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By A. W. Davis

"The Red Rose mine is in the Rocher Deboule mountains about 8 miles east of Skeena Crossing and a like distance south of the town of Hazelton; the most northerly settlement on the Prince Rupert line of the Canadian National railway and 177 miles northeast by rail from Prince Rupert. The mine workings are on the north side of Balsam or Red Rose creek; a tributary of Juniper creek that drains via Kitseguecla river into the Skeena near Skeena Crossing. A truck road 11 miles long extends from Skeen a Crossing (elevation 650 feet) to the Red Rose mill (elevation 4; 100 feet). The mine workings lie between 5; 600 and 6; 300 feet above sea-level. Mine and mill are connected by a 1-mile aerial tramway and a tractor trail.The Red Rose claims were staked about 1910 by prospectors attracted to the district by the construction and near completion of the railway between Prince Rupert and Jasper. For a number of years interest centred in prospecting a sheared zone exposed in a ravine between elevations of 5,425 and 5,825 feet. Several adits were driven and some high gold assays were obtained in vein quartz in the sheared zone, but this work did not develop sufficient ore and the property finally closed down. In the early twenties of this century tungsten minerals were discovered in the northern extension of the vein, but nothing was done to test this deposit. Finally, in 1940, spurred by the wartime demand for tungsten, the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada drilled the tungsten-bearing vein, and although results were none too encouraging, underground work was begun in June 1941. The latter work disclosed substantial amounts of ore. A small mill, subsequently enlarged, began operation early in January 1942 and by the autumn of 1943 some 1,194,000 pounds of tungsten concentrate had been recovered. Mining ceased in November 1943 because of orders from the Metals Controller that no more shipments would be permitted."

Jan 1, 1954

By J. W. M. Porritt, K. C. Cheng

Knowledge of radon emanation rates from uranium-bearing rocks is essential to the design of mine ventilation systems for uranium mines. Measurements of equilibrium ratio between radon and its daughters in mine air are important for a better control of mine radiation conditions. The concentrations of radon and daughters were monitored at cut-and-fill stopes in the Beaverlodge Mine of Eldorado Nuclear Ltd. during all phases of the mining cycle. The radon emanation rates of ore and rock samples were measured at the laboratory and the results were compared with in-situ emanation tests in an isolated ore drift. Samples of backfill solution, backfill drainage and ground seepage water were measured [or radon and analyzed for radium and uranium. The results showed that discharges of backfill solution and daily shift-end blasts were the two major sources for a rapid release of radon gas in the ventilation air. Other mining operations, such as drilling, mucking, etc., contributed little effect on radon release to the mining environment. Radon emanation rates of the Beaverlodge are samples ranged from 13 x 10-18 to 600 X 10-18 Ci/cm2/ sec and that of waste rock samples from 0.54 x 10-18 to 13.4 X 10-18 Ci/cm2/sec. The in-situ emanation rate of mine walls with ore-to-rock ratios of 1 to 7 was 60 x 10-18 Ci/cm2/sec. The average equilibrium ratio of radon and its daughters in stapes was 32.6%. Under a normal ventilation condition, the average background levels of radon concentration in cut-and-fill stopes ranged from 13 to 80 pCi/L. The discharges of backfill solution during backfill operations at 100 tons solids per hour released approximately 1.8 x 106 pCi/min of radon and elevated radon concentration in stapes 2 to 5 times above the background levels.

