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By A. M. Cummings

Each mining district presents different problems as to the methods of ore extraction cad underground support, which are dependent upon the type of the ore deposit and the character of the inclosing rock. Mining costs, however, depend largely aeon the efficiency with which the methods employed underground are [applie] as well as upon the selection of the method best adapted to the physical conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present to the operator in other districts a detailed description of ho mining method used ins results obtained in tie exploitation of the bedded magnetite deposits of the Mineville district. The town of Mineville is situated in the Adirondacks, five miles west of Port Henry on Lake Champlain.

Jan 1, 1928

By Fred N. Kissell

In This Chapter [Ventilation and methane sampling guidelines for conventional shafts Dealing with restricted spaces where methane can accumulate Ventilation and methane sampling at raise bore drills and Filling shafts at closed coal mines] It is not unusual to encounter methane gas during shaft excavation or shaft-filling operations. Shafts into coalbeds usually produce the most methane, so the information in this chapter applies primarily to shafts at coal mines. Nevertheless, much of the information is relevant for noncoal mines that have methane in the mine or in the overlying strata. METHANE IN SHAFTS EXCAVATED BY CONVENTIONAL MEANS (DRILL, BLAST, MUCK) [ ] Ventilation. Shafts excavated by conventional means are ventilated with a fan on the surface connected to ductwork that extends down into the shaft (Figure 9–1). Shafts into coalbeds should have ventilation systems designed to handle the higher gas flows to be expected as the shaft excavation passes through any over-lying gas-containing strata and nears the coal-bed to be mined. Following are some simple ventilation guidelines for the minimum amount of air required and the selection of the ventilation duct: • Provide enough air to meet the mini-mum OSHA tunnel requirement of 30 ft/min air velocity in the open shaft, as specified in 29 CFR2 1926.800(k)(3). For example, a 20-ft-diam shaft having

Jan 6, 2006

By Wallace W. Key

Mineral raw materials produced in California, other States, and foreign countries were purchased for consumption in quantities valued at over $60 million at 800 of the 1,200 chemical plants operating in California Fn 1960, according to questionnaires completed by company officials. These and other data received from mineral consumers, producers, dealers, and Government agencies formed the basis for this the first of a series of reports designed to present the intricate features and relationships controlling mineral raw material supply and demand in California industries. The results of this study indicated certain changes in use patterns of minerals in chemical manufacturing; a shift in requirements from metals to nonmetals, from inorganics to organics, from natural to synthetic materials, and from distant to local sources of supply.

Jan 1, 1965

By Wallace W. Key

Mineral raw materials produced in California, other States, and foreign countries were purchased for consumption in quantities valued at over $60 million at 800 of the 1,200 chemical plants operating in California Fn 1960, according to questionnaires completed by company officials. These and other data received from mineral consumers, producers, dealers, and Government agencies formed the basis for this the first of a series of reports designed to present the intricate features and relationships controlling mineral raw material supply and demand in California industries. The results of this study indicated certain changes in use patterns of minerals in chemical manufacturing; a shift in requirements from metals to nonmetals, from inorganics to organics, from natural to synthetic materials, and from distant to local sources of supply.

Jan 1, 1965

By N. A. Eilertsen

Procedures of mining high-calcium limestone underground at the Kimballton mine of the Standard Lime and Cement Co. in Giles County, west-central Virginia, are described. Drilling and blasting procedures area discussed in detail, and direct mining costs are tabulated in percentage of total cost. Output, about 1,725 tons of limestone a day, is attained with heavy trackless equipment by the room and pillar method of mining modified by benching floors. Operating features include underground air compression, electric-eye control of curtained doorways, use of a single jumbo drill rig for all drilling, and an effective plan for maintenance of equipment. The company's safety program has contributed to an outstanding safe mining record. The mine is integrated with a plant on the property which converts the stone to metallurgical and chemical grade lime.

