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The drill steel' sharpening shop, which stands adjacent to the Chaffers shaft, is built to the dimensions of 110 ft. 9 in. by 58 ft. wide, and is air conditioned in order to maintain reasonable working conditions during the summer months.Figure 1 is a plan of the shop, showing the disposition of the machines and equipment.LIST OF STEEL SHOP EQUIPMENTAir Conditioning Plant comprising:-1 Spray and Eliminator Type Air Cooler, 6' ft. x 7 ft. x 6 ft. with 80 fine sprays.1 No. 36 Keith type ER. Ball Bearing upcast multivane centrifugal fan.20,000 cfm. a in. WG. at 450 r.p.m.Fan motor, A.G.E. S.C. 10 h.p. 1,160 r.p.m.1 Water Pump. 2?!-3-in. Thompson Class G. Single Stage Centrifugal Pump.1 Pump Motor, A.G.E. S.C. 70 h.p. 1,160 r.p.m.Drill Steel Sharpening Equipment:-2 Holman Sharpening Machines, No. 11.1 Ingersoll Rand Sharpening Machine, No. 54.5 Ingersoll Rand Sharpening Machines, No. 50.2 Holman Hot Millers, Type DM. Double Spindle Machines.2 Morgan Hot Millers, Type 1.6 Reamers consisting of motors with Ingersoll Rand Chuck fitted to the shaft and carrying a reamer of i-in. square Ultra Capital Steel Motors, A.G.E. S.C. 1 h.p. 1,160 r.p.m.4 Double-sided Drill Sharpening Furnaces, oil fired with L.P. "Major" 2-in. non-rotary whirl type burners.Combustion Chamber, 2 ft. 4 in. x 6 in. x 12 in. Oil consumption, 3·3 to 3·8 gallons per hour.Furnace Lining, Standard Kyanite.Firebricks, 9 in. x 3 in. x 4 in.2 Moving Frame type double-sided tip hardening furnaces, oil fired using High Pressure Air reduced to 3 lb. per square inch.Combustion Chamber, 3 ft. 5 in. x 5 in. x 16 in.Burners, "Major" L.P. 2-in. non-rotary whirl type.Oil consumption, 3·3 to 3'8 gallons per hour.Furnace lining-bottom and sides, 60 only 9 in. x 3 in. x 4 in. Kyanite bricks.

Jan 1, 1941

By I. M. Ahmed, R. S. Hassan, M. I. Aly

Extraction and separation of La, Sm and Dy ions from acidic sulfate-phosphate solutions was investigated using a cation exchange extractant, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid, CYANEX 272, in kerosene. The influence of shaking time, equilibrium pH, extractant, sulfate and phosphate ion concentrations, diluent type and temperature was studied. The extraction was found to be pH-dependent, and increasing the phosphate ion concentration inhibited the extraction which was found to be endothermic. The stoichiometry of the extracted metal species was found to be MOH.H2OHSO4H2A.A2. Aliphatic diluents were found to enhance the extraction compared to aromatic diluents. The results showed that there was a separation mode between the metal ions when varying the hydrogen ion and sulfate ion concentrations, under the used experimental conditions. The investigated process was used for the recovery of La, Sm and Dy from the acid solution resulting from the leaching of low-grade monazite.

By Dwayne C. Kicker

This paper introduces the concept of design theory and methodology as applied to rock mechanics for more innovative and efficient design. This is a "frontier" research area in rock mechanics because although design is a fundamental foundation to all engineering branches, very little attention has been paid to this aspect in mining. In discussing the theoretical premise of design, this paper identifies the principles which form the basis of design activity. Also, from a practical viewpoint, the findings from a series of interviews with mine design engineers are presented. These findings lead to the identification of needs arising from overlooked design methodology in practice.

Jan 1, 1989

By Edmund Newton

This paper is one of a series comprising the Mineral Industries Survey of the United States, which was begun in 1935. It describes the simple methods of mining and beneficiating manganese ore, in eastern Tennessee and compares these methods with those used elsewhere in the Appalachian region. The report contains general information on manganese to give a clearer understanding of the methods and costs of mining and. beneficiating manganese ore foam a widespread deposit, an in addition presents zone difficulties normally fond in these operations. The marketing, uses, and value of manganese ore are discussed as well as the amount of capital necessary for effective operation on given scale of production, and requirements are outlines for successful operation of manganese, property in this region.

