropic Theory. By G. K. Burgess and J. E. Stead 787 Discussion of the paper of J. V. Emmons, The Surface Decarbonization of Tool Steel. By Albert Sauveur, Bradley Stoughton, E. G. Spilsbury, Oliver W. Storey, H. O. Hofman, and J. V..Emmons 790 Discussion of the paper of Richard H. Rice, Turbo Blowers for Blast-Furnace Blowing. By S. G. Valentine, W. McA. Johnson, L. Iversen, J. E. Johnson, Jr., Karl Nibecker, W. Trinks, Otto Banner, H. S. Braman, Arthur G. McKee, and Richard H. Rice . . . 794 Discussion of the paper of J. K. Furst, The Plant of the Duplex Process for Making Steel. By W. McA. Johnson, Arthur G. McKee, Henry D. Hubard, and Bradley Stoughton . . 810 Discussion of the paper of E. C. Harder, The Iron Industry in Brazil. By I. C. White and E. C. Harder 813

Jan 4, 1915

By B. G. Reisdorf

This paper describes the microstructural changes that occur when quenched ultrahigh-strength steels containing OA pet C and various amounts of nickel, silicon, and cobalt are tempered. The changes that occur in hardness, yield strength, and martensite diffraction-peak widths when these steels are tempered are related to the precipitation of the carbide phases. An unea$ectedly high silicon content (about 30 pct) was found in the E -carbide phase in a steel containing only 1.5 pct Si. TEMPERED martensitic steels have such wide-spread utility that they have been the subject of numerous investigations, and a sizable amount of literature has developed on this subject.M This investigation, which is a part of a larger program to correlate microstructure with mechanical properties at a variety of strength levels, is limited to the microstructural changes that occur when a quenched 0.40 pct carbon steel (USS Airsteel X-200 steel) is tempered, and to the effects of the alloying elements—nickel, cobalt, and silicon—on these microstructures. Used in this investigation were electron microscopy, electron-diffraction identification of the carbide phases, electron-probe micro-analysis of the carbides, X-ray determinations of retained austenite, and measurements of martensite X-ray diffract ion-peak widths. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical analyses of the eight heats examined eats No. 30 through 37) are shown in Table L Heat No. 30 has the chemical com~osition of Airsteel X-200, and the remaining seven heats contain various amounts of nickel, chromium, cobalt, and silicon. The heats were air-melted in an induction furnace and cast into 8 by 8 in. ingots that were subsequently heated to 2300 and rolled to 1-in.-thick plate. Oversize 0.505-in.-diam tensile specimens were rough-machined from the plates and austenitized in air at 1700° F for half an hour and oil-quenched. The specimens were then tempered in air at temperatures of 400° to 1000 for tempering times of 1, 4, and 16 hr, and finish-machined to 0.505-in.-diam tensile specimens. Electron micrographs were prepared from Formvar replicas of the midthickness of tensile-specimen shanks that had been electrolytically polished and etched in nital. Electron-diffraction patterns were obtained from carbon-extraction replicas. The replicas were prepared by etching the sample surface in the same manner as for microscopy, evaporating carbon on the etched surface, and re-etching the sample to free the carbon film and the precipitate particles. Electron-probe microanalysis was performed on some of the extraction replicas. To obtain adequate fluorescent X-ray intensities, several thicknesses of replica were exposed to the electron beam so that the results represent an average composition of the extracted particles rather than an analysis of single precipitate particles. The retained austenite contents of the specimens were determined by an empirical X-ray diffraction