Jan 1, 1981

By P. A. Mascaró, N. Chacon, A. A. Cecchi

"This document shows the development of a system called the “On-line charge level determination in SAG mills” (abbreviated as Jc). The Jc variable has certainly been difficult to measure due to the relevant number of factors and variables that affect the grinding phenomena inside semi autogenous (SAG) mills. To assess the feasibility stage of the proposed system, it was necessary to carry out two tests in different sized SAG mills, 38´ × 22´ and 36´ × 15´, respectively. In each test, the system was configured with a battery of sensors of the following types: (1) strain gauge, (2) accelerometer, and (3) gyroscope. The first step involved for charge level determinations was to determine kidney foot and shoulder by means of a study of the energy-impacts on shell structures. The second step consisted of correlating the measured grinding operational variables with the actual charge levels obtained from SAG mill crash stops. This system development is extremely useful and relevant for providing approximations about mass balances inside SAG mills. It will be a suitable tool for explaining “tonnes per hour” variations and determining optimal points under various operating conditions.INTRODUCTIONThere has been a growing necessity for technologies capable of obtaining “on-line data” of the main comminution variables in order to increase throughput. Computer systems have taken an important role in providing important solutions by means of processing on-line device signals (commonly referred to as monitoring). In semi autogenous (SAG) milling, there are many examples of monitoring devices that allow the operational staff to obtain detailed information both mechanically and electronically inside a grinding circuit. In this context, a new technology has been developed to obtain “Jc total charge (%) online” in two different SAG mills called Vibro-Energy® System.As part of the analysis performed by JKsimMet® the Jb/Jc was estimated because it has an important impact on SAG mill throughput. Different scenarios were simulated and contrasted at various theoretical Jb/Jc values in a baseline circuit (Figure 1)."

Jan 1, 2016

By D. Naden, D. J. King

"The high capital and operating cost of liquid-solid separation circuits in hydrometallurgical plants has led to an increased focus on the use of in-pulp systems for metals recovery in order to eliminate the need for solids washing and to reduce the need for liquid-solid separation.Carbon-in-pulp (CIP) has now been accepted in Canada and around the world as the leading process for recovery of gold and silver, replacing the Merrill-Crowe process and thus removing the need for CCD thickeners or belt and drum filters. The overall design of conventional CIP adsorption circuits was established in the late 1970s and it has remained substantially unchanged until now. Most of the development work since 'hen has been concentrated on improving methods of separating pulp and carbon and on reducing carbon losses during transportation and agitation.Resin-in-pulp (RIP) has been used for many years in uranium mills in the USA. However, most of the plants were built in the 1960°s and RIP was only chosen when liquid-solid separation of leach pulps proved very difficult. The plants are far from ideal as they have high resin losses and high maintenance costs. Consequently, there is room for improvement.Davy McKee has taken a fresh look at the engineering development of in-pulp contactors leading to a fundamental redesign of the adsorption units. The improved in-pulp technology uses a modification of the proven air-swept screen techno1ogy together with a new technique of process operation. The new contactor operates at high pulp throughput rates with high concentrations of carbon or resin in the recovery stages, resulting in a significant reduction in the contactor size over conventional design. As a result of this reduction in the size of the contactor by up to 80%, significant savings can be made in equipment and building costs. In addition, the plant 1s easier to operate than a conventional CIP plant."

