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By Elihu Thompson

The subject of welding by electricity has been so recently and so ably treated by Sir Frederick Brsmwell before the Institution of Civil Engineers* as to render evidently superfluous there-statement on this occasion of many facts and considerations which might be appropriately advanced, had they not been so well discussed in his paper already. The electrical arts grow rapidly in these days—a fact which is strikingly illustrated in the development of electric railways. In

Jan 1, 1891

By F. W. von Batchelder

The principles of microradiography and their application practically coincided with the discovery of X-rays. These principles were first used in the metallurgy field by Heycock and Neville1 in a study of the dendrite structure of alloys of Au-Na, Au-A1, Cu-A1, and Ag-A1. The method was introduced in the USA by clark2 after a visit to France. Scores of papers have been written, and a very complete bibliography on this subject was compiled by the Eastman Kodak company. Although a number of papers have discussed X-ray

Jan 1, 1959

By Charles Willard Hayes

Shortly after the discovery of black phosphate on Swan creek, in Hickman county, Tennessee, prospectors familiar with the Florida phosphate came to the region and began the search for rock similar to that found in Florida. Among these was Mr. E. Slattery, who located at Linden, in Perry county. He gave a piece of the Florida rock to Mr. C. C. Sutton, and the latter discovered on Tom's creek a deposit which bore a strong

Jan 1, 1896

Thirteen Directors, the Secretary, and seven guests were present. The formation of a Philadelphia. Section was discussed. The proposed rules for admission of additional societies to membership in Engineering Council were approved. An invitation was extended to the American Institute of Metals to become affiliated with the Institute upon the general terms proposed in the report of the Joint Conference Committee of the American Institute of Metals and the American Institute of Mining Engineers. The request of the Iron and. Steel Committee to hold a meeting in Milwaukee during the week of Oct. 7, 1918, was granted. The reports of the Treasurer and Finance Committee were accepted. A change in the By-laws was proposed. Thirty Members, two Associates, and four Junior Members were elected. The status of two Junior Members was changed to Member. The resignations of seven members were accepted. The clues of two members who are on active duty at the front were remitted. One member was reinstated to membership.

Jan 5, 1918

By Frank R. Milliken

Before the rather sudden economic downturn in recent months, shortages of materials were painfully felt throughout the US. The current recession has provided a temporary relief here and there-but energy fuels and a number of staples such as sugar are still in short supply. This is an unsolved and fundamental problem that will haunt us again as the economy turns up. There is an awareness that the nation faces a widening supply gap in many of its most basic materials-from asbestos to tungsten-as evidenced by recent studies and government reports, and by the Secretary of the Interior's annual warnings about the mounting seriousness of the problem.

Jan 3, 1975

By H. S. Strouth

JAMAICA-bauxite and gypsum-but what else? J Does the Caribbean island have anything more to offer in the form of mineral wealth? One answer may be iron ore deposits which show enough promise to warrant exploitation in the near future by a company associated with Standard Ore & Alloys Corp. In addition, Jamaica is reported to have gold, silver, platinum, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and a great many nonmetallic minerals. Of these, only platinum has not been produced commercially in the past. Right now, Jamaican bauxite is getting most of the publicity, but not too long ago other mining operations were in progress. Lack of proper interest, insufficient roads, and scarcity of venture capital forced those mining properties to suspend production.

Jan 7, 1954

By G. E. Karantzavelos

Anew flotation process to recover alunite from low-grade alunite ores is described. The process begins with run-of-mine ore, reduced to less than 5 mm (0.2 in.), being preconditioned with the reagents before grinding and alunite flotation. From the preconditioning step, ore particles, impregnated with reagents, form pellets that subsequently disintegrate into the pulp during grinding. The second step is basically a standard alunite flotation step. Pilot plant test results show that an alunite concentrate assaying at least 85% alunite and less than 5% silica can be produced. Laboratory and pilot plant results were in excellent agreement, indicating that the new process is a viable means of alunite beneficiation. Plant results, using the new process, were superior to results from conventional alunite flotation procedure.

