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By Sydney H. Ball

MINERALS used primarily for personal adornment and decorative purposes are called precious stones. To be so prized, the stones must possess beauty of color, must not be too common, and must be hard enough to withstand ordinary wear. If transparent, they must have brilliancy and fire. Almost one hundred minerals have been used as precious stones, the noble gems being the diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire; pearls are frequently included by courtesy. These gem stones, however, are sometimes equaled in beauty by fine opals, aquamarines, ourmalines, spinels, chrysoberyls (both cat's-eye and alexandrite), and spodumenes (hiddenite and kunzite). The Greeks, Romans, and medieval Europeans grouped together gem stones according to color and degree of transparency, and only as the niceties of mineralogy began to be known, about a century ago, was it realized how many different minerals have the beauty required of gem stones. Pliny, for example, did not distinguish between rubies and the red varieties of spinel and garnet, although he conjectured that the beryl and emerald were one mineral. GENERAL SURVEY Early man treasured bright colored berries, attractive shells, white teeth of wild animals and brightly colored pebbles, and used them as personal ornaments. In the eastern hemisphere, the earliest stones used were members of the quartz family (100,000 to 75,000 B.C.); then obsidian and amber (50,000 to 25,000 B.C.); the jade minerals, fluorspar and jet (22,000 to 7000 B.C.); turquoise (7000 to 3400 B.C.); lapis lazuli and garnet (prior to 3500 B.C.) ; emerald (2000 to 1800 B.C.) ; sapphire, ruby and diamond (800 to 500 B.C.). Indeed, gem mining is the oldest form of mining, and before any metals were known primitive man recognized about 18 gems and decorative stones. At first he sought them in stream gravels and residual deposits but by 3400 B.C. the turquoise mines of the Sinai Peninsula were operated. This was the world's first important hard-rock mining enterprise. The Afghanistan lapis lazuli mines may

Jan 1, 1949

By A. E. Jenkins, A. Jostsons

Isothermal sections of the Ti-0-H phase diagvam at 600°, 700°, and 800°C have been constructed from equilibrium hydrogen pressure measurements over a range of Ti-0-H alloys containing up to 34 at. pct 0. Oxygen reduces the hydrogen solubility at fixed hydrogen pressure but increases the terminal solubility in the a solid solutions at the a/(a + P) phase boundary. Metal-lographic studies of alloys annealed below the eutectoid temperature show that oxygen also increases the ter-ninal solubility of hydrogen in the a solid solution in equilibrium with the hydride phase. The effect of oxygen on hydrogen solubility is discussed in terms of the electronic and geometric structure of interstitial solid solutions. THE isothermal solubility of hydrogen in a Ti-0 alloys at 800°C has been measured by Hepworth and ~chuhmann' who subsequently used ternary Gibbs-Duhem integrations to calculate oxygen activities in binary Ti-0 alloys. The present study aims to extend Hepworth and Schuhmann's measurements to alloys richer in oxygen and to a range of temperatures. This paper presents the results of hydrogen equilibrium pressure/concentration measurements in Ti-0 alloys as well as observations on the effect of oxygen on the terminal solubility of hydrogen in a titanium. The thermodynamic properties of binary Ti-0 alloys, derived from these measurements, will be published separately.' EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Specimen Preparation. Ti-0 alloys were prepared from iodide-refined titanium and titanium dioxide obtained by hydrolysis of redistilled titanium tetrachlo- ride. Specimens containing up to 16 at. pct 0 were prepared by electromagnetic levitation3 whereas a conventional tungsten arc furnace with a water-cooled copper hearth was used to melt oxygen-rich alloys. The specimen homogeneity was indicated by the constancy of lattice parameters of samples from various parts of the ingot as well as by the sharpness of the reflections on X-ray powder patterns. Oxygen-rich specimens in the composition range (20 to 34 at. pct), where ordering has been ~bserved,~ were annealed for 300 hr at 600°C prior to use in hydrogen solubility measurements. Apparatus. The hydrogen pressure/concentration measurements were made with a modified Sieverts apparatus shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1. Specimens were placed in a clear silica tube and impurity pickup by direct reaction with silica was prevented by lining the heated end of the silica tube with thin molybdenum sheet. A double silica tube was required to eliminate loss of hydrogen by diffusion through silica at high temperatures and high hydrogen pressures, the space between the tubes being maintained at a hydrogen pressure equal to that above the specimen. Hydrogen was purified by diffusion through a Ag-Pd tube.= Hydrogen pressures were measured with a mercury McLeod gage in the range 0.001 to 4 Torr

