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For the year ending February, 1920 PRESIDENT HORACE V. WINCHELL MINNEAPOLIS, MINN PAST PRESIDENTS PHILIP N. MOORE ST. Louis, Mo. SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT A. R. LEDOUX NEW YORK, N. Y. TREASURER GEORGE D. BARRON NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY BRADLEY STOUGHTON NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 4, 1919

By H. Scott

IN a paper read before the Institute of Metals, Rosenhain 1 described a new type of furnace designed primarily for the thermal analysis of metals by the inverse-rate method and used by him in the metallurgical department of the National Physical Laboratory with considerable success. In his discussion of this furnace, Rosenhain pointed out some difficulties met with in its operation, such as uniformity of rate of heating or cooling being inadequate for the degree of accuracy aimed at. To overcome this difficulty, he suggested, in place of motor propulsion, a gravity drive controlled by a"hydraulic cylinder with a relief valve whose width of opening can he regulated to allow of any desired rate of motion." The authors, in constructing a thermal-analysis furnace of Rosenhain's type, have therefore followed this suggestion and also added certain features that increase somewhat the convenience and simplicity of its operation. Requests for information regarding this furnace and the highly satisfactory results obtained from its use, it is believed, justify describing its construction and operation in sufficient detail to make possible its duplication or improvement. Description of Furnace.-The details of the furnace construction are shown in Fig. 1, which is drawn to scale. The heating tube is of /4 in. (6.35 mm.) wall "alundum" heated at the upper end by seventeen turns of 0.52 mm. platinum wire, which is coated with "alundum" cement supplied for this purpose. The cement coating is essential when a high temperature (over 1000° C.) is required, as it prevents hot spots with the resulting burning out of the heater. This platinum-wire winding, unlike "nichrome," is entirely satisfactory for temperatures of at least 1000° C. It has been maintained at that temperature continuously for 2 months and shows no signs of deterioration. This temperature is maintained by a current of 5 amp. drawn from 30 volts potential, so its necessarily continuous operation is quite economical.

Jan 8, 1919

By Charles W. Frey

OF all the machinery used in mining work, mine cars are probably the most abused. They are hauled through water and muck, up hill and down grade, whipped around curves, bumped and jerked, and exposed to the ravages of the weather. However, as a general rule their lubrication is not altogether neglected. The mine operator may not heed the extra drag that a frozen conveyor bearing gives, but he is all too aware of the increased load that faulty mine car wheels put on his power plant. When the circuit breakers begin to fly, and when his mine loco- motives come out with only half the cars that they were able to carry a month before, then neglected mine car wheel lubrication becomes apparent, and woe to the person responsible.

Jan 1, 1938

By H. W. Paxton, C. C. Busby

IT has been shown previously' that strain aging can markedly improve the tensile properties of low carbon martensites, especially the yield-tensile ratio, without seriously affecting the ductility. In view of interest in high strength steels, an investigation has been made of the effect of strain aging following tension or rolling on the tensile properties of A1S1 4340 in an attempt to obtain a tensile

Jan 1, 1957

By A. S. Keh, H. A. Wriedt

The Precipitation of nitrides in quenched Fe-N alloys, aged between 25° and 200°C, was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Different dislocation substructures were introduced into the materials by recrystallization, cold working, and by Phase transformation prior to the introduction of nitrogen. It was found that the precipitated nitrides, tentatively identified as Fe16N2, have (100) habit planes. Nucleation takes place Preferentially at dislocations and at subboundaries. It sometimes occurs in the matrix, probably on vacancy clusters, but rarely on high-angle boundaries. The process of nucleation on dislocations and subboundaries is very temperature dependent. At room temperature there is no particular orientation relationship between the dislocations involved and the (100) planes on which the nitride Particles formed. With increasing temperature, the nucleation sites tend to become restricted to those dislocation segments lying in (100) planes. The change of yield stress of the 0.022 and 0.043 pet N alloys during quench aging can be correlated semiquantitatively with the change in particle distribution. Strain aging in quenched alloys can be separated into two stages. The early stage is attributed to nitrogen segregation to dislocations and the later stage is associated with precipitation. When previously quench-aged specimens were strained and aged, no additional Precipitates could be seen, although a considerable amount of strain aging occurred. DURING the past two decades, the precipitation of nitrides from a iron has been extensively studied by various techniques. It has been established that two types of nitride exist. The stable nitride, Fe4N, forms at temperatures above 250oC and Fe16N2, the

