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The following is an incomplete list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period June 10, 1919, to July 10, 1919. Anvil A. Anderson, Rapid City, S. D. Roy N. McBride, U. S. Army. R. Hay Anderson, Mexico City, Mex. R. S. McIntyre, Berkeley, Calif. W. A. Barnes, San Francisco, Calif. H. R. Maier, Brooklyn, N. Y. Bennett R. Bates, Denver, Colo. Wm. D. Mainwaring, Philadelphia, Pa. Harlan H. Bradt, Duluth, Minn. Wm. E. Milligan, Chrome, N. J. H. Brings, San Francisco, Calif. Willard S. Morse, Tacoma, Wash. Robert S. Burg, Ocean Park, Calif. Arthur Notman, Bisbee, Ariz. D. W. Butner, Congo Belge, Africa. P. Nugue, Chalon Sr. Saone, France. George A. Camphuis, El Paso, Tex. George A. Packard, Boston, Mass. Fred Canan, Denver, Colo. C. L. Petzel, New York City. Walter H. Coleman, Prescott, Ariz. V. Porreaud, Paris, France. Fred Crabtree, Pittsburgh, Pa. Fred S. Porter, Seattle, Wash. Ross E. Douglas, Rancagua, Chile. R. W. Prouty, Morenci, Ariz. F. A. Downes, Golden, Colo. Charles E. Prior, Brooklyn, N. Y. W. G. Eberhardt, Tucson, Ariz. Louis Ravicz, Minneapolis, Minn. Charles H. Fulton, Cleveland, Ohio. Wm. Reed, El Oro, Mexico. Wm. R. Grunow, New York City. E. J. Ristedt, Globe, Ariz. Orr R. Hamilton, Lansing, Mich. A. M. Rodgers, Middletown, N. Y. T. N. Havlin, St. Louis, Mo. J. C. Scoles, Salt Lake City, Utah. G. M. Henderson, Weston, Mass. C. E. Siebenthal, Washington, D. C.

Jan 8, 1919

By Tormod Forland

FROM equilibrium measurements on the system NaF-Na 3A l Fo-A 1 2 O 3-Na CO 3-CO 2 with high contents of NaF, Forland, Storegraven, and Urnesl concluded that complexes are formed containing two oxygen, three aluminum, and a less defined number of fluorine per complex. The same number of oxygen atoms per complex was also found by cryoscopic measurements for mixtures high in NaALF 6. In a recent paper by Stokes: some other complex ions, Al2O2F42- and AlOF2-, have been suggested. Here an additional argument in favor of the complex ALO2F. suggested by Forland, Storegraven, and Urnes will be given. When fused Na3AlF6 containing some A12O3, is cooled slowly, the solid phase will consist of the two components as separate phases. The melting point and the heat of fusion of Al2O3 are so high that this component will form the stable solid phase even though in the liquid state the complex may have a high stability. If, however, the fused mixture is quenched, the decomposition of the oxygen-containing complex and the formation of solid Al2O3 does not proceed fast enough, and a solid solution of A12O3 in Na3AlF6 is obtained. Zintel and Morawietz3 obtained cryolite containing 10 pct AL2O3 in this way. The density and the lattice parameters of the A12O3 containing cryolite were also measured, and from this it was concluded that the Al2O3 enters the cryolite lattice as Al3AlO0 groups replacing Na3AlF6 groups. However, the experimental data could as well be explained by assuming that one Na+ ion and two of its neighboring F- ions are replaced by one Al3+ ion and two O2- ions. This may be pictured schematically as: F F F F F F F Al F Na F Al F ,-Na+ + Al8+ F Al 0 A1 0 A1 F F F F —2 F- + 2O2- F F F solid cryolite cryolite-alumina solid solution This means that the complex in the solid solution, derived from X-ray and density measurements, is the same as that which Forland, Storegraven, and Urnes derived from equilibrium measurements in the liquid state. References IT. Forland, H. Storegraven, and S. Urnes: Ztsch. fur anorgan-ische und allgemeine Chemie, 1955, vol. 279, p. 205. 2J. J. Stokes: AIME Trans. To be pubhshed. s E. Zintel and W. Morawietz: Ztsch. pubhshed.fur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1939, vol. 240, p. 145.