Jan 1, 1963

By Edward J. Felten

Binary Cr-A1 alloys containing from 2.5 to 30 wt pct Al and 0.7 wt pct Y were heated in oxygen, air, and nitrogen between 1000" and 1200°C. The reacLivity of the alloys was found to be dependent both on the alloy composition nnd the nature of t he atmosphere. In oxygen, nllojs containing up to 15 to 20 wt pct A1 reacted to produce an external scale of Crz03 and a subscale consisting Predominently of Al203. Alloys contazning 20 to 30 wt pct A1 react in oxygen to produce an A1203 external scale and little m no subscale. The latter alloys were markedly more oxidation resistant than those of low alurninum content. In air, the alloys on which an external Crz03 scale was formed were found to be permeable to nitrogen ns evidenced by the copious amomts of chromium and aluminum nilrides observed ns part of the subscale. The reactizities in nir (or nitrogen) of these alloys increase <m their aluminurn contents increase. However, alloys on which Al,O, us an external scale is formed were nol culnerable to nccelerated attack in air, and no eltldence of nitvide subscnles were observed. For all alloys, yttrium serwed pYimarily to improve oxide adhrence. THE role of chromium in the oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr alloys &apos;-&apos; and that of aluminum in Fe-Cr-A1 al10s&apos; has received considerable attention in recent years. This is understandable since many of these alloys have excellent oxidation resistance due to the formation of either a Cr203 or a-Ala03 film between the metal and the oxidizing atmosphere. Small additions of yttrium or other rare earth metals are effective in preventing spalling of the protective oxide from the metal substrate."" In contrast, little is known regarding the oxidation resistance of Cr-A1 alloys, although some work has been done by Tumarov et a1.&apos; The poor niechanical properties exhibited by Cr-A1 alloys make them undesirable for use as structural components, but their use as coatings cannot be disregarded. The use of chromium-rich aluminide coatings for refractory metal alloys is an example of the potential use of this type of sytem. The purpose of this work is to examine the oxidation behavior of Cr-A1 alloys containing 2.5 to 30 wt pct A1 and 0.7 wt pct Y. The effects of temperature, atmosphere, and thermal cycling have been determined. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The alloys used in this investigation can be divided into two groups. Those containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt pct A1 and 0.7 wt pct Y were extensively evaluated in the temperature range from 1000" to 1200°C. Alloys containing 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt pct A1 and 0.7 wt pct Y were tested only at 1200°C. All of the alloys were prepared by standard arc-melting techniques in the form of cylinders approximately 4 in. long and 19 in. in diam. Wafers were cut from the cylinders and subsequently subdivided into rectangular coupons. The alloys were brittle and therefore some cracks were found in almost all specimens. The coupons were prepared for oxidation by mechanically polishing through 600 grit Sic paper, and were thoroughly degreased just prior to testing. Two types of oxidation experiments were conducted, namely; cyclic tests in which the specimens were examined and weighed after each 2 hr exposure, and continuous thermal balance tests run in a controlled atmosphere (oxygen, air, or nitrogen) for 20 hr. In the former test the spalled oxide was not included when the specimens were weighed. The physical condition of a specimen was noted visually after each cycle and testing was continued either to failure or until the performance of the specimen was well characterized. Both Micro and Semi-Micro Thermal Balances (Ains-worth) were used in the continuous tests. The oxidized specimens were sectioned and prepared for metal log raphic examination. The specimens were polished through 600 grit Sic paper. After polishing through 6 and l p diamond, a final mechanical polish with Linde B-Alz03 was used. Specimens containing 2.5 pct A1 were etched electrolytically using a 10 pct oxalic acid solution at 4 v for about 2 sec. Selected specimens were examined in the electron microprobe analyzer. Oxide specimens were examined by standard X-ray diffraction techniques. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS For convenience, the test results have been broken down according to the exposure temperature, and further subdivided according to the type of test and atmosphere employed. Because of the poor quality of the specimens a larger than normal amount of scatter was observed in the measured rate constants. Also, the evaluation of the weight gain data was done on a somewhat arbitrary basis and may not be truly representative. However, the results obtained do show a significant trend in behavior regarding both alloy composition and the nature of the oxidizing atmosphere. I) Oxidation Behavior at 1000°C. A) Continuous Oxidation estsin Oxygen. This series of experiments was run in the Ainsworth Micro-Thermal Balance using pure oxygen at a pressure of 76 mm Hg. Under these conditions all specimens oxidized in accordance with the parabolic rate law over a major portion of the exposure time; the rate constants appear in Table I. The oxide formed externally on all specimens was predominantly Cr,O,, which was generally adherent. In some cases a slight amount of spalling in the form of a fine powder was noted. a-A1203 was observed as a subscale, along with Yz03 in all alloys. Alloys containing up to 7.5 wt pct A1 oxidize more rapidly than the Cr-0.7Y alloy.

