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By Sibley C. Burnett

Early attempts to apply superconductivity to the beneficiation of kaolin required very large refrigerators to remove the heat generated during rapid charging and discharging of the magnet. In the early 1990's, Advanced Cryo Magnetics, Inc. developed and patented methods to reduce this pulsed heating by a factor of fifteen. Small, helium refrigerators and cryo-coolers are now used. Along with savings in electric power, superconductivity allows operation at higher magnetic fields and greatly improves separation process efficiency. New designs offer enormous reductions in weight, size and capital cost as compared to older copper magnets. Application of this technology to minerals other than kaolin is emerging.

Jan 1, 1999

By Raymond A. Bradbury

Martin County Coal Corporation operates three underground mines and two surface mines on Wolf Creek in Martin County near Inez, Ky. The original underground development was begun in March of 1970. The property being developed is leased from Pocahontas Land Corporation. The A. T. Massey Coal Company, whose offices are located in Richmond, Virginia, is the parent company and sales agent for Martin County Coal. Duke Power Company is the customer who will take all the production from the mines which ultimately are scheduled to produce 2,500,000 tons annually. The Norfolk and Western Railway Company built a 24-mile railroad into this huge reserve of low-sulfur steam coal. Four coal seams, all above drainage, are included in the lease. The Middle Coalburg and Stockton seams are being deep-mined now and it is in three mines that the diesel haulage equipment is used. Those of you who attended the AIME meeting in Birmingham last October or the Diesel Symposium in Pittsburgh in January of this year are familiar with the introduction of trackless diesel-powered haulage equipment into our Martin County mines. I made a presentation at each of those meetings which dealt with our first experience with Wagner Mining Equipment haulage units. These machines are sold exclusively by Lake Shore, Inc. whose offices are in Iron Mountain, Michigan.

Jan 1, 1973

By R. T. Swinderman

"Virtually every article you read on safety has a statement to the effect: “It’s obvious that safety pays”. If it is so obvious, why is it so hard to answer these questions? • How does the Maintenance or Operations Manager convince the Plant Manager to spend money from the annual budget for safety improvements? • How does the Plant Manager influence Corporate to prioritize safety improvements? • How does an engineering firm persuade the owner to spend more on design and equipment up front to reduce risk? There are many cultural and structural reasons why it is so difficult to prove the obvious. In my opinion the main culprits are: the almost universally used ‘Low Bid’ process, variations in reporting incident statistics between industries and countries, and, the Generally Accepted Accounting procedures (GAAP) [or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)]. Conventional wisdom is it’s smart not to spend more than you need to meet the minimum regulations and maximize production. But buying on price alone often harms people, degrades the environment, and reduces the company’s bottom line. How can this be? You met the minimum safety requirements and saved money by buying on price. Don’t those savings go right to the bottom line? When you buy on price you get minimum quality, minimum compliance and are often backed corner with no reasonable options to rectify the problems that arise from buying on price instead of buying on long term life cycle cost. Culturally few companies actually ‘walk the talk’. It is trendy to have giant billboards at plant entrances proclaiming world class compliance with quality and safety standards. Annual reports are embellished with safety slogans and sustainability statements. Behind the front gates and the glossy annual reports the message is clear: produce or be replaced. Only a few companies go beyond the window dressing and actually endorse, from the top down, continuously improving their safety culture. Those that do embrace safety, show significant performance advantages over their competition that are reflected in their safety, productivity and environmental records and, ultimately their financial statements and share price. Current accounting (and reward) systems make it unlikely financial managers will accept non-conventional approaches to justifying expenditures on safety because they are driven to report “hard” numbers that can be documented and are within the “GAAP or IFRS Rules.” But in reality, accountants quantify soft or intangible costs all the time in their financial statements. Justifying safety investments is greatly enhanced by quantifying what most financial managers would call intangible costs. Government agencies have no problem assigning intangible costs to justify regulations to improve safety. How many times have you heard that the regulation is justified because the cost to industry is X while the benefit to the society is 2 or 3X? How can they say that without including intangible costs? We find it hard to believe these government claims of benefits to society because we have been trained to think about saving hard direct costs to justify investments."