Jan 1, 1958

By Charles R. Keyes

I. Introductory,.......... 185 II. Hypotheses oF the Origin of OzaRk Ores..... 186 1. General Considerations........ 186 2. Schmidt-Leonhard and Gage View...... 187 3. Jenney Opinion.......... 187 4. Posepny Idea,.......... 188 5. Winslow-Robertson Hypothesis....... 188 6. Branner Proposition......... 189 7. Keyes Statement.......... 189 8. Van Hise-Bain Theory........ 190 III. Requirements of an Adequate WoRking-Hypothesis,... 190 IV. GeneRal Geotectonics of the OzaRk Region.... 192 1. Salient Aspects.......... 192 2. Geologic Formations......... 192 3. Character of Faulting...192 4. Extent of Flexing......... 193 5. Unconformity Inequalities....195 6. Warping of Strata...195 V. Classes of Ore-Deposits... 196 VI. Vadose ORe-ConcentRation,........ 197 VII. GeogRaphic DistRibution of the Ore-Bodies,... 199 VIII. Relation of ORe-Deposit to Geologic Structure... 201 1. General Occurrence of Ore-Bodies in Basins.... 201 2. Deposits of the Central Missouri District..... 203 3. Deposits of the Southwestern Missouri District.... 203 4. Deposits of the Northern Arkansas District... 305 5. Deposits of the Southeastern Missouri District.... 206 6. Synclinal Ore-Deposits of Other Districts.....207 7. Significance of Ore-Troughs in Prospecting... 209 8. Origin of the so-called Synclines,...210 9. Significance of the Cross-Bars of Joplin..... 213 10. Relation of Ore-Run to Ancient Relief-Features,... 215 IX. Direction of GRound-Water Circulation..... 216 X. VeRtical Range of Workable Ore-Bodies,... 218 XI. Oscillation of Ground-WateR Level...... 219 XII. Relations of Ore-Bodies to Lithoclasic Features,.. 220 XIII. PRimaRy Source of Ore-Materials,...... 220 XIV. Zone of Ore-Enrichment,......... 222

Jan 1, 1910

By W. F. Holbrook, C. E. Wood, E. P. Barrett

THE high-frequency laboratory induction furnace with a rotating liquid crucible enables research workers to conduct certain investigations heretofore very difficult or impossible to realize because vessels are not obtainable that are capable of resisting the physical conditions or the chemical actions to which they are subjected. Applications for patents covering commercial uses of centrifugal liquid crucibles were filed in the United States in 1919,1 in France in 1925, in the United States and Germany in 1926,2 and in France in 1927.3 In 1928, Schuette and Maier,4 of the Bureau of Mines, reported the construction of a whirling table beneath a high-frequency induction furnace. SHAPE AND SIZE OF CENTRIFUGAL LIQUID CRUCIBLES When a vessel containing a liquid is rotated, the inner surface of the liquid takes the shape of a paraboloid under the simultaneous action of centrifugal force and gravity. The internal dimensions of the paraboloid rotating liquid crucible are governed by the diameter of the container and .its speed of rotation. Melted Wood's metal was poured into cylinders 2 1/2 in. in diameter, which were rotated at 180, 300, and 468 r.p.m. When the metal was solid, a slurry of plaster of Paris was added, and rotation continued until the plaster had set. Fig. 1, a photograph of sections of the cylinders, shows the effect of speed of rotation of the containers upon the shape of the inner surface of the rotating liquid crucibles. TYPES OF FURNACES Three types of high-frequency induction laboratory furnaces using liquid-metal crucibles were designed and constructed by the Blast