Jan 1, 1970

Henry LOUIS, London, England (communication to the Secretary) : Prof. Richards&apos;s paper has impressed me as highly valuable. Without entering upon any discussion of it as careful and thorough as it deserves, I venture to mention one or two points which a perusal of it has recalled to my mind in connection with my own study and practice of ore-dressing. I always mentally divide jigging into two phases: 1. A particle at rest on the jig-bed is lifted and carried upwards by the rising current of water, at an increasing velocity, which tends to a maximum. When the upward current is stopped, the particle continues to rise with rapidly diminishing velocity until it comes to rest. This completes the first phase. 2. In the second phase, the particle falls from its position of rest with an increasing velocity which tends again to a maximum, and continues to fall until the rising current of water has reduced its velocity to zero. This completes the second phase. The second phase will evidently be greatly modified by the effect of suction, as Prof. Richards shows; but I do not see that his experiments very clearly imitate the action of the second phase. And the brief intervals at the end of each phase, when the mineral particle, by reason of its acquired velocity, is still moving, though in opposition to the water-current, yet remain to be investigated. I feel especially, in Prof. Richards&apos;s paper, a difficulty which I have felt with regard to all similar previous investigations, namely, that the experiments deal with particles falling a long distance, when the velocity becomes uniform. I question whether this uniform maximum velocity is attained in actual jigging-practice. If so, it is certainly for a comparatively very small proportion only of each stroke. It seems to me that an investigation like that of Prof. Richards, but confined to the first 6 or 8 inches of fall only, and carried out with suitably delicate recording-apparatus, is what we

Jan 1, 1895

1938 ABERNATHY, G E Feb 6, 1948 Min & Met Apr 1948 1937 ADAMS, ARMY Aug 20, 1949 Min Eng Dec 1949 1946 ADDY, GEORGE E Sept 24, 1950 Min Eng July 1951 1920 ALDERSON, WILTON P Feb 1951 Min Eng Sept 1952 1896 ALDRICH, T H , JR May 24, 1950 Min Eng Aug 1950 1942 ALDRIDGE, LEONARD June 8, 1952Jrn Met Sept 1952 1919 ALLEN, ROLLAND C July 18, 1948 Min &Met Sept 1948 1950 ANDERSON, C P Unknown Min Eng Feb 1951 1937 ANDERSON, JOHN H May 10, 1950 Min Eng Aug 1950 1914 ANDERSON, L DOUGLASS Unknown Min Eng Nov 1951 1948 ANDRAU, E W K Oct 20, 1951 1936 ANDREWS, CHARLES B Apr 19, 1950 Min Eng June 1950 1918 ARMITAGE, PAUL June 28, 1949 Min Eng Oct 1949 1924 ARMSTRONG, PERCY A E Jan 23, 1949 Min Eng May 1949 1906 ARNOLD, CHARLES LE NEVE Aug 7, 1949 Min Eng Oct 1949 1945 ARNOLD, HAROLD S Aug 7, 1950 Min Eng Oct 1950 1936 ASH, JAMES E Dec 17. 1949 Min Eng Apr 1950

Jan 1, 1952

ALABAMA Anniston.-Bretz, J. A. Carrington, F. G. Gerber, A. B. Klugh, B. G. Semple, R. A. Ashland.-Barton, .J. Bessemer.-Abbott, C. E&apos;. Ball, T. L. Beaver, J. J. Ferguson, V. Salmon, H. S. Sehaber, C. F. Whatley, W. J.

Jan 1, 1923

Charles Catlett, Staunton, Va. (communication to the Secretary*):—Mr. Chance&apos;s suggestions that the brown hematite-ores of the Potsdam formation are due to the alteration in place of iron sulphide, and that their extension may reasonably he expected to contain valuable deposits of unaltered sulphide, are interesting; hut the facts marshaled by him are too limited

Jan 1, 1909