Search Documents

By William Kranz

Discussion of the paper of WILLIAM G. KRANZ, presented at the San Francisco meeting, September, 1915, and at the New York meeting, February, 1916, and printed in Bulletin No. 101, May, 1915, pp. 927 to 930. J. W. RICHARDS, So. Bethlehem, Pa.-At the present time I believe there are 35 electric steel furnaces under construction in the United States, and many more in operation. The United States Steel Corporation, for example, is putting up for one firm a plant of eight electric furnaces. The principal increase in use of the electric furnace at the present time is based on its superiority for making steel for shrapnel and for munitions of war. I understand that electric steel has been found far more reliable and suitable than ordinary steel for these purposes in Europe.

Jan 5, 1916

By Charles H. White

Methods in colorimetry are based on the assumption that the intensity of the' color of a definite volume .of solution is directly proportional to the quantity of the color-producing substance present. In the preparation and examination of colored solutions there are three ways in which the depth of color may be varied. These variables are : (1) the quantity of' the coloring matter; (2) the quantity of the solvent, or the dilution ; and (3) the thickness or depth of that portion of the solution examined. With these three variables as a basis, three general methods in colorimetry have been devised, all of which have been used in the determination of carbon in steel. In the first method, the quantity of the solution is kept the same for both the unknown steel and the standard, and the sections compared are of equal thickness, while the quantity of the standard is varied until the color obtained is of the same intensity as that produced by a definite quantity of the unknown steel. In laboratories where this method is used there is prepared and kept for permanent use a series of solutions with varying amounts of the standard, representing the percentages of carbon from the lowest to the highest demanded in that laboratory. These standard solutions are kept in bottles or test-tubes of equal diameter, and are arranged in series from the faintest to the most intense color, so that it is a simple matter to find the place of the unknown steel in the series, when the solution is of a definite volume and is contained in a tube of the same diameter as the standard tubes. In the second method, equal quantities of the standard and of the unknown steel are dissolved, the standard is diluted to a definite volume, and the solution of the unknown steel is di-

Jan 1, 1907

By Arthur T. Ward

DESPITE the intense preoccupation of most of those members connected with the mining, concentration, and reduction of iron ores, the luncheon and subsequent technical session of the Eastern Magnetite Committee were exceedingly well attended. Many of the older faces were absent, but new ones took their places. More than sixty, all told, took in the technical session. Chairman Crockett opened the session by calling upon Meredith E. Johnson, whose paper, with its accompanying graph, was in reality a comprehensive historical review of iron mining from colonial days to the end of 1941. with some notes on current expansion which indicates that New Jersey is destined to become a still more important. factor in the production of magnetite ores.

Jan 1, 1942

An Interstate Mining Commission organized in Raleigh, N. C., on April 27 still has no offices, no budget and only four members, but it could spell the beginning of the end for the state-to-state environmental control variations that have lately been con- founding the mining industry. Established by Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania, the new organization is committed to protecting land, water and other resources through improved strip and other mining practices. In pursuit of this end, it has broad authority to study all mining activities affecting the environment and to recommend improvements in mining practices and in laws regulating the mining industry. The Startup The Commission was created under an interstate Mining Compact enacted in the 1960's by the legislatures of the four member states. According to the rules of this Compact, the Commissioners in the new organization are, ex officio, the governors of the member states-namely, Chairman Louie B. Nunn (Ky.), Vice Chairman Robert W. Scott (N.C.), David Hall (Okla.) and Milton J. Shapp (Pa.). Each Commissioner, however, must appoint an advisory body to counsel him in matters relating to Commission business and delegate one member of this body to act as his alternate. Each advisory body must include representatives of mining, conservation and other public and private interests.

Jan 1, 1971

(The following list contains the names of those members of the Institute of whose connection with military service we have only recently become acquainted; it also includes the names of a few who have recently been promoted or transferred, indicated by a *. A complete list was published in the Year Book, issued as a supplement of the Bulletin for March, 1918.) ANDERSON, AMIL A., Co. A, 309th Regiment Engineers, 84th Div., American E. F., Care Postmaster, New York. ARMSTRONG, HAROLD K., Pilot, Naval Aviation, U. S. Naval Air Station, Miami, Fla. BASSETT, ARTHUR F., Co. 6, -E. 0. T. S., Camp Humphreys, Va. BEDDALL, THOMAS H., Adjutant, 1st Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F. BERNARD, CLINTON P., Candidate, 12th Observation Battery, F. A. C. 0. T. S., Camp Taylor, Ky. BROOKE, LIONEL, 50th Co., 13th Battalion, 5th Replacement Engineers, Camp Gordon, Ga. BROWNING, EDWARD, Corp., 1st Regiment Engineers, Co. D, American E. F. BUGBEE, EDWARD E., S. A. T. C. Headquarters, Raleigh N. C. BUTTERFIELD, G. BRUCE, CO. C, 605th Engineers, American E. F. CADOT, J. J., 1st Lieut., U. S. Air Service, American E. F., Care Post- master, New York. CARLOCK, J. B., Major, 2d Battalion, 1st Gas Regiment, American E. F., France.