Jan 1, 1941

By Lloyd R. Nelson

Selective carbothermic reduction is the preferred method of treatment of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust (listed hazardous waste, K061). The process maximizes the recovery of recyclable constituents by concurrent production of saleable zinc metal (directly condensed from the furnace off-gases), an innocuous, disposable iron oxide-rich slag, and some metallic iron. Results of a mineralogical investigation of a foaming slag produced during selective carbothermic reduction treatment of EAF dusts are presented. Wiistite and tricalcium silicate were identified by reflected light microscopy as the primary crystalline phases contained in a glassy matrix, but this technique failed to reveal any solid phases that could have significantly contributed to foam stability. It was concluded therefore, that the foam had been unstable, and had been primarily generated by copious gas evolution associated with the sudden reduction of the slag by an inadvertent addition of carbonaceous reductant. This is consistent with the susceptibility to foaming, when subjected to sudden excesses of carbon, of the slags produced by selective carbothermic reduction, because they still contain unreduced components such as iron oxide.

Jan 1, 1994

By Anthony T. Iannacchione

The Roof Fall Risk Index (RFRI) is a new method introduced by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to assist the underground stone mine operator in 1) assessing defects the mine strata and 2) rating the relative roof fall risk these defects pose. The RFRI utilizes observational techniques to identify defects in the roof strata caused by local geologic, stress, and mining conditions. Assessment values for ten defined defect categories provides the foundation for estimating a range of risk conditions between 0 and 100 that define the potential for a roof fall. This paper examines how the defect information is collected using two field verification sites and proposes methods to analyze the RFRI data. These examples provide information on how well the method replicates observed conditions and how it might be applied in practice.

Jan 1, 2006

By T. Chong, R. Pesalj, B. Marchant, Z. Nikic

"The Mount Polley copper/gold project is located in central British Columbia and is currently being developed by Imperial Metals Corporation. Extensive laboratory and pilot plant testing was required to develop acceptable metallurgy for recovery of both sulphide and oxide copper-gold mineralization. Copper recovery is highly sensitive to oxide copper content of the feed whereas gold is primarily associated with the copper sulphide minerals. A conventional flowsheet where sulphide flotation is followed by sulphidization and oxide scavenging is described. The conventional flowsheet was used in a feasibility study which resulted in a favourable production decision at Mount Polley. Detailed engineering and permitting are in progress.More recently, laboratory and pilot testing of a new flotation reagent, S-6493*, an oxide specific collector, has indicated that improved copper recovery can be accomplished with reduced reagent consumption, including elimination of the sulphidization step, using S-6493 compared with the conventional flowsheet. The comparative metallurgical results using S-6493 and conventional sulphidization methods are presented, from both bench scale and pilot testing. Comparative economics of the conventional flowsheet and that using S-6493 are also presented. Advantages of S-6493 include reduced reagent costs, increased revenues from additional copper recovery, and overall reduction in capital and plant operating costs due to the simplified flowsheet. INTRODUCDONThe Mount Polley copper/gold property is located in Central British Columbia, 56 air kilometres northeast of Williams Lake. The first recorded exploration was in 1964. By 1989, a total of 238 diamond drill holes, totalling 27, 522 meters, was completed to detail reserves on the Mount Polley prospect. A number of drill core composites were submitted, containing a variety of oxide copper levels, for metallurgical flowsheet development. Six bulk samples were collected from surface trenches for additional bench scale testing and for pilot plant testing."

Jan 1, 1991

By K. Oraee

A comprehensive, harmonic and sustainable development has always been a real concern of state policy makers. To reach such development, regional planning is an approach which is widely applied. This paper deals with policies adopted by a given country with rich mineral deposits, in order to accomplish a mining growth as well as economic development in relatively poor regions. In this regards, first, some worldwide experiences belonging to China, with large scale mining operations and Nigeria with a small scale mining industry, are studied. The mining industry in Iran is then considered as a case study. The study continues by categorizing and prioritizing Iranian regions based on their mining potential and the degree of development, using statistical analysis and Taxonomy and AHP techniques. Results obtained serve to provide recommendations as to where capital investments in the mining industry would produce highest returns. The approach used, together with the practical policies suggested in this paper, can be used to adapt appropriate strategies for mining development in a way that contributes to regional development and a more effective income distribution.