Jan 1, 1938

By R. H. Winn

In this paper a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir is considered as a succession of layers of formations of radically different porosities, permeabilities, water saturations, and rock matrix types; i.e., the heterogeneity is vertical rather than radial to the wellbore. Presumably each layer is more or less homogeneous. To determine the "net oil in place" in this reservoir it is desirable to know the porosity and water saturation of each layer. In addition, the section must be subdivided into that which will produce oil, that which will produce water, and that which will produce little or nothing. In numerous wells drilled in these reservoirs radioactivity surveys, guard electrode surveys, and caliper surveys have been made. These logs have been compared with core analysis data, when available, and the analysis of the surveys compared with production data. This study, still in progress, is intended to provide improved analytical techniques if such are possible. This paper is a progress report on the work. DETERMINATION OF POROSITY The neutron-gamma log has long been recognized as a measure of hydrogen concentration.1,2,3 In reservoirs that are free of clay, shale, or other hydrogen containing matrices, it has been accepted as a measure of porosity.4,5 Empirical methods to relate relative neu-tron-gamma intensity to porosity are often employed." To provide a more precise determination of porosity from the neutron-gamma log each instrument is calibrated immediately prior to each survey by a method which refers all tools to a hydrogenous cylinder. To insure stability a calibration check is made after each survey. These calibration records are printed as an integral part of the log that is recorded in standard counts per second. A detailed description of the calibration procedure is available in the literature.' The procedure employed insures that each Survey is numerically reproducible within the limits of statistical variation. To relate the standard neutron counts per second to porosity and hole size, records were made in test wells constructed of blocks of limestone. The porosities of the blocks were accurately measured and the blocks completely saturated with fresh water. Fig. 1 presents some of the results obtained in these test wells.' The lines shown in Fig. 1 were obtained by deriving an empirical equation relating the 11 points shown so that the relationship may be projected to larger and smaller hole sizes. A detailed description of the tool is available in the literature.' Field tests indicate that the tool is adjacent to the wall of the hole most of the time when the surveys are made in uncased holes drilled with saline muds. In this circumstance porosity may be calculated from Fig. 1 if the hole size is known. When fresh muds that form thick mud cakes are employed, the centralizing effect of the mud cake must be considered and the porosity determination is less reliable. In cased holes the combined effect of variations in hole diameter and the unknown eccentricity of the casing in the hole may make porosity determinations extremely unreliable. In any event, an accurate knowledge of hole size is essen-

Jan 1, 1958

Part 1. Coal Part 2. Industrial Minerals

Jan 3, 1977

By H. Evans, L. A. Hunt

In the pellet-producing industry it is sometimes claimed that "The pellets are made in the concentrator," or that "The key to good pellets is in the balling operation." However, one claim is generally agreed on: If you can put in, on, and through the indurating furnace a good green ball of Proper size and adequate strength to withstand the handling, load, dehydration, and thermal shock until it is properly heat-hardened, you will have the pellet product you desire-that is, a "competent" green ball. The strength requirements that enable a competent green ball to withstand the environment of the indurating furnace are usually less restrictive than those for transporting the green ball from its source of production to the furnace. Experience has shown that different types of material may have different balling characteristics which may impose limitations on the quality of the green ball that can easily be produced under normal conditions. Therefore, if a specific material will produce a green ball that meets the physical requirements for competency in the furnace, but not for handling or transportation, various practices must be instituted to overcome this deficiency. In other words, if a normal handling system is too rigorous for the green balls that can be produced under standard conditions, then "handling with care" should be tried.

Jan 5, 1967

NORTH AMERICA ALASKA Anchorage.-Strandberg, H. Tuck, R. Coal Creek.-Moore, E. G. Spencer, W. W. College.-Hance, J. H. Henricksen, R. Henton, H. M. Comet.-Albertson, F. E. Cordova.-O'Neill, W. A. Douglas.-Cahill, W. E. Fairbanks.-Crawford, J. D. Earling, R., B. Fowler. D. A.