Jan 1, 1968

By A. Adiassevich

PETROLEUM has been found in Russia in various localities from north to south, as may be seen from the list given below: (a) In the basin of the Petchora river, Northern Russia. (b) In the basin of the Volga river, in the governments of Samara and Saratoff. (c) In the government of Astrakhan and in the Uralsk territory, close to the northern and eastern coast of the Caspian sea. (d) At Grozny in Northeastern Caucasus. (e) In the Daghestan territory, Eastern Caucasus, on the Caspian sea. (f) On the Apsheron peninsula (Baku and other districts) close to the Caspian sea shore. (g) On the island of Tcheleken in the Caspian sea, also on the island of Sviatoi. (h) In the Transcaspian territory on the Neftianaia Gora (Oil hill) and on the surrounding hills. (i) In the Ferghana valley in Russian Central Asia. (j) On the Kertch and Taman peninsulas on the Black sea. (k) In Siberia it has been discovered in the Transbaikal territory and on the island of Sakhalin. In the above-mentioned districts petroleum has been found to exist under different geological conditions and to vary in its chemical and physical properties. At the present time petroleum is produced in Russia at Baku, Grozny, on the island of Tcheleken, in the Ferghana district, and in the Uralsk territory. The yearly production in 1912 throughout the Russian Empire amounted to 69,400,000 barrels, of which the Baku fields were responsible for 52,000,000 barrels. This shows that the Baku fields on the Apsheron peninsula are the chief oil-producing centers in Russia, being at the same time the oldest of all our oil fields.. In this paper I shall discuss the Baku fields only, leaving all the others until a later date.

Jan 5, 1914

By M. E. Wadsworth, A. E. Lewis, R. L. Braun

Experimental results obtained in laboratory leaching studies of primary copper sulfide ore in sulfuric acid systems pressurized with oxygen are interpreted by a computerized geometric model involving the movement of a reaction zone through the ore fragments. Physical properties of the ore, including size, shape, and mineral content, are considered. The leaching mechanism involves mixed kinetics and includes a surface reaction within a moving reaction zone plus pore diffusion of dissolved oxygen through the reacted portion of the ore fragment to the reaction zone. The results are applicable to conditions that would exist in nuclear solution mining or similar processes in which the ore is converted into rubble and then inundated by a leach solution adequately supplied with oxidants. Experimental results at 90°C are correlated with the model, which includes temperature-dependent parameters.

Jan 1, 1974

By C. B. Sawyer

ALTHOUGH the element beryllium was discovered as the oxide by L. N. Vauquelin in 1797, this metallic element was not produced until about 1828, and then only as an impure powder. Thereafter the greatest single contributor to our early knowledge of beryllium was Lebeau who, in about 1899, made pure beryllium crystals by electrolysis of the fluoride and then beryllium copper by the arc-furnace reduction of beryllium oxide with carbon and copper. About twenty-five years later, under the impetus of the work done by Siemens-Halske, beryllium commenced to make relatively rapid gains in industrial importance, principally when alloyed with copper. At the present half century mark, its use is firmly established in beryllium copper and in X-ray disks of pure beryllium. Its use as a moderator in nuclear processes in piles is engaging experimental attention and might become important. Other minor uses, but increasing in interest, are in nickel-base or iron-base alloys as a strengthening agent; as a protective agent against oxidation in aluminum and magnesium-base alloys; and as a ceramic in the form of the pure fused oxide. A false start was made in the wide use of beryllium oxide as a fired fluorescent powder known as beryllium-zinc silicate, a component of the inside coating of fluorescent lamps. This application, wherein general use by the public attained some importance, was abandoned a few years ago. This action was a consequence of the uneasiness which had been generated during the past decade by the sometimes fatal health hazard to the pulmonary tract now generally attributed to beryllium and some of its compounds. Numerous law-