Jan 1, 1987

By Junto Nishiwaki, Shinji Kumai

"Mechanical and physical properties of the impact welded dissimilar metal joints are controlled by joint interface morphology. An intermediate layer (IML) is often formed at the joint interface and this deteriorates the interface quality in some metal combinations. Numerical and experimental studies were performed in order to examine the formation mechanism of the wavy interface and intermediate layer for explosive welded Al/Cu dissimilar metal joints. The impact welding process consists of (1) high-speed oblique collision of metal plates, (2) metal jet emission and large deformation and temperature increase at collision point and (3) rapid cooling at the joint interface. Euler-Lagrange coupling method, smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method and modified laplacianFoam (LF) method were linked together to simulate a series of processes from (1) to (3), and the final interface morphology including the formation of IML was reproduced. The wavy morphology (wave-height, wavelength) and the position and composition of IML formed at the joint interface of Al/Cu joints were quantitatively in good agreement with those reproduced by numerical analysis. Our simulation results are useful for the control of the interface morphology, reduction of the amount of IML, and improvement of the mechanical properties of the impact welded dissimilar metal joints.INTRODUCTIONImpact welding is a kind of solid state joining method providing extremely high joint strength for both similar-and dissimilar metal combinations. Explosive welding and magnetic pulse welding are representative methods to achieve the impact welding. By a high-speed oblique collision between two metal plates, a metal jet is emitted from the collision point. The metal jet can remove any oxide films and contaminations on the plates and produce an active refreshed surface. Consequently, good metallurgical bonding can be achieved even for dissimilar metals (Crossland, 1982). Solid metals deform like fluids under the high pressure condition at the collision point and characteristic wavy interface is formed. In addition to the wavy interface, an intermediate layer (IML) is often formed at the joint interface in some metal combinations. Elimination or reduction of the amount of IML at the joint interface is desired since the excessive IML formation along the joint interface causes a large reduction in physical and mechanical properties. Formation of IML is considered to result from characteristic thermal history at the joint interface including partial melting due to the local temperature increase and successive rapid cooling behavior at the joint interface. In order to control the IML formation at the joint interface, it is necessary to reveal both heating and cooling processes at the joint interface. However, it is impossible to observe the phenomenon occurring at the joint interface and also difficult to investigate the temperature change at the joint interface directly during the impact welding. Therefore, simulation or numerical analysis is indispensable to overcome this problem. In the present study, the explosive welded Al/Cu joint, which is prone to form IML at the joint interface, was selected for the research. By using a newly developed numerical analysis method, not only the formation process of wavy interface, but also the local temperature increase and successive temperature decrease at the joint interface were reproduced. The formation process of IML was investigated by using both numerical analytic and experimental results."

Jan 1, 2018

By M. Fafard, F. Chevarin, D. Ziegler, H. Alamdari, M Kavand

"Carbon anodes, used in the Hall-Heroult process, are consumed by the electrochemical reaction to produce metallic aluminum. It is also consumed by parasitic reactions with air and CO2. The carbon anode is made of petroleum coke with different particle sizes, butts (recycled anodes) and coal tar pitch. The mixture of fine particles (less than 150 µm) of coke together with the pitch material forms a matrix, binding the large coke particles together. It is generally thought that the binder matrix is more reactive than the other anode constituents. This conjecture was not clearly proved in the literature. The present study is focused on the CO2 reactivity of binder matrix and anode constituents at 960°C, both under chemical regime (100% of CO2) and under a concentration gradient (diffusion). The apparent reaction rates of these materials were measured. The role of the binder matrix in anode consumption and its disintegration (dusting phenomenon) was discussed.INTRODUCTIONThe metallic aluminum production is one of the most important industries in Canada. The Al metal is obtained by the Hall-Héroult process. The principle of this process is the electrochemical reduction of alumina in molten cryolite carried out by an electrical current between carbon anodes and cathode at 960°C (Equation 1). The carbon anode is typically composed of calcined petroleum coke (65 wt.%) and recycled anode (called also butt, 20 wt.%) with coal tar pitch (15 wt.%), playing the role of cement to ensure the cohesion of the anode block."

Jan 1, 2016

By Alex MacEachern

Air is the gaseous substance that envelopes the earth and forms its atmosphere. It is remarkable in the constancy of its composition; for while this is being continually changed as the result of the respiration of men and animals, and by addition of gases arising from organic changes and the products of combustion, it is ever being brought back to normal and the proper balance restored by the processes of plant and vegetable life. Nature sees to it that the air in which we live and breathe is kept purified. This does not apply to the air in a coal mine, where there are no natural forces to change and make use of the different gases formed or evolved, and where mechanical ventilation is the only effective means of keeping the air pure. The atmosphere consists of oxygen and nitrogen, not in the combined state but merely mixed. By volume, the composition is: oxygen, 21 percent, nitrogen, 79 percent, there being included with the latter small quantities of such substances as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitric acid, ammonia, ozone, argon, neon, and organic gases. Of the two principal gases which form air, oxygen alone supports life. When air is inhaled into the lungs the oxygen is absorbed by the blood, which carries it through the body to nourish and energize it. Exhaled air consists of water vapour and about 4 per cent carbon dioxide, with from 16 1/2 to 17 per cent oxygen and 79 per cent nitrogen; the oxygen alone having been drawn on to any considerable extent.