Jan 1, 1986

Canadian owned Lake are carriers will be used again this year in an attempt to make up the deficit caused by the two months steel-strike. Buffalo mills need between 5 million and 6 million tons of ore before the Lakes navigation season ends. Mutual Security Program aid will help reactivate Austria's largest iron ore mine. The Erzberg development is one of the moat important in Europe. MSA announced approval of $500,000 in supplemental financing of equipment. Following the war, the Russians stripped the Erzberg and Radmar deposits of equipment. The he Carborundum Corp. is going to build a $2.44 million plant at Akron, NO.. TOP near Niagara Falls for production of rare metals used by the Atomic Energy Commission. A subsidiary, the Carborundum Metals Co., Inc.,, will produce zirconium, hafnium sponge metals. The pyrochlore rich Sukulu Hills in Eastern Uganda will be mined under a pool arrangement including Tinto Mines, Monsanto Chemicals and Frobisher Mines. The combine will be known as the Uganda Development Corp., Pyrochlore is used in the manufacture of heat-resisting. alloys for Jet engines.

Jan 1, 1952

By W. L. Staker

The Bureau of Mines investigated selective extraction of Au and Ag from a low-grade Au ore containing Hg. Gold and silver were extracted from the ore in cyanide slurries, and Hg extraction was suppressed with sodium or calcium sulfide. Maximum Au extraction and minimum Hg extraction were obtained using solutions containing 0.34 lb NaCN/ton of solution. Increasing the cyanide concentration increased Hg extraction without increasing Au extraction. Mercury extraction from the ore was suppressed with 0.5 to 2.9 lb CaS/lb Hg in the ore. Gold-to-mercury ratios of 100:l to 400:l were obtained in the leach solution, and on the activated carbon in a CIP circuit.

Jan 1, 1984

By Byron W. Cheever

Of the elements found in iron and steel, none has attracted more attention than phosphorus. It is considered the great enemy of the steel manufacturer-, and the chief aim has been and is to keep it out by using pure crude material, or when once in, to eliminate it or counteract its effect. Its presence is manifested in various ways, but most of all by producing a condition called cold-shortness. The first question, then, which presents itself is, What per cent. of phosphorus produces this condition ? I have searched very carefully for an answer to this question, but have failed to find one. Authors generally agree that wrought-iron may have a larger per

Jan 1, 1887

By H. H. Hasler

THE mining and removal of coal from two or more beds, either simultaneously or consecutively, in vertically adjacent areas have always been matters of concern to mine operators from both operating and recovery points of view. However, with the progressive introduction and use of electrical and mechanical facilities, such problems assume even greater proportions. In this paper typical cases occuring in Cambia County, Pa., are given and procedures whereby such problems may be greatly reduced, if not entirely eliminated, are suggested.

Jan 5, 1951

By William C. Peters

The experiences of exploration crews with mineral land acquisition could be graphed to show a correlation with the natural law that everything tends to become more so. A single step, such as that of taking a series of deep soil samples, is sometimes delayed until some sense can be made from floating unpatented claims which are obscure in orientation as well as position-placer claims, overlapping lode claims, location posts with empty Prince Albert cans and claims with no apparent assessment work for ten years. Add to this some patented claims without monuments, a state or federal withdrawal area which may or may not invalidate preexisting claims, a loosely defined tunnel site, and some ranchers who understandably resent the separation of surface rights from mineral rights.

Jan 1, 1970

By T. F. Petty

During 1935 there were drilled in North Central Texas 1071 wells, of which 565 were dry holes, 469 were oil wells with an initial production of 43,766 bbl. and 37 were gas wells with an initial production of 129,332,000 cu. ft. Production has been 14,180,042 bbl., or a daily average of 38,849 bbl. In Table 1 are listed the various pools of the district. Most of the smaller pools are of minor importance and are merely productive spots. Numerous other similar spots might have been listed as pools but their production is included in other fields. There are a few flowing wells but practically all of the wells are being pumped. The estimated potential is about 50,000 bbl. and the allowable production is based on the Texas Marginal Well Law. In Table 2, wildcat wells that have resulted in the discovery of pools or important extensions to old pools or that have contributed to the geological information of the area are listed.