Jan 1, 2012

By H. William Zeller, T. E. Westpha1

The U.S. Bureau of Mimes evaluated the effects of two iron-based fuel additives on diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions. The 5.6-L, six-cylinder test engine is typical of engines used in underground mines. One additive, ferrous picrate, did not measurably affect exhaust emissions. This report is mainly about a ferrocene-based additive that reduced DPM between 4 and 45 pct, depending on engine operating conditions. The report concludes that the DPM reductions were caused by the catalytic oxidation properties of a ferric oxide coating that developed inside the engine's combustion chamber. The ferric oxide coating also decreased gas-phase hydrocarbons and O, but it increased CO, and NO,. The increase in NO,, of about 12 pct, is considered the only adverse effect of the ferrocene-based fuel additive. The results suggest that the effectiveness of ferrocene was partially offset by increased sulfates because of the high-sulfur fuel used. Recommendations for continuing fuel additive research are presented.

Jan 1, 1992

By Phil Pennington, D. Jack Adams

Mining and processing of minerals, metals, and fossil fuels can release selenium and arsenic into wastewaters. Both selenium and arsenic are difficult to remove to levels that meet current drinking water and discharge criteria. These metalloids can be used as electron acceptors by microorganisms transforming them back to reduced states, thus removing or stabilizing them. Bioremediation cost effectiveness will be discussed in terms of site information required, microbial populations, co-contaminants, pH, redox, and nutrients. Full-scale, economical ex situ and in situ biotreatments are possible and can produce 1,000’s of times less sludge than conventional precipitation technologies.

Jan 1, 2005

By Brown A

An experimental evaluation of a selective agglomeration process in which an agglomerated coal rich phase was produced as a result of mixing light oil to various raw coal slurries is described. The beneficiation achieved by this method is compared to that obtained bv conventional froth flotation. The results suggest' that oil agglomeration is a more selective process than froth flotation and is less sensitive to variations in feed pulp density. Selective agglomeration has the additional advantage of producing a low moisture content product. The effect of replacing flotation filter cake with an equivalent amount of selectively agglomerated product in coke-making was studied with the aid of a pilot-scale coke oven. The results suggest that the principal effect of such a measure is to increase the bulk density of the charge.

Jan 1, 1977

By M. A. Elliott, H. H. Schrenk, L. B. Berger, John C. Holtz

"INTRODUCTION Diesel-powered locomotives designed specifically for underground operation were used in the construction of some of the tunnels that comprise the Delaware Aqueduct in New York State. Before this there had been limited use of Diesel-powered equipment such as trucks, bulldozers, and shovels in tunnel construction in various parts of the country, but this equipment was used without modification for underground use and, in some instances, appar¬ently without due consideration of the hazards that might be created by the introduction of fuel-burning equipment into confined underground spaces.As certain definite advantages were apparent if Diesel haulage could be used in tunnel construction in some sections of the Aqueduct, the contractors who were to construct the tunnels in these sections were desirous of using, this type of haulage equipment if it could be used with safety. This matter was given careful consideration by the various agencies concerned with the establishment of safe practices on the Aqueduct project before tunnel driving was started. Of chief concern were the quantities of toxic or objectionable materials that would be discharged into the tunnel air by the exhaust of the locomotives and the volume of ventilating air that would be required to dilute these exhaust gas products to concentrations permissible in the atmosphere of working places."

Jan 1, 1947

By M J. Nugus

The Geita gold mines in north-western Tanzania have produced 5 Moz of gold from an estimated endowment of 15 Moz. They are generally classified as typical Archaean orogenic banded iron formations (BIF)-hosted gold deposits in banded iron formations as described by Goldfarb, Groves and Gardoll (2001); Neall and Phillips (1987); Phillips and Powell (1993) and Neall (1987). The controls on gold mineralisation have been reassessed to conclude that Nyankanga, and we conclude that Nyankanga, the largest deposits within the group, developed during a dynamic and protracted deformation history intimately associated with several stages of hydrothermal fluid flow and alteration. The fluid-induced fractures associated with gold mineralisation are primarily manifested as submillimetre to metre-scale fractures and breccias developed preferentially in rocks that have been previously deformed and altered by silicification or seafloor metasomatism. This realisation detracts from the exploration and mining strategies that would solely concentrate on fluid pathways and associated wallrock alteration and veining solely within the BIFs as hosts for economic gold mineralisation.