Jan 1, 1962

By W. H. Emmons

This paper is the third of a series treating of the relations of ores of the metals to igneous rocks. The first' outlined the general problem; the second2 proposed a classification of lode ores, and showed how the distribution of the deposits is in a certain measure controlled by the contour of the roof of the parent batholith. A number of mining districts were discussed, the examples being selected chiefly from group 2 of the classification. The proposed classification of lode deposits, briefly stated, is as follows: 1. Cryptobatholithic: near hidden batholiths which have not yet been exhumed by erosion. 2. Acrobatholithic: in and near cupolas or domes of batholiths—the high points of larger underlying masses. 3. Epibatholithic: on batholiths, near their rims, but below eroded cupolas, or below the highest points of the roofs. 4. Embatholithic: among closely-spaced outcrops which probably are parts of a single bathohth. The outcrops of invaded rocks predominate. 5. Endobatholithic. in and near roof pendants of large batholiths. The invading rocks predominate. 6. Hypobatholithic: in deeply-eroded batholiths, where even roof pendants have been eroded. Deposits of certain metals on the roofs of the batholiths are much more numerous in some positions than deposits of other metals, and the horizontal zonal arrangements of lodes of different metals are shown characteristically only in certain groups. In a large measure, also, the character of the fracturing and metallization is determined by the position on the roof of the batholith. The disseminated copper ores in porphyry constitute a clearly-defined type. All the deposits of these ores, as far as known, are in group 2. They appear to have been formed only in and around small upward projections of the parent granitic masses, and not low on the walls of the

Jan 1, 1927

By G. A. Deitz, J. Halpren

The kinetics of dissolution of silver in cyanide solutions under oxygen pressure have been investigated over a wide range of conditions with a view to establishing the reactions involved and the factors which influence the rate. The results indicate that the rate is determined principally by the transport of reactants in solution to the silver surface. The thermodynamic features of the reaction with particular reference to the influence of pH and CN- are also discussed and summarized in the form of potential-pH diagrams. METALLIC silver is readily attacked and dissolved by cyanide solutions in the presence of oxygen. This reaction has long been recognized and extensively applied1 in the well-known cyanide process for the extraction of silver from its ores. While this process has been subjected in the past to a number of investigations2,3 both of a practical and fundamental nature, some features relating to the chemistry of the reactions involved, the role of oxygen, the nature of the rate-controlling step, and the effects of pH and certain reagents such as lime, are still not fully understood. It was felt that this situation justified a further investigation of the reaction, made with a view to obtaining a better understanding of its kinetics and mechanism. In the present investigation rate curves for the dissolution of silver were determined over an extensive range of carefully controlled reaction conditions. By carrying out the reactions in a pressure vessel, the partial pressure of oxygen, and hence its concentration, could be varied widely. The influence on the reaction of other variables including temperature, pH, and the concentrations of cyanide, peroxide, and other salts was also examined. The results of these kinetic studies are presented and discussed in this paper, together with a summary of available thermodynamic information relating to the possible reactions which can accompany the attack on silver by aqueous solutions of cyanide and oxygen. Chemistry and Thermodynamics of the Reaction The chemistry of the reactions of gold and silver with aqueous cyanide solutions has been the subject of several recent reviews.'." It has been proposed' that the following reaction occurs when silver dissolves in cyanide solutions in the presence of oxygen: 4Ag + 8CN- + 0, + 2H.0 -t 4Ag(CN); + 40H- [la] An equation of this form, for the corresponding dissolution of gold, was first suggested by Elsner." Bodlaender5 proposed a similar overall reaction, but suggested that it took place in two steps, 2Ag + 4CN- + O2 + 2H2O ? 2Ag(CN),- + 2OH- + H2O2 [2a] followed by 2Ag + 4CN- + H2O2? 2Ag(CN); + 20H- [3a] On the other hand, Janin- suggested that the dissolution of gold can occur with the liberation of hydrogen, rather than by reduction of oxygen. The corresponding equation for the dissolution of silver is 2Ag + 4CN- + 2H20 -t 2Ag(CN); + 20H + H2 [4a] All these reactions represent oxidation-reduction processes and may be resolved into the corresponding separate oxidation and reduction components. The oxidation step involves the formation of the argentocyanide ion and is the same for all the reactions, i.e., Ag + 2CN? Ag(CN)2 + e [51 However, reactions la, 2a, 3a, and 4a differ in the nature of the reduction steps which are, respectively, O2 + 2H2O + 4e ? 4OH- [lb] O2 + 2H2O + 2e ? H2O2 + 2OH- [2b] H2O2 + 2e ? 2OH- [3b] 2H2O + 2e? 20H- + H2 [4b]