Jan 1, 2017

By V. B. Achanti, A. W. Khair

Introduction Laboratory studies were carried out at West Virginia University to investigate the rock-fragmentation mechanism of continuous miners using an automated rotary cutting simulator. The primary factors influencing the fragmentation process were found to be bit spacing, bit geometry, depth of cut and cutting-drum rotational speed. This paper presents a discussion of the effects of these parameters in achieving optimum energy consumption and minimizing dust generation during rock fragmentation. The removal of rock ridges/walls between adjacent grooves is analyzed with three hits mounted simultaneously on the cutting head, while the bit tip angle was varied from 600 to 900. Bit spacing was varied from 25.4 to 50.8 mm (1 to 2 in.) while the cutting process was assessed for varying cutting depths. Respirable dusts generated during the course of the experiments were analyzed utilizing cascade impactors. Assessment of these parameters has led to a better understanding of the cutting mechanism of continuous miners in terms of energy consumption and dust generation. A review of the literature revealed that a considerable amount of research has been carried out on rockcutting processes. Many authors agree that the mechanical cutting efficiencies of mining machines (e.g., continuous miners, shearers and road headers) are affected by a host of parameters. Some of these parameters are machine controlled, some are operator controlled, while others are uncontrollable. Efforts were focused on understanding the influence of parameters such as bit spacing, cutting depth, attack angle, bit type, drum speed, bit geometry (i.e., tip size, shape and tip angle) and rock type on the cutting process efficiency in terms of specific energy consumption and respirable dust generation (Strehig?? et al., 1975, Hanson et al., 1979, Khair et al., 1989). Roepke et al. (1976) in an attempt to study the dust and energy generated during coal cutting using point attack bits found that the dust and the specific energy consumed both decrease as the depth of cut increases. The four fundamental stages of dust generation luring rock fragmentation are identified by Zipf and Bieniawski (1989). Coal breakage by various types of wedges was assessed by Evans and Pomeroy (1966) in an extensive experimental study on British coals. Yet the industry today requires further attention and guidance to optimize the energy consumption and dust generation during the rockbreakage process. This paper attempts to give a better understanding of the influence of some of the parameters listed above and focuses on further improvement in the rock-cutting process. The specific energy consumed for different types of bits used and the respirable dust generated are analyzed in the context of the variation of a few other parameters. Laboratory investigation The experiments were performed in the Rock Mechanics Laboratories located at West Virginia University. A rock-cutting simulator designed and fabricated by Khair (1984) was utilized for this purpose. The details of this machine are available in the literature (see Khair 1984). For this study, a series of preliminary experiments was carried out to determine the optimum cutting frame advance speed. This was intended to facilitate a maximum cut depth of 31.75 mm (1.25 in.) at an advance rate of 0.525 mm/s (0.0207 ips) for all types of bits being used and various bit spacings being considered. To look into the cutting-process efficiency of a continuous miner in the laboratory, several parameters of influence are being considered. Besides the bit-geometry parameters, machine- and operator-controlled parameters, such as spacing of bits on the cutting head, the cutting head rotational speed and the total cutting depth during an experiment, are varied. At the time this paper was written, only part of the completed experiments were ana¬lyzed, and a number of experiments were still being carried out following an orthogonal fractional factorial experimental plan to assess the effect of all of the above¬mentioned parameters on the cutting efficiency in terms of energy consumption and dust generation. Three different types of tip angles, namely, 60°, 75° and 90°, and two different tip sizes, namely, diameters of 7.94 and 24.61 mm (0.313 and 0.969 in.), were used. At

Jan 1, 1999

By Robert M. Dreyer

In an industrialized nation, as the process of industrialization continues, the ratio of the value of production of non-metallic to metallic minerals normally increases gradually over a period of years. For example, in the United States, the ratio of the value of production of non-metals to metals now is approximately two-to-one. Those of us who come from California like to think that we inherit the mantle of the old hard-rock miner, but the truth of the matter is that, in California, of the total value of mineral production exclusive of fuels, 97% comes from non-metallic - industrial - minerals. Since the industrial minerals furnish a principal source of raw materials for the construction and chemical processing industries and since these two industries, in industrialized nations, generally increase directly with increasing population, the future of industrial mineral production both in the United States and throughout the world is indeed bright. Because of the importance of industrial mineral production, it often surprises those of us in the industrial mineral industry to find that industrial minerals are poorly understood by many of our colleagues in the mining industry. I think that one reason for this comprehension of the industrial mineral industry is that the education of both geologists and mining engineers still markedly emphasizes exploitation of the metals.