Jan 1, 1937

By S. R. Mitchell, M. C. Fuerstenau, A. M. Gaudin

The two principal attributes of a thickener pulp are its settling rate and the ultimate pulp density of the thickened mud. Testing for evaluation of thickening attributes of a pulp has usually been done batch-wise by placing the pulp in a one-liter glass graduated cylinder and noting the position of the boundary between clear liquor and mud as a function of time. Refinements in testing have included repulping a thickened mud to various dilutions and evaluating the settling rate on these various repulped muds. This is considered to make possible an estimate of the settling rate as a function of pulp density and therefore to pinpoint the slowest settling pulp which ought to be critical from the standpoint of thickener plant design. Finally, tests are sometimes made with model-size continuous thickeners of arbitrary size. In batch tests it is generally accepted that the behavior of a pulp is described by a curve such as the one shown in Fig. 1, in which the position of the boundary between clear liquor and mud (the mudline) is plotted against time. It has also been assumed that the initial settling rate (the slope of the line segment AB) is descriptive of the pulp and independent of the size and shape of the container. Where the settling rate is slower and clearly a function of time (portion CD of the settling curve), it has been assumed that the data are not of much use because of the intrusion of compacting phenomena. The next important datum is the height. PE, which is a measure of the so-called ultimate pulp density. This quantity is assumed to be characteristic of the pulp and independent of the container. When actual data are recorded, results are rarely exactly according to this theory and numerous deviations may be noted. For example, some pulps seem to require an appreciable delay before beginning to settle, as in line AF. This is spoken of as representing the need for an induction time for flocculation. It has seemed desirable to explore thickener data with a more sensitive charting tool than is afforded by the coordinates of Fig. 1. Instead of relating the position of the mudline to time, it has seemed desirable to relate the rate of descent of the mudline to time. This, in effect, amounts to charting the slope of the line in Fig. 1, or the derivative of its ordinates, against the same abscissas. Fig. 2 shows the new chart for the curve ABCDE of Fig. 1. When this new tool was applied to data obtained, for example, with sized clay pulps, astonishing differences appeared. Apparently the traditional tool conceals differences instead of revealing them, whereas the new method emphasizes them. It seems, also, that both charting methods have their uses. In this article attention is focused on the effects of pulp density and container height as they affect the settling behavior of flocculated suspensions of a sized kaolin. The thesis by M. C. Fuerstenau' gives more details than this summary, as well as some information about the effect of other variables. Sized fractions of kaolin were used, supplied through the courtesy of S. C. Lyons of the Georgia Kaolin Co. Large batches were made by agitation in a flotation machine and in a glass jar equipped with a mixer. The settling vessels were 2, 4, and 6-in. diam glass cylinders of various heights. Pulp Dilution: The effects of pulp dilution on sedimentation behavior are shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3 shows data on pulps ranging from 2.44 to 16.7 pct solids initial pulp density, flocculated with Separan and charted in the traditional manner. At least two of the lines appear nearly straight in their early sections, but neither of the others does. Each of the curves in this figure includes a region labeled

Jan 1, 1960

By Murray F. Hawkins

One problem of reservoir engineering is the early estimation of the size of newly discovered reservoirs. Often these reservoirs are the expansion type in which sizeable pressure drops occur incident to the production of small fractions of the oil reserve, above the bubble point, and a material balance equation may be solved to find the reserve. The early form of this equation' considered only the compressibility of the oil. Later Hall2 showed that the compressible nature of the formation rock is a significant factor in production above the bubble point, and he presented a new equation which includes a formation (rock) compressibility term. This note presents a further extension of the material balance equation as applied to volumetric, unsat-urated reservoirs above the bubble point by including a term for the presence and compressible nature of the interstitial water. DERIVATION OF EQUATION During a decline in average reservoir pressure, ?p ?p, — p1 the initial reservoir volume V,, will decrease to some value V, due to the reduction in pore volume as a result of a decline in the hydrostatic pressure within the formation, and v, = V,, [l — cr ?p]......(1) The formation compressibility c, is expressed in terms of change in pore volume per unit pore volume per psi. Simultaneously the connate water within the formation expands from an original volume V,, = S,V,, to a new volume V,, V, = s,v,, [I + c,npl.....(2) The difference [Vp — V,] is the hydrocarbon pore volume at pressure p and may be equated to the volume of the remaining oil, or [N — N,] B, = V,,, [I - C~A;] - S,.Vpi [l + cwnjl.........(3) But the initial oil in place in terms of the initial reservoir volume, connate water, and formation volume factor is Ilividing Equation 3 by Equation 4 eliminates V,, to give,

Jan 1, 1956

By P. T. Gallagher, W. A. Oates

THE partial excess entropy of interstitial solutes in metals, SXS , has usually been interpreted as being principally vibrational ever since the initial statistical treatment of hydrogen in metals by Fowler and Smith-ells. The vibrational entropy is considered being due to the optical modes of the light interstitial atom. Little attention has been given to the magnitudes of the values of SXS'. Leiser and Witte2 and Ebisuzaki and O'Keeffe3 have noted that for hydrogen in metals Si is approximately constant for different metals. On the other hand if it is assumed that the interstitial solute is an isotopic defect then, as shown by McLellan, SXS should vary from metal to metal as follows: where S is the standard entropy of the solvent and Mi, M, are the masses of the interstitial and solvent atoms. respectively. Fair agreement with this equation was found for oxygen in silver and nitrogen in iron4 and for carbon in iron.= Ln a subsequent analysis of metal- hdrogen systems McLellan' found a variation of $' from metal to metal but not in a manner expected from the isotopic impurity equation. However, a possible correlation between the energy of solution, Ei, and sf was noted. Similar correlations have been noted for certain dilute substitutional solid Solutions 7, 8 and recently Kubaschewski 9 has demonstrated a correlation between integral heats and ex-

Jan 1, 1970

NORTH AMERICA. CANADA Canadian Army Overseas. Ball, H. D. Bridges. C. Butterill, H. J. If. Ladner, F. E. Lane, H. C. Alillar, W. A. ALBERTA Calgary.-Chonette, W. C. Clark, L. At. Corbett, C. S. de Hart, J. B. Dingman, C. W. Fath. A. E. Fulton. J. If. Cray, J. G. Johnson. R. V. McCutchin, J. A. *Slipper, S. E. Vin Buckirk H. A.