Jan 1, 1954

By K. L. Woodruff

The first step in processing municipal solid waste (MSW), principally household waste, for resource recovery is usually shredding. A trommel has been investigated as a step to precede shredding. This way abrasive inorganic materials, such as stones and metals, would be removed prior to shredding, thus lowering the amount of feed and hence maintenance on the shredder. In addition, friable materials such as glass would be removed in large pieces, rather than pulverized too mall to process for recovery. The utility of a trommel for these purposes was investigated on a pilot scale using a unit 9 ft diam by 10 ft long with 4-in. square clear openings. Experimental results indicate that up to approximately half of the MSW may be removed as -4-in. material prior to shredding. The -4-in. fraction contains approximately 70% of the metals and 95% of the glass present in the MSW feed to the unit. Scale-up and cost information necessary for the design of a 60 to 70 tph unit is developed.

Jan 1, 1977

By G. Ansel, J. O. Betteron

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER is to give a brief picture of present day magnesium rolling practice, to elaborate on laboratory and development rolling experiments; and finally, to discuss the possible Future rolling of magnesium. The present production practice is so varied between various mills that it can only he concluded that no single producer is now using a process that is outstandingly superior to others. In view of this, only the general features of present day production practice have been presented and attention is focussed on the results of laboratory find development rolling of magnesium-base alloys as indications of the Future trend of magnesium rolling. MAGNESIUM ROLLING LITERATURE The literature relating to magnesium rolling is divided into three groups: the deformation mechanisms of the hexagonal magnesium crystals, the metallurgical aspects and laboratory type experiments in rolling, and finally, the articles on production rolling methods. This literature was reviewed and is summarized below. In the first group of references, the existence of basal slip in magnesium single crystals was shown by Schiebold and Siebel1 and of {102} twinning by Mathewson and Phillips2, Schmid3 predicted and partially established {101} slip at hot working temperatures. Bakarian and Mathewson4 confirmed the above and eliminated {101} twinning as a probable deformation mechan-

Jan 1, 1948

By Arthur B. Cummins, Henry Mulryan

DIATOMITE is a hydrous or opaline form of silica, commonly known as diatomaceous earth, diatomaceous silica or kieselguhr. The term "infusorial earth" has lost its original meaning and today is incorrect in view of the distinctions between diatoms and infusoria. Various locality and variety names are obsolete but some retain local significance. Moler and Celite are trade names that have become associated with diatomite products from certain deposits in Denmark and near Lompoc, California. COMPOSITION Diatomite is essentially silica with some combined water (2 to 10 pct). Frequently it contains organic matter (from traces up to over 30 pct) and varying amounts of inorganic impurities such as sand, cryptocrystalline silica, clay, volcanic ash, calcium carbonate, magnesia and soluble salts. In the natural or crude state, diatomite contains from 10 to 65 pct or more of free water. Table I gives analyses of several diatomites from deposits of different types. PROPERTIES Pure varieties, either massive or stratified, are friable and porous, of low apparent density, and somewhat chalklike in appearance. Varieties containing organic matter vary from sedimentary oozes to peatlike materials. Impure varieties may be more or less claylike, sandy, calcareous or cherty. Compacted types approach porcellanite and silicified shales. COLOR-white, cream, gray, tan, brown, greenish to nearly black. HARDNES-light-weight varieties appear 1 to 1.5 because of porosity, but microscopic particles are 4.5 to 6.5. SPECIFIC GRAVITY-1.9 to 2.35. APPARENT DENSITY---dry block form, 20 to 40 lb per cu ft; dry powder, 5 to 16 lb per cu ft. CRYSTAL SYSTEM-generally amorphous (isotropic by X-ray diffraction) but frequently showing faint cristobalite pattern.67.68,70 MELTING POINT-1400° to 1650°C. STREAK-white. LUSTER