Jan 1, 1964

By Stefano Colombelli, Nicola Bona, Gabriele Eccher, Luca Schiavinato, Paolo Cucino, Domenico Nave

"BIM technologies provide tools and processes to effectively support the entire life of an infrastructure, from strategic planning to maintenance. As a consequence, infrastructure design processes currently make frequent use of BIM tools. This paper describes the BIM oriented design of the underground railway extension in the metropolitan area of Catania. The paper highlights the design process and the chosen BIM tools considering the boundary conditions characterizing the project, i.e. basic information missing in the final design project, need of coordination between different design disciplines and designer companies, and, finally, need for a flexible design approach able to adapt to changes occurring during design development. INTRODUCTION The underground railway extension in the metropolitan area of Catania is composed of two lots of approximately two km each, namely “Stesicoro-Aeroporto” and “Nesima –Misterbianco”. Works to be realized are: •,Main tunnel: mechanized tunneling using a TBM-EPB machine, for the entire length of the lot; •,Underground stations: San Domenico, Vittorio Emanuele and Palestro, conventionally excavated as enlargement of the TBM tunnel after the partial demolition of precast segments; •,Ventilation and emergency shafts: connecting seven tunnel levels to road level on Stesicoro-Areaposto lot, six on Nesima-Misterbianco lot; •,Additional structures such as technical rooms and parking lot; •,Electric Substation at Monte Po' stop; •,Temporary works: TBM launching and arrival pit to be dismantled at the end of the works."

Jan 1, 2016

By A. W. Khair

This paper presents an analysis of respirabie dust generation due to the action of a continuous miner. Underground coal cutting by a drum-type continuous miner was simulated in the laboratory using a specially designed unique automated rotary coal cutting simulator (ARCCS). An analysis of -400 mesh particles was done on gravity collected material. Samples of entrained dust were collected through the use of cascade impactors. Both samples were analyzed for size distribution and particle shape. Using the simulated coal cutter permitted variation of operating and in-situ parameters to provide information on the effects on generation of -400 mesh particles. In these tests coal blocks with an approximate dimension of 18 in. x 15 in. x 6 in. (45.7 cm x 38.1 cm x 15.2 cm) were first subjected to confining pressures, equivalent to in-situ conditions. Such blocks were then cut by the cutting head of the ARCCS, thus simulating the action of the continuous miner in underground coal mining. During the tests under a particular set of in-situ and operating parameters a number of other parameters such as 1) penetration of bit into coal, 2) penetration resistance (thrust and cutting pressures), 3) rotating velocity of cutting head, and 4) acoustic emission activity in the coal block were monitored. After each cutting cycle the fractured surfaces were photographed and a velocity survey was conducted by using a sonic technique. At the end of each experiment the cutting paths of the bits in coal were photographed using an optical microscope with an attached camera.

Jan 1, 1985

By W. J. Nelson

Detailed underground geologic map- ping at a scale of 1:1200 has been carried out at the Crown II Mine of Freeman United Coal Mining Company, which operates in the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Member. The roof sequence, upward from the coal, includes (1) soft, medium- to dark-gray shale; (2) hard, black, fissile shale; (3) argillaceous nodular-bedded limestone, and (4) fine-grained, shaly, water-bearing sandstone. The first unit is highly lenticular, and any or all may be missing at a given locality. The sand- stone has a sheet facies and a channel facies. The Herrin Coal is eroded in channels near the Crown II Mine. Structural features mapped at Crown II include normal and strike-slip faults of small displacement, "slips" and clay dikes, and limestone "bosses." Less stable roof and wet con- ditions are encountered where the limestone is thin or missing or where it is broken by natural fractures or by artificial openings that inter- sect the water-bearing strata above the limestone. Geologic mapping of the underground workings has allowed us to predict faults, fracture zones, and channels ahead of the face for this mine. Some lithologic and structural patterns apparently are random and cannot now be projected. Conventional exploratory drilling is entirely inadequate to map faults or lithology of the roof, but it does indicate the range of lithologic variability, which can be used to project needs for roof sup- ports. Drilling also is useful In locating channels and in mapping regional variation in thickness and facies of the sandstone.