Aug 22, 2011

By Koch D. F A

An electrochemical study of the dissolution of gold in aerated cyanide solution shows that the dissolution rate is determined by the nature of the surface. A passive film (probably a basic cyanide) formed at -0·6 V vs a saturated calomel electrode inhibits both the anodic dissolution of gold and the cathodic reduction of oxygen. Thallium has an "activating" effect on these reaction mechanisms.INTRODUCTIONIn general the dissolution rate of a solid in a liquid is studied by weight loss measurements or analysis of the solution at known time intervals. However, if the solid is a metallic conductor, on which a redox reaction can occur at the metal-solution interface, it can be studied by electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical measurements have the advantage that the overall reaction can be separated into its components, in some cases by electrical measurements alone, and in others by a combination of these with analytical determinations.The overall equation for the dissolution of gold in aerated cyanide solution may be written4Au + 02+ 8CN- + 2H20 = 4Au (CN)2- + 40H- ..... (1)which can be separated into the two electrochemical componentsrepresenting the oxidation of gold and the reductionof ogygen respectively.4Au + 8CN-,= 4Au(CN)2- + 4eand O2+ 2H20 + 4e = 40H- These two reactions occur at the gold-electrolyte interface and it is the purpose of this paper to discuss the mechanism...

Jan 1, 1964

I HAVE to thank the members of the Institute most cordially for the honour conferred upon me in selecting me President, which position my poor services have prevented my filling adequately. I have, therefore only been able to stumble through my year of office under the guiding direction of our esteemed Secretary. I fully appreciate the honour done to me; and, now that it is over, I can look back with pride and pleasure at having occupied the chair; but I am told that it remains for me to fill one of the requirements of our Institute and present you with what has been dignified by the name of a presidential address. My relief in complying with this is in the knowledge of its freedom from the usual discussion which appertains to papers presented by our worthy members. It has been usual in the past for the subject chosen to be specially connected with the work immediately engaging the attention of your president, and on this occasion I would like to break away from this time-honoured custom and engage your attention for a brief space on what is equally dear to us all namely, Ideals of the Profession. In doing so, the retort of Whistler to an art student gives me, I must admit, much misgiving, for, on being asked how he developed his artistic talents, replied that he painted what he saw, which produced the immediate reply, "Ah, but the tragedy will come when you see what...

Jan 1, 1909

By Greg Ford

Each year, companies spend millions of dollars on safety training and on safe equipment, money that is generally well spent. Despite that, we still make mistakes. What happens if the mistakes are made not because of inadequate training, but because we are hard-wired to act in a certain way? If you read any of the ?Because of Human Error? text boxes in this document, situations like these may look familiar in your own workplace. ?The issues of risk, health, safety and the environment are getting more attention now than ever before, at all levels of the organization,? said Calvin Price, vice president of Global Health and Safety at LNC-Lavalin Inc., a company with 21,000 workers worldwide. Most would agree with Price that attention to safety is increasing because responsible companies care about their workers and the workers? colleagues, families and communities. However, cynics might say that the safety spotlight is powered by the corporate bottom line. Direct costs created by workplace injuries total $51.8 billion annually and include workers? compensation payments, medical expenses, civil liability damages and litigation expenses. This sum represents a staggering one quarter of each dollar of pretax corporate profits. Indirect costs may run as much as 20 times the direct costs of on-the-job accidents and illnesses. Examples of indirect costs include training replacement employees, investigating the accident and implementing corrective measures, lost productivity, repairing damaged equipment and property, and costs associated with lower employee morale and absenteeism. What?s interesting is that up to 90 percent of incidents are due to human error, not faulty equipment or other factors.

Aug 1, 2013

By Raymond A. Mazzoni

Over the last twenty years, roof support technology has made numerous advances since the original wedge and slotted bolts of the 1950's. By comparison, the roof supports used today are more complex and specialized than the supports used in the past, providing mines with a varied selection of supports from which to choose. As a result, when problems with supports are encountered, it is more difficult to determine whether it is the result of geological changes, poor installation practices, or malfunctioning supports. Recognizing this problem, MSHA's Roof Control Division of the Pittsburgh Safety and Health Technology Center, has undertaken the task of publishing a guide for trouble¬shooting problems encountered with roof support systems. The purpose of this guide is to provide a logical sequence to resolving the most common problems encountered with roof supports. The objective of this paper is to introduce this guide to the mining industry as well as provide insight into the evolution of the guide from its beginnings as rudimentary charts to its more comprehensive present format as a practical guide for use by the mining commu¬nity.