Jan 1, 1949

By Carl F. Dietz

(New York Meeting, February, 1912.) THE problem of drying ores is one that most mill-engineers are sooner or later called upon to meet, and it may be timely to point out sortie of the difficulties resulting from such operations from purely a metallurgical and economic stand-point. We mean, in the following pages, to discuss primarily the effect of such operations on. the ore itself, without particular reference to the mechanical or cost features of the subject; That an appreciable tonnage of the ore fed to the usual form of drier, either rotary or stack, is lost, is fairly well appreciated, but we believe that only a few mill-managers know just. what their drier-losses amount to, and we have found that in most cases they console themselves with the fact that the drier-smoke is not very much discolored, and it is generally believed that the draft is not sufficient to carry away more than a. negligible percentage of the values. The drying of ores is becoming an important factor. since the more general application of magnetic, static, and dry-table treatment. Its importance in the field of metallurgical operations warrants a close examination into its effects. This subject has been repeatedly brought hone to us, and while the drier-losses, in every case examined, have considerably exceeded even the most generous estimate, an attempt at a recovery of these values is rarely made. We have found that the losses resulting from drying-operations can be effectively recovered, at a low cost, and believe that the publication of the results of a number of investigations along these lines will be of interest and benefit to the profession at large. To dry an ore quickly and effectively, it must be brought into actual contact with hot gases or air. The rapid drying is effected by the fact that the hotter the gas the hungrier it is

Jul 1, 1912

THE Institute assembled in the rooms of the Geographical Society, Cooper Union, at 8 o'clock P.M., February 24th, 1874. President Barnard, of Columbia College, delivered an address of welcome, to which President Raymond responded. The Council then presented the following names, duly indorsed for election as members and associates. The gentlemen named were unanimously elected. *Bullock, M. C., - New York. †Burke, M. D., - Cincinnati, Ohio. *Burt, M. W., -Wheeling, W. Va. †Cameron, J. G. M., - New York. *Canfleld, Frederick A., - Dover, N. J. *Chandler, Prof. C. F., - New York. *Clayton, J. E., - Salt Lake City. †Colton, C. A., - New York. *Cooke, Prof. George H., - New Brunswick, N. J. *Cooper, Edward, - New York. *Dahlgren, C. B., - Mazatlan, Mexico. †Dutton, Capt. C. E., - Washington, D. C. *Eurich, E. F., - New York. †Fuller, H. L., - Woodside, Luzerne County, Pa. †Hamilton, S. Jr., - New York †Harnickell, A., - New York. *Hearne, F. J., - Wheeling, W. Va. *Hill, Samuel W., - Marshall, Mich. *Hulbert, Edward J., - Houghton, Mich. *Hunt, R. W., - Troy, N. Y. †lhlseng, M., - New York. *Iselin, Henri, - New York. *Janney, Morris P., - Pottstown, Pa. *Jenney, Frank B., - Brooklyn, N. Y. *Jenney, Walter P., - Brooklyn, N. Y. †Joy, D. A., - New York. *King, Clarence, - New York. *Kittoe, E. F., - Charleston, S. C. †Lawrence, Robert,. - New York. *Locke, J. M., - Cincinnati, Ohio. *McCormick, Henry, - Harrisburg, Pa. * Members. † Associates.

Jan 1, 1874

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS For the year ending February, 1935 PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR HOWARD N. EAVENSON PITTSBURGH, PA. PAST PRESIDENTS AND DIRECTORS SCOTT TURNER WASHINGTON, D. C. FREDERICK M. BECKET NEW YORK, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENT, TREASURER AND DIRECTOR KARL EILERS NEW YORK, N. Y. VICE-PRESIDENTS AND DIRECTORS EUGENE MCAULIFFE OMAHA, NEB. PAUL D. MERICA NEW YORK, N. Y. HENRY KRUMB SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH EDGAR RICKARD NEW YORK, N. Y. LOUIS S. CATES NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 1, 1934