Jan 1, 1930

By T. Crivits, I. Bellemans, K. Verbeken

In the metallurgical industry, furnace cooling is often employed to enhance furnace lifetime. Hence, the pyrometallurgical phase comes in close contact with a non-air coolant. The proximity of the pyrometallurgical phases to the coolants may lead to dangerous situations. In case of a breach of the cooling circuit, the contact between a hot and a cold liquid may cause a vapour explosion. The outcome of this vapour explosion includes a pressure wave which could result in damage to the furnace, bodily injuries or even casualties. To prevent such dramatic events, the origin of vapour explosions is currently being studied in more detail. For this purpose, OpenFOAM was used to perform Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. In a first step, simulations were run to get a better idea of the influence of the compressibility on the simulations. The obtained results help in getting a better insight on the need of computational power, and possible numerical errors using compressible or incompressible solvers in future simulations. In a second step, systems without vapour explosions were simulated and compared to experimental results with mercury and aluminum. INTRODUCTION Humanity started using metals for tools around the Chalcolitic (~7400 cal BC), when copper was melted in small furnaces (Radivojevic, Rehren, Farid, Pernicka, & Camurcouglu, 2017). Nowadays, metallurgy has grown into a major industry and it has become impossible to imagine society without metals. In the pyrometallurgical industry, coolants (low temperature liquids, for example water) and pyrometallurgical phases (high temperature liquids, such as slags, mattes and alloys) are typically present in close proximity of each other. The interaction between these two phases can have catastrophic consequences (Tveit et al., 2008; Ferguson & Zsamboky, 2017). A vapour explosion may occur as the consequence of the rapid evaporation and expansion of the coolant. Whereas the volume of a gas increases linearly with the temperature (approximately a factor four by heating from 100°C to 1300°C), a simple calculation of the ratio of the two specific volumes shows that evaporation causes the volume of water to increase by a factor of 1700 at 100°C and ambient pressure (Table 1 and equation (1)), a number that was also found in literature (George, Nexhip, George-Kennedy, Foster, & Walton, 2006). The volume change occurs so fast that it resembles an explosion, hence the name vapour explosion. Such an explosion at industrial scale can cause economical losses, bodily injuries or even fatalities.

Jan 1, 2019

By Lyall J. Lichty

THE property of New Calumet Mines, Limited, is on Calumet island, in the Ottawa river, about sixty-six miles northwest of Ottawa. Lead and zinc orebodies were discovered here in 1893. A gravity concentration plant was built in 1912 but was not a success metallurgically, and the plant was later destroyed by fire. A programme of diamond drilling on the property, started in 1937 and continuing to 1942, indicated ore reserves amounting to 1,300,000 tons averaging 2.75 per cent lead, 8.82 per cent zinc, and 0.041 oz. gold and 6.24 oz. silver per ton( l ). These orebodies have been developed underground by cross-cutting and drifting from a three-compartment vertical shaft, sunk to a depth of 745 feet. 'The ore is a contact metamorphic deposit occurring in rocks of the Grenville series, on or near the contact between biotite gneiss and an overlying calcareous amphibolite(2,3). It consists chiefly of iron-bearing sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and minor amounts of chalcopyriteand argentite. The gangue minerals closely associated with the ore are calcite, quartz, and various lime-silicate minerals.