Jan 1, 1944

By Joseph C. Buchen

In principle, productiorl of salt from sea water is a simple operation. The sun and wind cause evaporation of sea water trapped in ponds, and what is left is principally salt. Commercial production, however, requires consideration of many factors. First is a high consistent annual rate of evaporation, as well as large areas of suitable low-lying ground close to economical shipping facilities. The south end of San Francisco Bay has these requisites. Large ponds are built, by using clamshell dredges to build up levees to a height of approximately 3 ft. on ground usually lower than sea level, so that the water may be taken in through tide gates without pumping. Ponds are divided into extremely large concentrating ponds and smeller crystallizing ponds. Approximately ten times more area is required for concentrating than for crystallizing. The concentrating ponds are irregular in shape and size but the crystallizing ponds are rectangular and fairly regular in size, to aid in harvesting. The ocean water is taken into the first of a series of concentrating ponds and gradually moved forward from pond to pond as it increase:: in density, reaehing the crystallizing area as a saturated brine. This brine is pumped into the crystallizer at the beginning of the net evaporating season, usually in May, and further evaporation causes its sodium chloride content to deposit on the bottoms of the ponds. The brine must be drawn off and a fresh supply added from time to time to prevent other undesirable salts from depositing with the sodium chloride. Harvesting usually begins near the end of August and now is accomplished almost entirely by mechanical means. After harvesting, the salt is stored in large sbockpiles until required for shipping or refining. The greatest amount is used for industrial purposes and is shipped without any processing other than screening, but all salt for domestic use produced by the Leslie Salt Co. is refined by the racuum process, giving a produet consistently testing over 09.9 per cent sodium chloride.

Jan 1, 1938

By Joseph C. Buchen

In principle, productiorl of salt from sea water is a simple operation. The sun and wind cause evaporation of sea water trapped in ponds, and what is left is principally salt. Commercial production, however, requires consideration of many factors. First is a high consistent annual rate of evaporation, as well as large areas of suitable low-lying ground close to economical shipping facilities. The south end of San Francisco Bay has these requisites. Large ponds are built, by using clamshell dredges to build up levees to a height of approximately 3 ft. on ground usually lower than sea level, so that the water may be taken in through tide gates without pumping. Ponds are divided into extremely large concentrating ponds and smeller crystallizing ponds. Approximately ten times more area is required for concentrating than for crystallizing. The concentrating ponds are irregular in shape and size but the crystallizing ponds are rectangular and fairly regular in size, to aid in harvesting. The ocean water is taken into the first of a series of concentrating ponds and gradually moved forward from pond to pond as it increase:: in density, reaehing the crystallizing area as a saturated brine. This brine is pumped into the crystallizer at the beginning of the net evaporating season, usually in May, and further evaporation causes its sodium chloride content to deposit on the bottoms of the ponds. The brine must be drawn off and a fresh supply added from time to time to prevent other undesirable salts from depositing with the sodium chloride. Harvesting usually begins near the end of August and now is accomplished almost entirely by mechanical means. After harvesting, the salt is stored in large sbockpiles until required for shipping or refining. The greatest amount is used for industrial purposes and is shipped without any processing other than screening, but all salt for domestic use produced by the Leslie Salt Co. is refined by the racuum process, giving a produet consistently testing over 09.9 per cent sodium chloride.