Jan 1, 1891

THIS chapter and Chapter 19 deal with the heat quantities involved in open-hearth steelmaking, including the thermal efficiency of the furnace as a generator of high-temperature heat, the heat storage in the steel and slag produced and in the furnace walls, and the heats of the various chemical reactions involved in combustion, in the formation of slag, and the refining of steel. The fundamental laws to be considered are the first two laws of thermodynamics as applied to problems involving sensible and potential (or latent) heat only: 1. Heat input equals heat outflow plus storage. 2. Heat may be transferred only from a hotter body to a colder one. The first of these laws relates to the various heat quantities or the heat balance of the process. No one has as yet made an open-hearth heat balance that came out almost exactly balanced. The cause probably lies in the difficulties of accurate temperature and flow-rate measurements at the high temperatures involved and the inherent complexities in flow distribution and air leakage present in any real open-hearth furnace system. Some idea of the magnitude of the heat quantities involved can be obtained by a brief, crude outline of the heat balance of a 90-ton heat of steel. We will assume a 60 to 70 per cent hot- metal charge in a fairly fast working and only moderately efficient furnace, burning fuel oil, with a fuel consumption of around 4 million Btu per net ton of ingots produced. The time from start of charge to tap is 9 hr. During this period, the oil burned represents 360 million Btu and the sensible heat in the preheated air at the port ends is 117 million Btu, so that the total heat input at the ports is 477 million Btu. Heat stored in the steel and slag at the end of the heat, plus the various amounts absorbed by certain bath reactions, amounts to a total of 195 million Btu, but 120 million of this is supplied by the heat in the hot metal and by various heat-evolving reactions in the bath,

Jan 1, 1951

By Y. L. Yao

The solubility limit of oxygeu in a titanionn at 850°C has been determined by magnetic measurements as 12.5 + 0.5 pct (29.0—30,9 at. pct). Also in the susceptibility-co~centmtion curve, there is n distinct but not sharp maximum at 19.0 * 0.5 z~t pet (40.5--42.1 at. pct), which indicates the presence of the 6 phase. The magnetic susceptibilities of the alloys of the titanium-oxygen system were determined byEhrlich in 1939.' is alloys were prepared by sintiring mixtures of titanium and its oxide at high temperatures. On the titanium-rich side, despite the fact that the alloy compositions he measured crossed two phase boundaries, the limited results obtained

Jan 1, 1960

Jan 1, 1890

By J. O. Nelson, C. J. Altstetter

Single crystals of hcp cobalt, 3 mm in diameter and up to 35 cm long, were grown using an electron-beam, zone-melting technique. The martensitic-phase transformation was studied in single-crystalline and polycrystalline specimens by making length-change measurements as a function of temperature under various elastic compressive stresses. Upon thermal cycling, single-crystalline or polycrystalline specimens repeatedly transformed almost entirely on the same variant of close-packed plane provided the maximum temperature did not exceed 600°C. Cycling to 1000°C resulted in transformation on more than one {111} variant. This behavior is termed multivariance. The multivariant transformation occurred very rapidly at an M, temperature 2° to 6°C lower than the M, of a transformation which would result in a single-crystal product. Elastic compressive stresses (up to 253 g per sq mm) tended to lower the A, and raise the M, temperatures, decreasing the width of the temperature vs dilatation hysteresis loop. The transformation habit plane and transformation shear direction of an as-grown single crystal were not grossly affected by elastic compressi?ie stress. This was evidenced by similar dilatations on the temperature us dilatation loops joy specimens with and without compressive stress. A dislocation mechanism is proposed to explain the observed results. IT has been shown that, on heating, cobalt transforms martensitically from the hcp to the fcc phase.' The transformation habit plane is (0001)hcp || (lll)fcc and the transformation shear direction is (1010)hcp || (112)fcc. The transformation involves a shear of 1g°28', which may be achieved by a shearing of a/6(112) of every two planes with respect to the plane beneath, thus changing the ABABAB stacking of hcp to the ABCABC stacking of fcc. Associated with the phase change is a 0.3 x 10"3 contraction in the habit plane and a 4.2 X 10"3 expansion perpendicular to the habit plane resulting in a 3.6 x X volume increase on heating.' On cooling, an identical volume decrease takes place. The temperature at which the fcc phase begins to form on heating (A,) is reported as 430°C, and the temperature at which the hcp phase begins to form on cooling from an elevated temperature (A&) is reported as 390oC1,3 Consequently, temperature vs dilatation plots have the form of a hysteresis loop. If heating or cooling is reversed during a transformation, a smaller hysteresis loop results. Upon heating, the transformation is always complete; whereas, fcc is often retained at room temperature as a metastable phase entrapped in the polycrystal-line hexagonal matrix.1,4,5 Two obstacles in the theory of the allotropic-phase transformation of cobalt have been: 1) a detailed knowledge of the product nucleus, and 2) a plausible method of propagation of the transformation. Bilby,8 christian, 7 and seeger 8,9 have suggested a "pole mechanism" as a means of propagation of partiai dislocations from plane to plane. A pole dislocation and a Shockley partial come together at a node. The a/6(112) Shockley partial rotates about the pole dislocation effecting the transformation shear. The pole dislocation must have a 2a/3(111) screw component which causes extension of the transformed region by two atomic planes with each full rotation of the Shockley partial. Bollmannl0 suggested, on the other hand, that transformation propagation occurs due to the stress fields of intersecting (111)-type stacking faults. As faults intersect, a stress distribution is set up about their intersection which is in turn reduced by the emergence of another fault on the second nearest plane. This process continues with the final result of a complete phase transformation. In view of the similarities between deformation and transformation in cobalt, the effect of stress on the transformation would, hopefully, yield valuable information concerning nucleation and propagation. In the present work single-crystalline and polycrystalline specimen length changes were measured as a function of temperature at various compressive loads. PROCEDURE Several orientations of single crystals of hcp cobalt in lengths up to 25 cm were grown by electron-beam floating zone melting from 99.95 and 99.999 pct, 3-mm-diam cobalt rod as supplied by Johnson