Jan 1, 1945

By N. Haghdadi, D. M. Maijer, A. B. Phillion

B206 is a recently-developed high-strength Al-Cu casting alloy with reduced Ti and Fe, as compared to the well-known AA 206 alloy, for improved hot tearing resistance. In the current study, the solidification kinetics of this alloy as a function of cooling rate from 1 to 15 K/min were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microscopy. Specifically, the evolution in fraction solid, grain size, and secondary dendrite arm spacing have been characterized. The DSC results show the occurrence of three peaks during cooling from the liquid state, which are related to the formation of primary aluminum, a pre-eutectic intermetallic, and the eutectic phases. Thermal analysis also indicates that while the liquidus temperature is not sensitive to the cooling rate, the temperatures at which the pre-eutectic and eutectic phases form are strongly coupled to the rate of heat extraction. A decrease in the latter temperatures was observed when the rate of solidification was increased, leading to a lengthening of the freezing range of the primary phase. The results will be useful for improving B206 casting processes, specifically through modification of mould cooling conditions.

Jan 1, 2014

By A. D. McKay

Uranium exploration expenditure in Australia reached a record level of A$220.5 million in 2008, which has subsequently declined to A$185.2 million for the year ended 30 June 2009. Recent discoveries include: Ranger 3 Deeps east of Ranger open pit (Northern Territory), Pepegoona and Yadglin sandstone hosted deposits (South Australia), and Thunderball project (Northern Territory). Australia?s Reasonably Assured Resources recoverable at costs of <US$80/kg U at June 2009 are estimated to be 1,210,000 t U, 4% higher than the estimate for December 2008. The main additions were in the south eastern portion of the Olympic Dam orebody. The Olympic Dam Expansion is based on a large open pit and will increase output to an annual capacity of 19,000 t U3O8; 750,000 t copper; 800,000 ounces gold. The Four Mile in situ recovery project was approved in July 2009. An ion exchange facility is to be constructed at Four Mile and uranium-bearing resins will be transported to the Beverley plant to recover the uranium. Recent developments at Ranger mine, and Honeymoon, Oban and Yeelirrie projects are discussed.

Aug 1, 2010

By E. D. Kindle

"The Duthie mine is on the southwest slope of Hudson Bay mountain 7 1/2 miles west of Smithers, British Columbia. A good motor road about 15 miles long connects the mine with the Canadian National railway at Smithers. The principal workings are on the Henderson group of claims between elevations of 3,200 and 4,000 feet above sea-level. Silver, lead, and zinc were produced from this mine between 1924 and 1930.Three adit drifts known as the Compressor, McPherson, and Thompson levels were driven along the Henderson vein-lode in 1922, and the following year the operating company, known as Duthie Mines, Limited, shipped some high-grade silver-lead-zinc ore. Further shipments of high-grade, handsorted ore were made in 1926, and in 1927 a modern flotation-type mill was built, having a capacity of 50 tons of ore a day. Mining operations were suspended in March 1930."

Jan 1, 1954

By H. A. Kishawy, S. Kannan, M. Balazinski

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are new generation engineering materials that possess superior physical and mechanical properties compared to nonreinforced alloys. However, the presence of abrasive ceramic reinforcements in the ductile matrix causes severe tool wear and premature tool failure. Flank wear was found to be the dominant wear mode while the main wear mechanism was abrasion. Analysis of the cutting tools using scanning electron microscopy has shown that both two body and three body abrasion are operational during machining MMCs. A methodology for predicting the tool flank wear progression during bar turning ofMMCs was presented in an earlier paper [1]. In the proposed model, the wear volume due to two body and three body abrasion mechanisms was formulated. Then, the flank wear rate was quantified by considering the tool geometry in 3D turning. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the contribution of two body and three body abrasion towards the tool wear volume during cutting MMCs.