Jan 1, 1938

By F. L. Clerc

THE lead and zinc region of SW. Missouri is interesting, not only by reason of the value of its output, which ranges in the neighborhood of ten million dollars a year, but even more because of the facilities which it offers for the study of certain forms of ore-deposits, of which the loci and genesis are somewhat obscure. Although the mineral species found in the region are few and of common occurrence, crystallization has taken place on a generous scale, and unusual forms abound in many combinations, presenting examples of pseudomorphism, paragenesis, metasomatic replacement and the action of mineral-depositing and mineral-dissolving waters. For the mineralogist, lithologist, and specialist in certain lines of metamorphism, it has peculiar attractions, while the systematic geologist will perhaps find its chief claim to attention in the simplified problem it presents, in the study of ore-deposits. In addition to the phenomena above enumerated, it presents instances of well-developed comb-structure in the ores, fissures and faults, and slickensides-features usually associated with extensive movements in the earth's crust, and believed by some authorities to prove the deep-seated origin of the ores. In connection with these occurrences, the absence of all igneous rocks from this region is noteworthy and significant. For that reason, the simplified case presented by the Joplin region, from which these rocks have been eliminated as a factor, is specially valuable. Having had unusual opportunities to watch the development of this district, I have been deeply interested in the bearing of the revelations of the Joplin mines upon questions of universal importance to the science of ore-deposits ; and it was to my great regret that the project of a meeting of the American Institute of Mining Engineers at Joplin, proposed in 1892, was

Mar 1, 1907

By R. S. Dean

THE first attempt to establish an equilibrium diagram of the lead-antimony series was made by Roland-Gosselin1 in 1896. This investigation classified the system as a purely eutectiferous one, with the eutectic at 12.5 per cent. antimony and 228° C. In the next year, Stead2 placed the eutectic temperature at 247° C. The error in temperature made by Roland-Gosselin, however, has been perpetuated in the literature with a remarkable degree of persistency; this value was accepted by Campbell (1902), and Ewen (1910),3 and will be found in the last edition of Desch's3 Metallography (1922). Gonterman's investigation, made in 1907, was the most complete one available at the time the present investigation was started. He concluded' that the system was a simple eutectiferous one and placed the eutectic at 13 per cent. antimony and 247°C. Other investigations by Tammann (1907),5 Garbow (1909),6 Rudolfi (1910),7 Loebe (1911),8 and Leroux (1913)9 added little, if any-thing, to Gonterman's diagram. A number of investigations have been made of physical properties of the alloys. The electrical conductivity of the series was studied by Matthiessen (1860)10 and by A. W. Smith (1921);" the thermoforce by Rudolfi (1910),12 and Pelabon (1923);13 the specific heat by Durrer

Jan 2, 1926

By Verne D. Johnston

ALTHOUGH the stocks of Lake Superior iron ore on dock or at furnaces at the beginning of the year were about 6,000,000 tons less than at the beginning of 1938, the steel industry was operating at only 52 1/2 per cent of capacity and continued at approximately this rate to about Aug. 1. Consequently the iron mines in the Lake Superior district during the winter and spring period were almost all on a curtailed production basis, governed mostly by the needs of the communities rather than by anticipation of ore demands. Many of these properties gave extra employment by prosecuting heavy strip- ping programs, and the underground mines by shaft sinking and rock development. All underground mines re- turned to full operation in September, mostly two-shift, five days per week. A few operated the sixth day. The ship- ping schedules were increased so that the actual delivery for the year exceeded early expectations by about 20 per cent. Final Lake shipments were slightly in excess of 45,000,000 gross tons.

Jan 1, 1940

By Bernard H. Coyle, Robert N. Anderson, Judith A. Koperski

Between 6 and 8 million cars are shredded annually in the U.S. This shredded material is magnetically separated leaving a mixture of nonmetallics and nonferrous metals which can be further separated into its metallic and nonmetallic constituents. The metallic portion is a mixture of metalr; and alloys containing predominately zinc, and some aluminum, copper, and residual iron. Hydrometallurgical strategies are proposed for recovering the aluminum, copper, and zinc. The thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the most promising alternatives to separation are discussed.