Jan 1, 1997

By S. K. Mitterecker, T. Hofbauer, F. Baerhold

"Acid regeneration is a very important process step in each acid leach circuit. It is required to recover dissolved metals and HCl from spent leaching acid. Andritz Metals presents its recently commissioned spray roast pilot plant. The facility is now available for testing and demonstrating acid recovery or metal oxide production which is a requirement in several flow sheets under development for the mining and specialized oxides industries. Results from pilot test campaigns are reported here. We are currently focusing on a nickel ore leaching process, which requires both a feasible iron control and acid regeneration step. In addition, we disclose the results of a magnesium ore and aluminium recycling test campaign conducted in our pilot plant facility.INTRODUCTION Hydrochloric acid regeneration is widely used in the steel industry to regenerate spent pickle liquors into hydrochloric acid at a typical concentration of 18 wt.%. Andritz Metals (formerly known as Ruthner) has built more than 200 acid regeneration plants worldwide (Andritz Metals brochure). As technology leaders Andritz also has vast experience with specialty metal oxide plants, producing metal oxides such as aluminium oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), nickel oxide (NiO), cobalt oxide (Co3O4) and mixed oxides from metal chloride solutions (Baerhold F., Lebl A., Starcevic J., 2006), (Jedlicka, H., n.d.), (Ruthner M.J., Krischner H., 1973), (Ruthner Ind. Planungs AG, 1967). Hydrochloric acid leach circuits have been developed and proven in the industry for many years. Examples of industrial applications are: synthetic rutile production (TiO2) (Walpole E.A., Winter J.D., 2002), Quebec Iron and Titanium’s UGS process (Patoine M.-C., De Mori A., Borowiec K., Coscia C., 2002), magnesium and potassium production (Priemer H., 1973) and Goro Nickel (Vahed A., Colton D.F., Duterque J.P., Karner W., Baerhold F., 2004), (Taylor A., 2013). One of the critical process steps in developing a hydrometallurgical process is acid regeneration, as it is an economic requirement to recover both the dissolved metals and acid (commonly HCl) from the spent leaching solution."

Jan 1, 2016

By J. C. Edwards

A series of four coal combustion experiments (I)' was conducted at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory in the Safety Research Coal Mine to evaluate the response of optical and ionization smoke and CO sensors to a small 0.61 m square smoldering coal fire which transitions to flaming combustion in the presence of diesel emissions. With the increased utilization of diesel engines in underground coal mines, it is important to be able to discriminate fire products-of-combustion (POC) from diesel emissions. One proposed method to accomplish this is the deployment and interpretation of multiple sensors.

Jan 1, 2010

By J. Yue

"Mount Milligan mine is located in northern British Columbia. The concentrator employs conventional SABC grinding circuit with bulk sulphide flotation processes. Commissioning started in September of 2013 and nameplate production of 60,000 TPD was reached in the fourth quarter of 2015. As is typical with many mill ramp ups, bottlenecks developed as throughput increased. Since then, plant modifications and new control philosophies in the comminution and flotation circuits have been implemented and evaluated. The mine-to-mill collaboration played a key role in reaching target throughput rates by improving blast fragmentation and implementing temporary pre-crushing. Results of the projects as well as ongoing challenges/bottlenecks and solutions will be discussed.IntroductionMount Milligan Mine is a copper-gold producer located approximately 253 km northwest of Prince George in British Columbia. Production commenced in September 2013 and reached nameplate capacity of 60,000 TPD in December 2015. Average head grades for the mine life average 0.18% Cu and 0.39 g/t Au.Circuit DesignOriginal process design began with run-of-mine ore from the pit crushed through a 60-110 gyratory crusher, conveyed to a live ore stockpile and fed to the mill via four variable apron feeders. The concentrator circuit employs SAG mill - Ball mill - Pebble Crusher (SABC) grinding configuration to grind the ore down to a target P80 of ~200µm. It is then fed to two parallel trains of flotation tanks, each consisting of five 200 m3 tank cells with the first two being roughers and last three being scavengers. Concentrate streams from roughers and scavengers are separately reground with a closed circuit Tower mill and two open circuit ISA mills operating in parallel, respectively.Three stages of cleaners upgrade roughers/scavenger products to 25% Cu followed by a cleaner scavenger stage. The final concentrate is then thickened and filtered to approximately 9% moisture and shipped off site (Figure 1)."

Jan 1, 2017