Jan 1, 2006

By J. W. Stickney

"On July 1, 1977 Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company Limited announced the commencement of construction of a 3800 ton per day concentrator at Snow Lake, Manitoba. Snow Lake, a community of 2200 people, is located 130 road miles from the main metallurgical plants at Flin Flon.The design, detailed engineering and equipment selection for the project was awarded to Wright Engineers Limited of Vancouver, B.C., who would be working in close liason with Hudson Bay Mining personnel throughout the project.The feasibility of constructing a metallurgical plant in the Snow Lake area, in addition to the concentrator at Flin Flon, had been under study since 1964 with plants of varying capacities and designs being considered. Each successive study recommended a plant of increased capacity and sophistication and finally upon an in-depth study in 1976 of ore reserves, freight rates and operational benefits, the construction of a 3800 ton per day copper-lead-zinc concentrator appeared highly benificial."

Jan 1, 1981

By Yan Qun, Chen Xiao-ming, Ma Pei-long, Luo Xian-ping, Luo Cai-gui, Feng Bo

The effect of leach promoting reagent LPF on the leaching process of a weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore has been investigated and the mechanism is discussed. The result shows that the leach promoting reagent LPF can enhance the leaching extraction of rare earth ore effectively. With the addition of LPF to the lixiviant at a concentration of 0.1%, the leaching extraction increased by more than 8%, the ammonium sulfate concentration could be decreased by 25%, and the leaching liquid/solid ratio reduced by 34%. The mechanism analysis shows that LPF can react with rare earth ions and form soluble coordination compounds, thus reducing the activity of the leached rare earth ions, increasing the concentration difference for ion diffusion, and promoting the rare earth leaching process. These results will hopefully help point to a new approach to making the leaching process of low-grade weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore more efficient and with lower lixiviant consumption.

Jan 1, 2014

By D. L. Cramp

The Direct-Connected Electric Hoist In the latter part of 1931 a new electric hoist was installed at the Lake Shore mine. A number of interesting features were incorporated in this machine, which is the first direct-connected, direct-current-operated hoist to be placed in service in the Kirkland Lake district. Many factors requiring care and study enter into the selection of hoisting-engine drive. In this instance, conditions warranted the selection of the generator voltage control system (Ward-Leonard), utilizing a direct-current driving motor and a separate motor generator unit. It was further deter-mined that additional economies could be secured by the selection of a motor generator unit with a flywheel, and consequently the Ilgner-Ward Leonard flywheel set was adopted. Some of the advantages of this system are: 1) Greater accuracy of control, resulting in increased flexibility in hand-ling with increased precision and safety; especially desirable in large, important installations where the rope-speed is high or where frequent shifting is necessary. (2) Reduced energy consumption. (3) Feasibility of load equalization, without which, in some cases, the power system would be unable to carry the fluctuating load imposed on it by the operation of the hoist. ( 4) Elimination of reduction gearing in the construction of the hoist. The hoist is located on the surface and is used for skip operation at the main shaft, hoisting ore from a present maximum depth of 4,200 feet.

Jan 1, 1933

By I. S. Thompson

A program of geochemical till prospecting, carried out by Derry, Michener & Booth in 1974, was instrumental in t~ e discovery of a copper deposit in Currie Township, Ontario, beneath thick lacustrine deposits of the Abitibi Clay Belt. The prospecting system involved the continuous collection of glacial sands and gravels beneath the clays, using a track-mounted, dual-tube rotary drill, and the separation and geochemical analysis of the heavy mineral content for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag and Au. In one of 22 holes drilled down-ice from nine Canadian Nickel airborne EM conductors, fragments of chalcopyrite-bearing graphitic argillite, assaying 12% Cu, were recovered from a 14-foot gravel section beneath 83 feet of clay. Ultimately, mineralization was identified in 10 of 11 additional holes drilled up to 3,000 feet down-ice from the Currie deposit. The glacial fan, when compared to the 1,200- by 165-ft area of the subcropping mineralization, is at least 20 times the area of the deposit and is the result of glacio-fluvial reworking of the mineralized ground moraine. The Currie deposit is contained within a Keewatin succession of graphitic argillite, dacite tuff and graywacke, which is intruded by dacite and feldspar porphyry sills and dykes and truncated by a Keweenawan diabase dyke. Grade and thickness of the mineralization, which lies chiefly within the argillite, is related to felsic intrusives and hydrothermal alteration, and to fold hinges.