Jan 1, 1953

America.-Foreman, J. T. Ashland.-Sturdevant, J. C. AItalIa. Henderson, R. M. Bessemer.-Ball, E. M. Maschmeyer, W. L. McKenzie, W. C., Jr. Birmingham.-Abbott, C. E. Aldrich, T. H. Aldrich, T. H., Jr Aufderhaar, H. C. Berg, H. A. Blair, C. S. Bush, M. W. Clark, G. H.

Jan 1, 1923

By Samuel L. Hoyt

The present report represents that part of the work that has been done by the War Minerals Investigation, Manganese Section, of the Bureau of Mines, on the use of manganese alloys in open-hearth practice. The magnitude of the work and the number of people participating in one way or another make it difficult to acknowledge adequately the services of all who have contributed to the success of the work. It would be amiss, however, to pass to the body of the report without mentioning the hearty cooperation and willingness to assist of the various manufacturing interests. With such a sympathetic attitude toward this investigation, our work was assured of success. Inasmuch as the unhappy circumstances that rendered this investigation necessary have now passed, this report is made in the hope that the results may prove of some permanent value to the peace-time operation of our open-hearth industry. Broadly speaking, the purpose of the manganese investigation was to consider the most suitable means of utilizing our domestic supply of manganese and thus relieve, to the maximum extent possible, our shipping of the burden of importing manganese ores. It was not held that any decided shortage of manganese was imminent but rather that every legitimate means should be utilized for making our ship tonnage available to European service. While we have considerable metallic manganese in this country, it occurs largely as a low-grade mixture with iron or silica or with both. The open-hearth investigations, therefore, were carried on to determine the extent to which domestic or low-grade alloys could properly be substituted for high-grade alloys without materially impairing the steel production as to either quality or quantity. Also, it was held that such an investigation would yield valuable results to the steel industry as well as contribute, in no small way, toward directing future investigations in the same field. To the practical steel manufacturer, especially to him who felt no immediate concern about

Jan 1, 1920

Homestake's Bulldog Mountain Operation near Creede, Colorado, in the San Juan Mountains at an elevation of nearly 2,750 m (9,000 ft), is subjected to short summers and long cold winters. Creede’s history dates back to 1889 when silver ore was discovered; and by 1892 production of over a million dollars per month was being shipped from mines located along the Amethyst Fault. The Bulldog Mountain Fault remained relatively untouched by the early prospectors. The United States Geological Survey recognized the potential of this fault in 1960, which led to the staking of many claims over the structure. Homestake leased properties in 1963 and in mid- 1964 a tunnel was started at the 2,956 m (9,700 ft) level with encouraging mineralization being encountered. In 1968 a decision was reached to build a flotation mill of 318 mtpd (350 stpd) capacity. The erection of the mill was completed in early 1969, six years after the first exploration was begun. Since initial start-up, extensive drifting has been done on several separate levels. Two underground hoist installations serve the various levels and many thousand feet of vertical mining operations. Due to the unconsolidated nature of the vein, a new unique underhand cut-and- fill mining method was developed. This procedure is the reverse of the normal cut-and-fill and proceeds from the top down under cemented sand fill, which, while expensive, has greatly reduced s toping hazards. Prior to 1977, a considerable quantity of silver was lost in the slime fraction of the ores processed because of oxidation and other inherent characteristics of individual minerals. Due to Homestakefs favorable experience in treating the slime fraction of the Lead, South Dakota gold ores, experiments with leach methods to recover silver from the slimes by Carbon -In -Pulp offered' the potential for additional silver recovery. Work was begun on the Carbon-In-Pulp plant in April 1976 and completed in December of that year at a cost slightly exceeding $2 million. The C. I. P. plant was designed for 136 mtpd (150 stpd) of current plant slimes plus 227 mtpd (250 stpd) of slimes dredged from the old tailings during the summer season. The sand fraction of the flotation