Jan 1, 1978

Iron Ores and Blast Furnace Practice Concentration of Iron Ores in the United States. By T. R. Counselman. (Metals Technolog), December 1943) Selection of Blast-furnace Refractories. By Hobart M. KrANer and E. B. Snyder. (Metals Technology, April 1944) The Washing of Pittsburgh Coking Coals and Results Obtained on Blast Furnaces. By C. 1). King. (Metals Technology, September 1943) Steelmaking The Role of Basic Slags in the Elimination of Phosphorus from Steel. By Richard L. BArrett and William J. McCaughey. (Metals Technology, April 1944) The Relative Deoxidizing Power of Boron In Liquid Steel and the Elimination of Boron in the Open-hearth Process. By B. W. Gurry. (Metals 'Technology, December 1943) Manufacture and Properties of Killed Bessemer Steel. By C. C. Wright. (Metals Technology, June 1944) Hardenability Effect of Sixteen Alloying Elements on Hardenability of Steel. By Irvin R. Kramer, Robert Hafner and Stewart L. Toleman. (Metals Technology, September 1943) Effect of Quenching Temperature on the Results of the End-quench Hardenability Test. By Clarence E. Jackson and Arthur L. Chrjstenson. (Metals Technology, December 1943) Effect of Some Elements on Hardenability. By Walter Crafts and John L. Lamont. (Metals Technology, January 1944) Effect of Several Variables on the Hardenability of High-carbon Steels. By I?. S. Rowland, J. Welchner and R. IS. Marshall. (Metals Technology, January 1944) Mechanical Properties Influence of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Some Low-carbon Manganese-iron Alloys and on Hadfield Manganese Steel. By Herbert H. Uhlig. (Metals Technology, June 1944) Aging and the Yield Point in Steel. By J. R. LOW, Jr., and 14. Gensamer. (Metals Technology, December 1943) Tensile Properties of Medium-carbon Low-alloy Cast Steels. By H. A. Schwartz and W. Kenneth Bock. (Metals Technology, August 1944) Variables Affecting the Results of Notched-bar 1mpct Tests on Steels. By CLarence 15. Jackson, MYRon A. Pugancz and Frank S. McKenna. (Metals Technology, August 1944) The Notched-bar Lmpact Test. By John H. Hollomon. (Meta1s Technology, April 1944) Hardness Measurement as a Rapid Means for Determining Carbon Content of Carhon and Low- alloy Steels. By K. L. Clark and NIcHols Kowall. (Metals Technology, January 1944)

Jan 1, 1944

Iron Ores and Blast Furnace Practice Concentration of Iron Ores in the United States. By T. R. Counselman. (Metals Technolog), December 1943) Selection of Blast-furnace Refractories. By Hobart M. KrANer and E. B. Snyder. (Metals Technology, April 1944) The Washing of Pittsburgh Coking Coals and Results Obtained on Blast Furnaces. By C. 1). King. (Metals Technology, September 1943) Steelmaking The Role of Basic Slags in the Elimination of Phosphorus from Steel. By Richard L. BArrett and William J. McCaughey. (Metals Technology, April 1944) The Relative Deoxidizing Power of Boron In Liquid Steel and the Elimination of Boron in the Open-hearth Process. By B. W. Gurry. (Metals 'Technology, December 1943) Manufacture and Properties of Killed Bessemer Steel. By C. C. Wright. (Metals Technology, June 1944) Hardenability Effect of Sixteen Alloying Elements on Hardenability of Steel. By Irvin R. Kramer, Robert Hafner and Stewart L. Toleman. (Metals Technology, September 1943) Effect of Quenching Temperature on the Results of the End-quench Hardenability Test. By Clarence E. Jackson and Arthur L. Chrjstenson. (Metals Technology, December 1943) Effect of Some Elements on Hardenability. By Walter Crafts and John L. Lamont. (Metals Technology, January 1944) Effect of Several Variables on the Hardenability of High-carbon Steels. By I?. S. Rowland, J. Welchner and R. IS. Marshall. (Metals Technology, January 1944) Mechanical Properties Influence of Hydrogen on Mechanical Properties of Some Low-carbon Manganese-iron Alloys and on Hadfield Manganese Steel. By Herbert H. Uhlig. (Metals Technology, June 1944) Aging and the Yield Point in Steel. By J. R. LOW, Jr., and 14. Gensamer. (Metals Technology, December 1943) Tensile Properties of Medium-carbon Low-alloy Cast Steels. By H. A. Schwartz and W. Kenneth Bock. (Metals Technology, August 1944) Variables Affecting the Results of Notched-bar 1mpct Tests on Steels. By CLarence 15. Jackson, MYRon A. Pugancz and Frank S. McKenna. (Metals Technology, August 1944) The Notched-bar Lmpact Test. By John H. Hollomon. (Meta1s Technology, April 1944) Hardness Measurement as a Rapid Means for Determining Carbon Content of Carhon and Low- alloy Steels. By K. L. Clark and NIcHols Kowall. (Metals Technology, January 1944)

Jan 1, 1944