Jan 1, 1979

By K. M. Sarkar

"In many plant trial s(1,2) it has been proven that very small amounts (10 to 20 ppm) of uranium dissolved in mine water can be effectively recovered by the use of ion exchange resins and this uranium recovery has many advantages. In this paper an economic analysis at different levels of uranium contamination and at different market prices of uranium are described.For this study an operating mine-mill complex with a sulphuric acid leach circuit, followed by solvent extraction (SX) process, is considered, where contaminated mine water is available in excess of process requirements. lt is further assumed that the sulphuric acid eluant containing uranium would be mixed with the mill pregnant liquor stream that proceeds to the SX plant for final uranium recovery.Recovery by Ion ExchangeMine water, in this study, is defined as the water coming from the underground mine, or mine pits, and the run-off water from stockpiles, mine shops, crushing plant , washdown areas, etc.In nature, uranium mainly occurs in two stages; reduced (tetravalent) and oxidized (hexavalent) . The oxidation of sulphides present in the orebody often causes the presence of S04- and acidity in mine water, and this acidic water readily dissolves U+6 part of the depo sit. The react ion between hexavalent uranium, which is dissolved in water as U02+ 2 cation and S04 producing uranyl sulph ate as,"

Jan 1, 1984

By Brien A. Perry, Art Wiebert

"Many organizations which have implemented Total Quality Management (TQM) are finding that the process has either stalled or is not working so well as originally envisioned. This can be particularly evident in an engineering environment where the uniqueness of engineers and their particular culture has not been adequately considered. Winning the commitment of a highly educated group ojprojemnnJJ1s to the TQM concepts, which are often initially 5W2 as too simplistic poses special challenges.Successful TQM implementations are found among technical groups where employees have significant input into creating the new work culture, feel empowered to make changes and are well trained in teamwork. A coach who is knowledgeable in implementation problems can, when working closely with the technical teams, help them circumvent obstacles and guide them successfully through the difficult early phases. The remaining key ingredient for success is supportive management which leads the change and is both informed and appreciative of the accomplishment being made.This Paper is based on first-hand experience with common problems and results encountered in implementing TQM in an engineering environment. Described in the paper are ways of avoiding these problems through awareness of the unique nature of engineering groups, implementation planning, just-in-time training and coaching people in the TQM process. The paper concludes with a focus on the opportunities and results from a successful implementation. These opportunities and results include the benefits each engineer can realize through process thinking, empowerment and teamwork."

Jan 1, 1995

By Parsons. Robert B.

"Starting this year, corporations that conduct business in Ontario face a new tax a corporate minimum tax. This tax is in addition to the myriad of other taxes that make up a corporation&apos;s total tax burden including federal and provincial capital 1oXJ!S, payroll tax and sales taxes. Mining companies with gross revenues in excess of $10 million or total assets exceeding $5 million may be liable for this new tax. IntroductionOn December 8, 1993, the Ontario government introduced legislation to implement the corporate minimum tax (CMT promised in its May, 1993 budget. There are very few differences between the final legislation and the budget proposals.The CMT is effective for taxation years commencing after 1993. Subject to certain specific exemptions (detailed below), the tax applies to all corporations liable for Ontario Corporate Income Tax that have either gross revenues in excess of $10 million or total assets in excess of $5 million. These measurements apply to the aggregate gross revenues and total assets for all corporations in an associated group and a corporate partner&apos;s share of partnership assets and revenues must be included in the determination.In essence, the CMT is an income tax that is based on financial statement profit instead of an income amount that is determined separately under a statute. Accordingly mining companies (including so called ""junior"" exploration companies), which traditionally sheltered their taxable income by claiming generous exploration and development deductions, could find that they have a CMT liability."

Jan 1, 1994