Jan 1, 1936

By T. M. Chatard, Cabell Whitehead

The Republic mine, situated forty miles from Marcus, a station on the Spokane Falls and Northern Railroad, in the northeastern part of the State of Washington, was located in 1896, but no development-work was dolie until the spring of 1897. While much of the ore mined since then has been rich enough for shipment to smelters, a method of locally treating the lower-grade ores soon became a matter of prime importance, because only about 40 per cent. of the values could be recovered by plain amalgamation, even with ores assaying 4 to 5 ounces of gold per ton. Experiments with cyanidation, in various ways, led to the adoption of the Pelatan-Clerici process and the erection on this system of a 10-ton experimental plant, which was later increased to a capacity of 35 tons per day. The extractions by this process showed much improvement over previous work, especially when the ore was crushed to

Jan 1, 1901

By C. L. Sollenberger, R. B. Greenwalt

PERHAPS the most widely used dispersants or gangue depressants in nonmetallic flotation are sodium silicates, which vary in silica-to-soda ratio from 1 to 3.75. Typical manufactured silicates in order of decreasing solubility and increasing amounts of silica are Metso, silica-to-soda ratio of 1.00; D, 2.00; RU, 2.40; K, 2.90; N, 3.22; and S-35, 3.75.* References in flotation literature's to the use of sodium silicates are often weak because they fail to mention the type of silicate used. Metso and silicate N have occasionally been mentioned, but when the type of silicate is not mentioned, it is usually assumed to be N, the cheapest of the soluble silicates and the one recommended by sodium silicate manufacturers as a flotation agent.

Jan 6, 1958

By F. Hulsmeir

The increase in drilling activities in Venezuela noted during the latter half of 1932 continued, and 132 wells were completed in 1933 as compared to only 60 completed during 1932. Notwithstanding these new wells, 114 of which were producers, and also the appreciable increase in artificial lifting installations during the year, Venezuelan production was maintained at only a slightly higher level than in 1932, amounting to 120,356,000 bbl. in 1933 as compared to 118,167,000 bbl. in 1932. However, at the end of the year the daily average production of 358,-860 bbl. was 16 per cent higher than that at the end of 1932. Exports from Venezuela recorded an increase of approximately 4 per cent, totaling

Jan 1, 1934

By Eugene A. Alexandrov

The Minister of Geology of the Soviet Union P.Ya. Antropov, recently visited China and claims that this country occupies one of the foremost places in the world in reserves of tin, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony, iron ore, coal, and phosphates. Occurrences of economic value of chromite, nickel, gold, beryllium, tantalum, niobium, rare earths, and asbestos have also been reported. MINERAL RESOURCES Coal: The inferred reserves of coal are estimated at at 1,500 billion tons. A considerable part of the coal reserves is represented by coking coal, 80% of which is bituminous. Thicknesses of coal seams range up to 150 ft in the principal deposits located in northern and northeastern China. The total output of coal in 1958, 270 million tons, was produced by an army of 20 million people mainly in small mines operated by the agricultural communes. Modern hydraulic mining is applied besides primitive, obsolete methods and equipment

Jan 3, 1960

By Roger L. Winter, Borje O. Saxberg

Some form of wage incentives has been used traditionally in the mining industry to determine miners' pay. However, very little is actually known about the administration of such wage incentive plans in mining. As far as the authors know this is the first time a general examination of wage incentive systems as applied to underground mining has been undertaken.* This article reports the results of an investigation pertaining to the administration of wage incentive programs for miners who drill, blast, and load- mainly in underground metallic mining operations. This investigation was conducted to obtain management's views and attitudes towards wage incentives; therefore, the results do not necessarily represent accurately the thoughts of the miners themselves nor those of any organized union of miners.

Jan 10, 1960

By Frank J. Anderson

IN the cement region of the Lehigh Valley, a difference of 2 to 3 pct in CaCO3 can make or break a new quarry development, and experience of the Dragon Cement Co. has shown that values of calcium carbonate, as reported from churn drill samples, have been increased as much as 6 pct on the average when the same area was diamond drilled. This calcium carbonate increase consequently lowered the values for silica, iron, and alumina, and made these sections much more attractive. Since 1950, the Dragon Cement Co. Inc. has been engaged in extensive diamond drilling in the local limestone of the Northampton, Pa., region, known as the Jacksonburg formation, and in the Lebanon, Pa., region in the Annville limestone, both of Ordovician age.

Jan 12, 1954

By Thomas E. Howard

Scientific research in mining has a comparatively short history. So long as it was possible to maintain adequate mineral supplies by long-established methods, there was little need for the scientific approach. That the end of this comfortable situation is at hand is evinced by the variety and rapidly growing amount of mining research in progress all over the world. The pattern of development of mining research in other countries shows that it started only after a problem became critical. Therefore, the work generally has been short range and usually concentrated on a specific problem. An example is the preoccupation in western Europe with the problem of strata control.

Jan 1, 1962