Jan 1, 1964

The following Inventory was prepared to provide mineral deposit data to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for use in the Resource Development Navigation Study in Alaska. The inventory was prepared using data contained in the U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Availability System (MAS) database. The Alaska portion of the database contains Information on over 7,000 mineral locations and deposits throughout the state. When MAS was established In 1975, database entries were originally compiled from literature searches by both Bureau personnel and contractors. Deposit data are obtained/maintained through Information gained from a variety of sources, Including published and unpublished Bureau of Mines reports, records, and files; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Bulletins, Professional Papers, and other reports; technical and professional Journals; State and other Federal agency publications; data generated during field examinations; and information obtained from knowledgeable individuals. Because of the size of the data base, many of the data have not been significantly modified since initial entry. Each deposit on the MAS data base has a sequence number of the following form:

Jan 1, 2011

By J. M. Davidson, F. Fraas, J. E. Conley

"A number of Reports of Investigations pertaining to the extraction of potash from cal¬cined polyhalite have been made by various members of the Nonmetallic Minerals Experiment Station of the United States Bureau of Mines. These reports describe results obtained in the study of samples of polyhalite (2CaS04.K2S04.MgS04.2H20) from deposits of possible com¬mercial importance in Texas and New Mexico.3Storch and Clarke6 in their initial paper presenting data on the properties of Texas polyhalite demonstrated the desirability of calcination and subsequent hot extraction with water as a satisfactory pronedure for treatment of this potash-bearing salt. Their preliminary data have been supplemented by an additional report7 dealing more particularly with the leaching of raw and calcined polyhalite with water and with saturated sodium chloride solu¬tions. Further data8 have been reported as a result of experiments made in a small labora¬tory rotary-tube furnace under various calcination and extraction conditions. Hot water was used as the leaching solution in all of these tests.In addition to the data on calcination and extraction, two processes as proposed by Storch and Clarke have been published by Wroth,9 and more recently a number of very promising processes have been proposed by Storoh and Fragen.10"

Apr 1, 1932

By L. A. Stewart

This is one of a series of reports prepared by the Federal Bureau of Mines on mining methods, performance, and costs at individual mines in the United States. The primary purpose of these papers is to promote development and conservation of our mineral resources by disseminating technological information on methods, practices, and results that may be applied to the engineering analysis and solution of mining problems. This report discusses the highly selective mining methods of the Jaquays Mining Corp. at the Regal asbestos mine, 45 road miles northeast of Globe, Ariz. The milling method at the Globe plant is discussed briefly, and the extraction ratios of the various grades of fiber are tabulated. The proposed flowsheet of a new mill under construction is shown.

Jan 1, 1961

By S. R. Zimmerley

As a result of the drilling program of the Mining Division, Bureau of Mines, large amounts of manganese ores have been blocked out in the Drum Mountain District of Utah. The ores, as mined, would not be acceptable for the production of ferromanganese, and this investigation was made to determine their amenability to concentration by ore-dressing methods and the amount of

Jan 1, 1942

By John C. Machisak

STATISTICAL data on injuries and employment pertinent to metal mines and to their mills, and/or processing plants are presented in this Information Circular for the calendar year 1960. The information pertains to metal mines, as well as ore-dressing plants and primary nonferrous smelters, refineries and reduction plants, and their auxiliary works. These data are voluntarily submitted annually to the Bureau of Mines by the operators, and contribute greatly toward the promotion of safety in the mineral industries. The data presented are classified according to the principal mineral produced and include information on copper, iron, lead-zinc, gold-silver lode, gold placer, uranium-vanadium and miscellaneous metals. A breakdown of miscellaneous metals by commodities is shown in table 19, page 41. The data also relate to workers engaged in production, exploration, development, construction, and maintenance and repair work, as well as supervisory personnel and office-workers at the mine or plant site. Injury and employment data at metal mines and metallurgical plants in the United States for 1960 are shown under the following general sections: 1. General injury experience: Tables I-5-Data on injuries, injury-frequency and severity rates and related employment data, work location, and degree of injury.