Jan 1, 1981

By D. Gupta, S. Weinig

This investigation comprises the study of dislocation-oxygen interactions in a! titanium and its effect on the ductile to brittle transition in titanium. Internal friction techniques using a low-frequency lorsion pendulum were used to study the oxygen atom interactions with dislocations in "superpurity" titanium. A calculation of the interaction energy between an oxygen atom and a dislocation, based on the "breakaway" strain resulted in a value of 0.015 ev as compared to theoretical values of 0.022 and 0.035 ev for edge and screw dislocations, respectively. Both the saturation of the room temperature decrement and the transition from ductile to brittle behavior occurred at 1.5 at. pct 0. It was proposed that the embrittlement was due to oxygen atoms immobilizing the dislocations. It was possible to increase the ductility of the Ti-0 binary alloys by decreasing the oxygen pinning. The increase in uniform elongation was 30 pct for an increase in the preanneal temperature of 300°C. ThE room-temperature ductility of a titanium is significantly affected by interstitial solutes. Although oxygen has a solid solubility of 15.5 pct by weight, the room-temperature ductility extends only to 0.6 pct.' The ductility precipitously falls at this concentration and the fracture characteristics change from ductile to brittle.2 The small effective bulk composition of solute required to destroy the room-temperature ductility of the titanium must be indicative of an in-homogeneous distribution of solute atoms. Internal friction techniques were used in this investigation to

Jan 1, 1960

By D. E. Moore

The strength of a natural serpentinite gouge was measured at 400°C and an effective pressure of 100 MPa. The strength of the gouge decreased with increasing pore pressure to 50 MPa and then was nearly constant between 50 and 125 MPa. The samples at 50-125 MPa pore pressure slid stably, whereas those at 3-25 MPa pore pressure showed stick-slip behavior. Lengthening the pre-heating time to 72,000 s of samples at 100 MPa pore pressure led to increases in both the strength and the likelihood of sliding unstably. With still longer pre-heating times, the strengths decreased again and sliding once more became stable. The strength of the gouge at 3 MPa pore pressure was unaffected by changes in pre-heating time. A possible explanation for the results is that excess pore pressures are being generated in the gouge, causing the true effective pressure to be lower than the apparent value.

Jan 1, 1984

By Michael Tenebaum, C. C. Brown

In recent years, the importance of slag control in basic open-hearth operations has been universally recognized. To effect such control during the working period of the heat, methods have been developed to measure or estimate slag oxidation and slag basicity. While satisfactory rapid chemical methods have been developed to determine slag oxidation, no completely adequate method of evaluating basicity has yet been provided. The most generally accepted control methods of measuring slag basicity are based on visual cstimates. While considerable benefit may be derived from such estimates, the need for some measurable indication of slag basicity has become increasingly apparent. In a recent paper, Philbrook and Jolly suggested a promising technique for making the basicity determination. Their method consists of measuring the pH of a mixture of powdered open-hearth slag and distilled water. It was found that a relation could be established between the slag basicity and the alkalinity of the water mixture as measured by the hydrogen-ion concentration. The general procedure followed in making the measurements and the considerations involved in constructing the original curves are given in the paper of Philbrook and Jolly and need not be repeated. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss some of the factors considered in applying the pH measurements to actual slag control and to present some of the results of its apphcation. Factors Involved in Measuring pH of Water-slag Mixtures To facilitate the application of the pH control system, it was desirable that no alteration be made in the routine methods of sampling and crushing the furnace slag. Some of the factors considered before establishing a curve to relate slag basicity with the pH reading arc reviewed individually in the following paragraphs. Effect of Cooling Rate Under actual operating conditions there can be considerable variation in the temperature of the piece of slag crushed for the pH determination. To determine whether variations in crushing temperature or in cooling rate would affect the pH reading, a series of four samples was prepared from each of two separate slags. These samples represented conditions far more extreme than would actually be encountered. To obtain these samples, a thick pancake of slag was poured. One piece of this pancake was crushed immediately after it had solidified. Another piece was water-quenched and then crushed. A third piece was allowed to air-cool to room temperature before crushing. The fourth sample was prepared from a chilled slag. This sample was poured onto a heavy inclined steel plate at the