Jan 1, 1964

The Institute assembled in the rooms of the Geographical Society, Cooper Union, at 8 o'clock P.M., February Nth, 1874. President Barnard, of Columbia College, delivered an address of Welcome, to which President Raymond responded. The Council then presented the following names, duly indorsed for election as members and associates. The gentlemen named were unanimously elected. *Bullock, M. C.,. ., . New York. Burke, M. D.,.... Cincinnati, Ohio. *Burt, M. W.,.....Wheeling, W. Va. Cameron, J. G. M.,. ..'New York. *Canfield, Frederick A,,. .. Dover, N. J. *Chandler, Prof. C. F.,. .. New York. *Clayton, J. E.,. .. . Salt Lake City. Colton, C. A,,.... New York. *Cooke, Prof. George H.,. . New Brunswick, N. J. *Cooper, Edward,.... New York. "Dahlgren, C. B.,.... Mazatlan, Mexico. Dutton, Capt. U. E.,. .. Washington, D. C. *Eurich, E. F.,.... New York. Fuller, H. L.,.... Woodside, Luzerne County, Pa. Hamilton, S. Jr.,.....New York: Harnickell, A,,.,.. New York. *Hearne, F. J.,. .. . Wheeling, W. Va. *Hill, Samuel W.,.... Marshall, Mich. *Hulbert, Edward J.,. . Houghton, Mich. *Hunt, R. W.,.....Troy, N. Y. Ihlseng, M.,.....New York. "Iselin, Henri,.... New York. *Janney, Morris P.,. ..Pottstown, Pa. "Jenney, Frank B.,. .. . Brooklyn, N. Y. *Jenney, Walter P.,... Brooklyn, N. Y. Joy, D. A.,.....New York. *King, Clarence,.... New York. *Kittoe, E. F.,....Charleston, S. C. Lawrence, Robert,.... New York. *Locke, J. M.,..... Cincinnati, Ohio. *McCormick, Henry,. .. Harrisburg, Pa.

For the year ending February, 1919 PRESIDENT SIDNEY J. JENNINGS NEW YORK, N. Y. PAST PRESIDENTS L. D. RICKETTS, NEW YORK, N. Y. PHILIP N. MOORE ST -Louis, Mo FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT C. W. GOODALE, BUTTE, MONT.. TREASURER GEORGE C. STONE, NEW YORK, N. Y. SECRETARY EMERITUS ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Jan 6, 1918