Jan 1, 1963

By S. R. Zimmerley

As a result of the drilling program of the :Mining Division, Bureau of Mines, large amounts of manganese ores have been blocked out in the Drum Mountain District of Utah. The ores, as mined, would not be acceptable for the production of ferromanganese, and this investigation was made to determine their amenability to concentration by ore-dressing methods and the amount of

Jan 1, 1942

By R. W. Stahl

Burning coal-mine refuse banks were surveyed in 15 States. The following characteristics were tabulated for 495 hanks: County; name, population, and distance of nearest town; size and status of bank; status and stage of fire; and topography. Ways of controlling fires were reviewed, the compacting and sealing method proving most satisfactory. Means for preventing refuse-bank fires by proper construction of banks are described.

Jan 1, 1964

This report describes the activities and publications of the Bureau of Mines Health and Safety Research and Testing Center, Pittsburgh, Pa., for the fiscal years 1960-65. It includes a discussion or work being conducted on roof control, dust explosions, ventilation, health, coal mine fire control, and electrical-mechanical testing, and an abstract of each paper published during the report period.

Jan 1, 1966

YOUR mom was right …count to 10. Most workers today report that they find their jobs stressful. Miners, in particular, are faced with hazardous and changing environments. Every shift provides different conditions and challenges. Coping with stress is an important tool to maintain your physical and mental health. Now, back to mom. Studies on stress tell us that shifting your focus away from what is causing your stress increases your ability to cope. Counting to 10 is one method. Science proves mom right. The stress response We are born with the stress response, which is a survival instinct, sometimes called the "fight or flight" response. When approached by a tiger in the jungle, our ancestors would perceive danger and prepare to fight or run. The body prepares for the fight or flight response in a number of ways. The bloodstream brings extra glucose and oxygen (fuel) to the heart, the sense of pain is dulled, and memory and thinking improve. The pupils dilate for better vision and the lungs take in more oxygen, while heart rate and blood pressure increase. Body hairs become erect, as puffed-out hair makes an animal look bigger and more dangerous. Once the perceived danger is gone - we have run fast enough to get away from the tiger or won the fight - the body returns to normal functions. Unfortunately, civilization gives us too many opportunities to experience this response. If activated too often, it can create wear and tear on the body, which may lead to injury and illness. Chronic and traumatic stress There are two key types of stress: chronic stress and traumatic stress. Both types can cause both physical and psychological symptoms. Chronic stress builds up from the day-to-day hassles. Traumatic stress results from a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a mine disaster, or the sudden death of a loved one. Chronic stress is associated with an increased risk of a number of health problems including heart disease, depression, back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Traumatic stress may lead to post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Miners may experience both chronic and traumatic stress in their work.

By John C. Machisak

STATISTICAL data on injuries and employment pertinent to metal mines and to their mills, and/or processing plants are presented in this Information Circular for the calendar year 1960. The information pertains to metal mines, as well as ore-dressing plants and primary nonferrous smelters, refineries and reduction plants, and their auxiliary works. These data are voluntarily submitted annually to the Bureau of Mines by the operators, and contribute greatly toward the promotion of safety in the mineral industries. The data presented are classified according to the principal mineral produced and include information on copper, iron, lead-zinc, gold-silver lode, gold placer, uranium-vanadium and miscellaneous metals. A breakdown of miscellaneous metals by commodities is shown in table 19, page 41. The data also relate to workers engaged in production, exploration, development, construction, and maintenance and repair work, as well as supervisory personnel and office- workers at the mine or plant site. Injury and employment data at metal mines and metallurgical plants in the United States for 1960 are shown under the following general sections:

Jan 1, 1963

By D. B. Taliaferro, Thomas Jennings, C. M. Keithly

"INTRODUCTION This report describes the methods of development and operation and gives the results of controlled water injection into oil sands in Illinois. It is the third of a group relating to water-flooding operations in various States; previous reports have covered projects in Oklahome 5/ and Kansas.6/ Systmatic water flooding has been in progress, in these States, for more 10 years. In Illinois the Tide Water Associated Oil Co. has been injesting water into one or two wells on each of five leases in the Robinson Acknowledgments This study was made under the general supervision of R. A. Cattell, chief engineer, and H. C. Fowler, assistant chief engineer, Petroleum and Natural Gas Division, Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C., and N. A. C. Smith, supervising engineer, Petroleum Experiment Station, Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Okla., and under the direct supervision of Ludwig Schmidt, senior petroleum engineer, Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Okla.The cooperation of the operators who are conducting water-flooding projects and who have made this report possible by furnishing data on their operations is gratefully acknowledged. The writers are grateful also to the following members of the Bureau of Mines for assistance in preparation and criticism of the manuscript: C. J. Wilhelm, Franklin, Pa.; and Gustav Wade, R. E. Heithecker, and Peter Grandone, Bartlesville, Okla. The illustrations were prepared by Helen Cramer, Petroleum Experiment Station, Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Okla."

Aug 1, 1944

By W. L. Hunter

The research on this report was conducted to obtain information on the feasibility of producing ferro chromium of varying silicon and carbon contents from domestic chromite. Concentrates from the Mouat deposit were chosen because they typify the chromite found in the Stillwater complex, the largest domestic reserve, and are similar in composition to other extensive North American and foreign deposits. Batch-smelting tests designed to produce high-, medium-, and low-carbon ferrochromium were made in single phase and three-phase, electric-arc, steelmaking furnaces. Agglomeration studies were made in a rotary kiln. Continuous smelting tests were made to yield data on the production of high-carbon ferro chromium and low-carbon ferrochromium-silicon. The carbon content of high-carbon ferrochromium was lowered to the medium-carbon range by oxygen injection. Mouat stockpile concentrates were nodulized in a gas-fired rotary kiln using quartz, limestone, and fluorspar additions in the proportion necessary to flux the slag. The nodules were smelted in a continuous test using coal, coal char, and mixtures of the two consecutively as reductants.

Jan 1, 1961

By L. C. IlsLey, M. W. Von Bernewitz

"Introduction.Several hundred thousand open lights are daily carried in coal mines of the United States, each lamp being a menace to life and property through fire or explosion. They have been responsible for many disasters in the past, and will be again. Flame safety lamps have been available for over a hundred years, but during the last ten years safe and practical electric lamps have been perfected. These have eliminated many of the flame safety lamps, and in a few mines have replaced open flame lamps. But there are still more than twice as many open lamps as electric lamps in our mines, and the open lamps should be discarded in favor of an approved type of electric lamp. There are several electric miners' lamps which have been approved by the Bureau of Mines for safety and efficiency, give good light, and are easily maintained and carried, some flame safety lamps will always be used, hut mostly for detecting gas; although they might be supplanted if some simple, reliable, and cheap gas detector were developed.Explosion Hazards from Open Lights.An open light and gas*** constitute a vicious hazard; while if there be coal dust present in the vicinity the consequences are multiplied many times. An open light and black blasting powder also constitute an explosion hazard, vividly attested by several serious disasters."

Jan 1, 1924

By M. Carrales

This Bureau of Mines report presents information on the sulfur content of crude oil in the United States and in some foreign countries. Data are presented for oil produced in 1971 from fields in 26 States that accounted for about 76 percent of total U.S. oil production; the foreign data cover fields in 24 foreign countries that accounted for about 64 percent of the total oil produced from these countries in 1971. Most of the data are presented in tabular form.

Jan 1, 1975

By R. H. Grau, S. B. Robertson, R. B. Krog, T. P. Mucho

Due to the difficulties of ventilating large opening stone mines, the effective dilution of diesel particulate matter and noxious gases has often been problematic. Since stone mines have large openings that develop low air resistances, and propeller fans are designed for low pressure-high volume applications, main mine propeller fans may be a feasible option for ventilating underground stone mines. This paper describes the results of a case study where researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have demonstrated that significant increases in total mine airflow can be achieved and the ventilation improved in a large-opening stone mine by replacing an axial-vane mine fan with two 12-ft diameter propeller fans and adding a line of stoppings. In this study, the use of the propeller fans more than doubled the air quantity from 300,000 cfm to 750,000 cfm, while operating at 50 horsepower less than the original axial-vane fan.