Jan 1, 1980

By D. Christofferson

As an alternative power source to eliminate trailing cables, ESD Corporation is installing a flywheel system on a shuttle car. Flywheel power is extracted by a high-speed generator, developed by Lear Siegler Corp., and the system -- including vacuum and lubrication and cooling auxiliaries -- is supplied by the aerospace group, Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International. The flywheel system is being developed under a three-year contract with the Department of Energy. It is a follow-up contract to a previous DOE-contracted study by General Electric Co. in which it was shown that a flywheel can be a feasible power source for a shuttle car from technical, economic, and safety standpoints. This paper addresses the status of the program, design decisions established, and plans for laboratory test procedures and underground demonstration. The flywheel-powered shuttle car is a conventional 6-ton capacity shuttle car equipped with a 7-rotor flywheel energy storage package. The energy package is the sole source of power for the shuttle car through a complete mission duty cycle (MDC) of tramming to the miner, receiving a load of coal, and returning to the secondary haulage system. Energy stored in the system exceeds MDC requirements and waiting times to provide an ample margin of reserve energy. The energy storage system is recharged by spinning the rotors back up to maximum speed each time the shuttle car comes back to the seconaary haulage system. The electrical charge motor is connected to a power source to recharge the system while the load of coal is being discharged.

Jan 1, 1981

By Klaus Böde

Within the national and international strategy of the German based construction company HOCHTIEF, the majority of its business units is equipped with the comprehensive software package ARISTOTELES. This software is a powerful business information system for all accounting and controlling related processes in medium-sized and large construction and other related companies. Due to the complexity of the software, time constraints, and limited financial resources an implementation of this software package requires thorough project management. In this paper the relevant elements of project management are outlined based on practical experiences gained during this international IT - implementation project. Special emphasis is directed to the identification and management of potential risks. In this case particular acknowledgement was given to the multinational nature of the project and modernization of the business. This includes thorough reorganization of the company, significant changes of job requirements, and substantial trainings for its employees. At the same time key success factors like knowledge transfer, adoption of Czech legal requirements, commitment of management, networked thinking, and integrated project planning come into play. The costs for implementation had to be carefully evaluated because the software was implemented in a country with a considerably low cost I price level. All these impacts to the business had to be managed within the scope of transformation of business and political environment from socialist to market driven economy.

Jan 1, 2002

By George E. Peacock

Campbell Red Lake Mine is situated at Balmertown, in the Red Lake District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. This area is some 120 miles north of the Trans Canada Highway and is some 160 miles Northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The majority of our 300 employees live in Balmertown, which is a community of some 1,200 people, situated adjacent to the mine proper. The mine is serviced by a single shaft 4,300 feet deep. There are 27 levels at 150 ft. intervals. Stoping is being carried out down to the 20th level with only preliminary development having been done on the bottom 6 levels. The majority of our mill feed of 825 tons per calendar day comes from above the 10th level. Gold occurs as specks and streaks in bluish-grey to white quartz carbonate veins. It is extremely fine grained and most is invisible to the unaided eye. In addition to Gold the veins carry varying amounts of sulphides such as, Arsenopyrite, Stibnite, Pyrite, Pyrrhotite and Sphalerite. A minor amount of silver occurs as an impurity in the gold. Arsenopyrite is a marker for the gold ore at Campbell. The average grade of the mill feed is 0.7 oz. of gold per ton. The ore is dumped into an underground ore pass that feeds to a jaw crusher on the 20th level that reduces the rock to a maximum size of 4". This material is hoisted by skips to an ore bin in the head frame.

Jan 1, 1975

By Joseph J. Garbarino

World demand for phosphate fertilizers has grown at an average annual rate of between 6 and 7 per cent over the past 10 years. In the next five years world demand is expected to at least continue to grow at that rate. Also, the continued need for improved fertilizer materials, coupled with improvements in fertilizer technology, have placed added importance on the use of phosphoric acid as a starting material for high analysis phosphate fertilizers. This demand for phosphates and phosphoric acid must be met by increased production. Increased phosphoric acid production also brings increased demand for chemical processing agents including foam control agents. We at Arizona Chemical Company have closely followed the phosphate fertilizer industries needs. Arizona Chemical Company has been an important supplier of flotation agents to the phosphate industry, primarily from its Panama City, Florida plant. We have also recognized the important role played by foam control agents in the wet-phosphoric acid manufacturing process. We feel it is the responsibility of the supplier of foam control agents to offer specifically designed products that are highly efficient and economically useful. The difficulties involved in evaluating foam control agents in the plant are recognized. Owing to the large number of variables present, and the difficulties in controlling these variables during the period of a plant trial, plant evaluation of a large number of foam control agents is impractical. We have attempted to develop a practical, reproducible, and yet rapid, laboratory evaluation test which correlates with plant performance.