Jan 1, 1945

CONTENTS PAGE ZAPFFE, CARL.-Manganiferous Iron Ores of the Cuyuna District, Minnesota. Discussed by A. K. Knickerbocker 1 MCCORMACK, C. P.-Economics of the Cuyuna Manganiferous Iron Ores. Dis-cussed by T. L. Joseph, J. Wilbur Van Evera, C. P. Perin, T. T. Read, L. E. Ives 4 READ, T. T.-Probable Error in Blast-furnace Records and Calculations Therefrom. Discussed by C. H. Herty, Jr., T. T. Read, T. L. Joseph, Ralph H. Sweetser 8 SCHWARTZ, H. A. and HIRD, (Mrs.) ANNA NICHOLSON.-Chemical Equilibria During Solidification and Cooling of White Cast Iron. Discussed by N. B. Pilling, Ralph H. Sweetser, H. M. Boylston, Albert Sauveur 10 HERTY, C. H., JR., BELYEA, A. R., BURKHART, E. H., and MILLER, C. C.-Some Factors Affecting the Elimination of Sulfur in the Basic Open-hearth Process. Discussed by Henry D. Hibbard, L. F. Reinartz,. C. H. Herty, Jr., Ancel St. John, A. L. Feild, C. R. Hayward, Ralph H. Sweetser, C. D. King, Haakon Styri, George A. Orrok 12 HIBBARD, HENRY D.-Finishing Melting Temperatures of Simple Ingot Steels. Discussed by Haakon Styri, George V. Luerssen, A. G. Zimermann, A. L. Feild, George A. Orrok, Albert Sauveur, R. F. Harrington, Henry D. Hibbard, I. A. Billiar, William J. Priestley, H. W. Gillett, W. P. Barba, Jerome Strauss, Harry H. Smith, H. LeChatelier, L. F. Reinartz 19 HERTY, C. H., JR., and TRUE, O. S.-The Reaction between Manganese and Iron Sulfide. Discussed by A. L. Field, H. S. Rawdon, C. H. Herty, Jr., T. L. Joseph, Haakon Styri 37 KAMURA, HEIHACHi.-Reduction of Iron Ores by Carbon Monoxide. Discussed by T. L. Joseph, R. Franchot, Ralph H. Sweetser, C. H. Herty, Jr 43 JOSEPH, T. L.-Effect of Sulfur on Blast-furnace Process. Discussed by R. Franchot, C. A. Meissner, T. L. Joseph, C. H. Herty, Jr., Ralph H. Sweetser, I. E. Waechter, F. N. Speller, T. T. Read 45 GOOSTRAY, JOB, HARRINGTON, R. F., and HOSMER, M. A.-Brief History of Metallurgical Practice in Cannon-making with Particular Reference to the Cast-iron Gun. Discussed by A. G. Zimermann, Geo. A. Orrok, Chas. Me-Knight, Jr., F. Brauer 51 Manganiferous Iron Ores of the Cuyuna District, Minnesota Discussion of the paper of CARL ZAPFFE, presented at the New York Meeting, February, 1925, and issued, as Paper No. 1390-I, with MINING AND METALLURGY, December, 1924. A. K. KNICKERBOCKER,* Virginia, Minn. (written discussion).¬The author makes a broad distinction between the "black" ores (the