Jan 1, 1966

By H. Wilcox, M. Prichard, Y. P. Chugh

Environmental considerations related to the disposal of coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) and the impacts of deforestation associated with the harvesting of timber for utilization as roof supports in mines should become more severe in the future, as landfill space and suitable timber reserves become more scarce. To help address these concerns, lightweight artificial supports, such as post and crib elements, that use large percentages of coal combustion byproducts as aggregate have been developed for use in underground mines. These structural products show equal or better engineering characteristics than timber, and they have the potential to replace timber support in underground mines. CCB-based ultralight structural material (ULSM) has also been developed and commercialized for use in the construction of ventilation stoppings in underground mines. The bulk densities of these blocks range from 0.40 to 0.64 g/cm3 (25 to 40 lb per cu ft) with more than 75% CCBs. Efforts are also given to develop and demonstrate large volume CCB-based subgrade improvement technique for road construction. Soil treated with SIUC fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) fly ash developed an immediate bearing value exceeding 25% with a swelling strain of less than I %, which is greater than untreated soils, and met Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) standard specifications. In this paper, development procedures, engineering characteristics and beneficial uses of CCB-based structural products are given.

Jan 1, 2002

By Sizhe Tan

An open pit mining operation can be considered as a production system with at least two products: ore and overburden (waste). A primary mine planning task is to schedule the production of ore and waste over its life span subject to several technical and economic constraints to maximize some objective such as the overall profit from the operation. Two major constraints are (i) the feasible combinations of ore and waste productions and (ii) the limiting function for ore production as a function of mine life. The task in scheduling production and stripping ratio (ratio of waste to ore production) is to find an ore production curve below the upper bound function of ore production, and a stripping ratio curve within the feasible domain of ore production and overburden removal while maximizing the defined objective. Zn this paper, feasibility of developing computerized optimization models to perform such a scheduling process is explored. Two optimization models are proposed for the task. In the first approach, a linear programming (LP) model is employed and in the second, a dynamic programming procedure (DP) is outlined. In these models, in addition to the consideration of the two major constraints mentioned earlier, various other contributing factors such as interest rate, equipment purchase cost and installation schedule, operating cost, and equipment idle cost are incorporated. An example is provided to illustrate the LP model application.

Jan 1, 1992

By S. T. Krukowski

Traditionally the lime industry is governed by market, location, and transportation. These factors also may act as obstacles to global market access. Lime manufacture responds to market opportunities by first focusing on location. Lime markets are diverse and widespread, and ubiquitous occurrences of limestone make development of a widespread industry possible. Lime’s low to moderate unit value restricts transporting it long distances. Other factors (including lime reactivity, dedicated container use and other liabilities) limit shipping lime far. In the past many small to medium size companies made lime for local use. Today the global aspect of the industry is ownership by few large companies producing lime for local consumption.

Jan 1, 2003

By A. A. Wallach

During the early design stages of the San Manuel Concentrator, numerous questions were raised concerning the required slope for tailings pipelines. The tailings disposal area which had been selected was so situated, that an average down-slope of 5% existed. A gravity tailings disposal system was to be designed and it was necessary to determine the optimum pipeline slope for design purposes. This information was also necessary to determine the life of the available disposal areas before tailings pumping would be required. At approximately the same time as this problem arose, it was reported that a concentrator in the southwest was having considerable operational difficulties due to periodic plugging of tailings lines. These factors combined made it seem desirable to conduct some sort of test work which might give information concerning the flow characteristics of the tailings to be produced, from the San Manuel Concentrator. It was felt that the maximum information could be obtained if a tailings line could be erected which would allow for varying slopes, varying heads and accurate measurement of pulp velocity. A five-foot Denver Agitator was installed on a bank overlooking a cut for a rail- road track. Approximately 160 feet for new &-inch pipeline with victaulic connections was installed on low trestles along the track, with provisions made for varying the slope of the line by use of accurately constructed sets of shims, A valve discharge was installed on the tank so agitated pulp could be run into a standpipe at controlled volumes. This standpipe was 10 inches in diameter and approximately 5 feet high. A 4-inch nipple welded into the side of the standpipe approximately one inch from the bottom was connected to the 4-inch pipeline. At the discharge end of the 4-inch pipeline a launder arrangement was so constructed that the entire discharge could run into a pump sump or into 50-gallon measuring vessels. In normal operation the flow was from the agitator to the standpipe through the pipeline into the pump sump and from there pumped back to the agitator tank.

Jan 1, 1958

By J. E. Gebhardt, J. A. Herbst, K. Y. Lee

Benefits of proper control of reagent usage in flotation circuits are typically improved metallurgy and savings in reagent costs. Improved metallurgy can mean more consistent product quality, i.e., final concentrate grade, better recovery of product values from the feed, or higher plant throughput at existing target recovery, and grade values. Flotation performance is sensitive to a variety of process disturbances which occur in operating plants, such as changes in flow rate, percent solids, size distribution. flotability of mineral species, etc. A way to handle these variations is to fully understand the dynamic flotation responses to disturbances and to implement a suitable control strategy to compensate for these disturbances. Depending on the objectives of the control system, various types of control strategies are available which employ different levels of refinement to achieve the desired performance. Typically, variables such as collector and frother dosages and reagent addition points can be manipulated to affect the performance of the circuit. In the case of sulflde mineral flotation, manipulation of the process electrochemical potential, in flotation and in grinding, offers another degree of process control. Because of the complex and interactive nature of flotation process variables, optimized reagent control requires consideration of all, or at least the most important, interactive variables of the flotation circuit. Model- based optimizing control provides a framework to handle the complex and dynamic nature of flotation reagent process control.

Jan 1, 1994

By Chris Joyce, Peter Ryan

Investigation of the occurrence and significance of acid drainage from mine sites in Australia has received a degree of attention in recent years. For contemporary and future projects, particularly those in hi1;1her rainfall areas, the focus on prediction and resolution of acid drainage issues is. likely to increase. This paper describes the preventative and remedial measures adopted at three metalliferous mines in northern Australia at which acid drainage was identified as a key issue with respect to project environmental management and rehabilitation. The thre case studies respectively comprise an active, ·1 recently decommissioned and an abandoned operatiou which was rehabilitated in the mid '80s.

Jan 1, 1991

By Daniel Tempelis, Tom Freeman, Eric Fordham, John Shamma, Steven Duke

The Arrowhead Tunnels in southern California are being completed by MWD under stringent groundwater in?ow limits established by the U.S. Forest Service. Pre-excavation grouting, new TBMs and a bolted, gasketed, pre-cast concrete segment initial lining are employed to control water in?ows. The effectiveness of prescribed water control measures was analyzed using conservative assumptions with the analytical techniques described by Goodman (1964), Heuer (1995), and numerical modeling. Analyses results suggest groundwater in?ows to the tunnels can be maintained well below the limits with aggressive pre-excavation grouting balanced against a reasonable rate of advance and quality erection of the initial lining system.

Jan 1, 2003

By Ashis Bhattacherjee, Subrata Chatterjee, Michael T. Dewey, Christopher J. Bise

In order to continue the advancements made during the past two decades in the reduction of the severity of accidents and injuries in underground coal mining, closer attention will have to be paid to the increasing number of accidents resulting in disabling injuries and lost time. With the increased emphasis on safety training reflected in the Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977 (Public Law 96-1641, and on MSHA's current focus on the application of Job Safety Analysis, it appears that the acquisition, evaluation, and application of accident and incident data will take on an even greater importance. To manage this large amount of information will require a significant commitment of time and attention on the part of mine training departments. A USBM-sponsored research project is currently being completed at Penn State which focuser on the development of a model training program for mining. The program is based on five distinct steps which represent the coupling of a needs assessment with the program implementation. The five steps are: 1) database analysis, 2) workplace observations, 3) identification of trainable problem areas, 4) a library of training resources, and 6) the implementation of the program. In each of these areas, the microcomputer has proven to be a valuable tool for collecting, analyzing, and presenting accident and incident information. This paper will detail the manner in which microcomputers have been fully integrated into the model training program. Examples of applications at existing mines will also be discussed.

Jan 1, 1992