Jan 6, 1925

By Henry M. Howe

My attention has been drawn within a few days to a series of articles in Volume XVIII of the Engineering and Mining Journal, 1874, by Mr. J. A. Church, in which it is stated, among other

By Henry M. Howe

MY attention has been drawn within a few days to a series of articles in Volume XVIII of the Engineering and Mining Journal, 1874, by Mr. J. A. Church, in which it is stated, among other

Jan 1, 1875

By Alfred E. Hunt

The late Alexander Holley said, on returning from a careful study of the relative merits of the Bessemer and the open-hearth processes, as shown in the best European practice, that, in this country, the open-hearth process would live to attend the funeral of the Bessemer ; and he said this several years ago, when in this country the Bessemer plant and practice had been developed to far outstrip that abroad, and when, proportionately, it had reached an advancement much beyond the improvements in open-hearth plants and practice. At the same time, the prevailing idea in the metallurgical world, a few years ago, seemed to be in favor of the substitution of Bessemer for open-hearth steel for most of the higher qualities, and Bessemer enthusiasts loudly proclaimed, that as good steel for all purposes could be obtained by their favorite process as by the open-hearth. It was, in fact, confidently prophesied that very soon tool-steel and similar grades, which consumers had learned to specify, in ordering, to be made by the crucible process, would by common consent be made by the Bessemer, as best adapted to give the desired results. But these expectations have failed to materialize; not only do the crucible people keep on in the even tenor of their way and talk with pride of their comparatively large outputs of " hundreds " of tons per month, as usual, but the open-hearth people have kept fast hold of their original domain of nearly the entire amount of sheared plates, of locomotive tires, of large forgings, spring-steel, agricultural steel, steel castings and the like. Further, owing largely to one of the great advantages of the Bessemer process, which is also one of its inherent dangers, namely, its large output, it has also fallen into considerable disrepute for structural purposes. Not a few experienced engineers are now stipulating in their specifications that Bessemer steel will not be allowed to be used, especially for tension-members.

Jan 1, 1888

FOREWORD A SERIES of papers on strategic and otherwise important mineral products was prepared some ten years ago under the joint auspices of the Committee on Foreign and Domestic Mining Policy of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America and the Committee on Industrial Preparedness of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. These papers were later published in a joint volume entitled International Control of Minerals (1925). Amongst them was one on manganese. The Subcommittee on Manganese prepared its paper in two forms. One was intended for inclusion with the series above referred to and approached its subject more particularly as an international problem. The other dealt more definitely with manganese as an element in the problem of national defense. This last was first written under date of January 24, 1924 as a confidential report, for and at the request of the War Department. It was later released and published, in slightly modified form, as a separate pamphlet by the Industrial Preparedness Committee of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. After the lapse of eight years, in view of the vital position of manga-nese in the problem of industrial preparedness against a war emergency, the War Department made a request to have the conclusions of 1924 reviewed and brought up to date. To comply with this request the manganese subcommittee was reconvened (with a somewhat changed personnel) and exhaustive studies were once more made of the entire subject of manganese. A new report, with specific recommendations, was submitted to the War Department in February, 1932. This second report is now herewith released for publication. Certain specific conclusions and recommendations as expressed to the War Department are omitted. Otherwise the report stands as prepared and submitted by the manganese subcommittee of 1931. The members of this committee were: C. Minot Weld, Chairman, R. C. Allen, Arthur S. Dwight, J. W. Furness, D. F. Hewett, Reno H. Sales, Theodore Swann and Scott Turner. ARTHUR S. DWIGHT, Chairman, Committee on Industrial Preparedness.

Jan 1, 1933

By Theodore B. Comstock

a. Boundaries of the District.—The district here considered comprises that portion of Colorado commonly known as " the San Juan Country." In order to bring the principal geological features of this region within the scope of a map of convenient dimensions upon a suitable scale, I have found it desirable to mark off boundaries near the parallels of 37O and 38O 10', and the meridiaus of 106' 30' and 108' 30' (West Longitude from Greenwich). This area of (approximately) 9400 square miles includes all the formations which we should have to discuss if our territory were greatly enlarged, excepting such as are distinctly characteristic of adjoining areas with independent orographic genesis. By limiting this review to these confines we miss very little of the geology of the eight counties of the San Juan region, viz.: Dolores, San Miguel, Ouray, Hinsdale,

Jan 1, 1887

By AIME AIME

The following changes of address of members have been received at the Secretary's office during the period of Mar. 1 to May 1, 1908. This list, together with the list in Bi-Monthly Bulletin, No. 20, March, 1908, therefore, supplements the annual list of members corrected to Jan. 1, 1908, and brings it up to the date of May 1, 1908. The names of Members who have accepted election during March and April, 1908 (new members), are printed in italics., By a simple method of cutting out these names and addresses, and pasting them directly over the corresponding names in the annual list of members, the record can be kept practically up to date and the value of the list correspondingly increased. For this purpose the changes of address have been printed only on one side of the page. The names of new members, being in italics, are readily distinguished from the others, and can be pasted in approximate alphabetical order on the margins of the pages of the list.

Jan 5, 1908

Abbott, Robert H., (S'42) Agricultural & Mech. College of Texas, College Sta.. Texas. Abrahamson, Guy C., (S'43) Univ. of California, Berkeley. Calif. Abrego, Alfredo, (S'43) Texas College of Mines & Metallurgy, El Paso, Texas. Ackermann, K. G., (S'43) Univ. of Alabama, University, Ala. Adamec, Lew, (S'42) Colorado School of Mines, Golden, . Colo. Adams. Charles E., (S'42) Univ. of California, Los Angeles, Calif. Adams, Charles W., (S'30) Asst. Met., Canada Foundries & Forgings Ltd., Welland, Ont., Canada. Adams, John W., (S'42) Univ. of Texas, Austin, Texas. Adams, Karl S., (S'43) Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, N. H. Adamson, Charles R., (S'41) Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City. Utah. Adler, A. G., (S'41) Met. Engr., Flotation Operator Helper. Utah Copper Co.. Garfield, Utah. Adler, Frank J., (S'42) Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colo.

Jan 1, 1943

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF LOCAL SECTIONS AIME Committee on Local Section Affairs Roger Pierce, Chairman Carleton C Long Thomas C Frick AIME Committee on Student Chapter Affairs John P Nielson, Chairman John C Calhoun, Jr J R Van Pelt, Jr Council of Section Delegates A A Burr, Chairman (Hudson-Mohawk) Ralph A Watson, Vice-Chairman (North Pacific) L G Neely, Secretary (West Central Texas) INTERIM COMMITTEE M O Langham (East Texas), Fulton J Olivier (Delta), L W Smith (Niagara Frontier), G R Spindler (Central Appalachian) LOCAL SECTIONS (There are 78 Local Sections in the United States, 9 Foreign) ADIRONDACK Established June 18, 1952 Official year begins in April Meets fourth Saturday monthly, April through October Seven meetings annually Local Section Dues AIME Members $2, Nonmembers $3 Charles F Dievendorf, Chairman Severn P Brown, Vice-Chairman George E Erdman, Secretary-Treasurer Gouverneur Talc Co , Inc Gouverneur, N Y Malcolm V Lowry, '60, Section Delegate Committees Membership David J Crawford, Chairman Program Brower Dellinger, Chairman Student Affairs Eugene A Eastman, Chairman

Jan 1, 1959