Jan 12, 1918

A school grows big only as its usefulness increases and it will shrink rapidly if inefficient. Usefulness must be recorded in terms of service within the economic structure of the Commonwealth. Under this premise, modern mineral industries colleges must recognize and give equal significance to three interrelated, interdependent functions of service: namely, (1) resident instruction, on both the undergraduate and graduate levels; (2) research under an experiment station plan; and (3) extension training under three classifications, class instruction, correspondence instruction, and informal instruction. To train potential leaders for the mineral kingdom, to discover and teach new truths is only half of the job. Through extension training, equal attention must be given to the on-job, vocational-technical, upgrading of skilled workers on the production line. Similar to the School of Agriculture, the School of Mineral Industries is the only one in the Commonwealth offering the three functions of service in each of the subject-matter fields in mineral arts and sciences. The functions of service must be based on the modern conception of mineral conservation (Fig. 12). Conservation of minerals differs from conservation of natural resources in general because man must find new mineral deposits and excel the geologic forces of nature in processes of concentration. True mineral conservation, therefore, may be defined as energetic discovery,

Jan 1, 1950

By Adrian E. Ross

Diamond drilling through caving formations at depths greater than ZOO0 ft has long presented serious difficulty, generally solved either by casing or cementing. Casing is permitted only when the resulting smaller hole is acceptable, and cementing is frequently a problem at depth. A new method that injects cement under pressure at the desired location is an aid in diamond drilling deep holes. DRILLING through caving formations in diamond drill holes at depths greater than 2000 ft has long been a serious problem. These caving formations are normally passed only by casing the hole or by cementing the hole. Casing the hole is possible only when a resulting smaller hole is acceptable. In as much as only a limited number of reductions are economically practical, cementing is frequently considered the only method suitable for solving these problems. Cementing either by pumping a slurry into the hole or by dropping cylinders containing cement has proved satisfactory on holes under 2000 ft. In holes substantially deeper than 2000 ft these methods are not satisfactory, since during the pump- ing process cement separates out, whereas cylinders usually break before the bottom of the hole is reached. A new procedure, the injector method, apparently solves these problems.* With this method, cement is lowered in the hole in a cylinder, the cement being

Jan 1, 1953

By Adrian E. Ross

Diamond drilling through caving formations at depths greater than ZOO0 ft has long presented serious difficulty, generally solved either by casing or cementing. Casing is permitted only when the resulting smaller hole is acceptable, and cementing is frequently a problem at depth. A new method that injects cement under pressure at the desired location is an aid in diamond drilling deep holes. DRILLING through caving formations in diamond drill holes at depths greater than 2000 ft has long been a serious problem. These caving formations are normally passed only by casing the hole or by cementing the hole. Casing the hole is possible only when a resulting smaller hole is acceptable. In as much as only a limited number of reductions are economically practical, cementing is frequently considered the only method suitable for solving these problems. Cementing either by pumping a slurry into the hole or by dropping cylinders containing cement has proved satisfactory on holes under 2000 ft. In holes substantially deeper than 2000 ft these methods are not satisfactory, since during the pump- ing process cement separates out, whereas cylinders usually break before the bottom of the hole is reached. A new procedure, the injector method, apparently solves these problems.* With this method, cement is lowered in the hole in a cylinder, the cement being

Jan 1, 1953

By G. C. Wallick

Since the appearance of the paper, "Solution of the Equations of Un-steady State Two-Phase Flow in Oil Reservoirs," by W. J. West, W. W. Garvin, and J. W. Sheldon,' a two-fold investigation of this subject has been carried out. One objective of the investigation has been to deter-mine the feasibility of solving such problems 7on a medium-size com-puter such as the Datatron*, and the other objective has been to in-vestigate the application of such cal-culations to experimental and theo-retical petroleum reservoir research. In the first Datatron calculations, the fluid and rock properties published by West, et al, were used, together with the published equations describ-ing the system. Details of the formu-lation not given in the original paper are discussed in the Appendix to this note. Reference should be made to the subject paper for the complete equations and defintion of symbols. An unexpected result of this in-vestigation was the discovery that the linear solution published by West was in error. Thus, in addition to describing the Datatron solutions and to discussing certain numerical diffi-culties which will be encountered if one uses the published method of solution, the purpose of this note is to indicate the nature of this error. LINEAR FLOW Since the linear case requires a minimum amount of scaling, a fixed-decimal point Datatron program was written for the one-dimensional flow problem and an attempt was made to duplicate the solution described by West. In the case described, fluid was produced at a constant rate, Q, until such time as well pressure reached 0.04. Production was then continued at constant pressure. From the constants and curves given by West it was determined that the ini-tial constant production rate could be approximated by Q = 0.007. An ini-tial dimensionless time step ?t = 0.434 X 10 - "as used, and each suc-cessive time step was doubled until a value of = 0.444 was reached. This constant interval was then used for the remainder of the solution. In subsequent solutions, several varia-tions in the time schedule were em-ployed, including smaller time steps and slower rates of increase in the time steps. In all cases, almost identical results were obtained regardless of the time schedule employed. However, as described below, it was noted that the time schedule had some influence on the rate of convergence of the solutions. As a check on the accuracy of the solution, the cumulative production at each time step was calculated using the two methods described in the Appendix. Satisfactory agreement was observed with the differences in these two values of the order of two parts in 50,000. It should be noted that the mass balance check as described is of questionable value, particularly with regard to the well pressure and saturation. This is especially true in the radial solution where pressure and saturation values near the wellbore would make only a negligible contribution to the numer-ical integration. It is believed, how-ever, that such a comparison is ot value in determining the over-all accuracy of a solution. In comparing the Datatron solu-tion with that published by West it was discovered that in the later stages of depletion, the pressures near the well declined more rapidly in our solution than in the West solution, and that the limiting well pressure of 0.04 was reached at an earlier time than that originally reported. It thus became evident that it would be impossible to duplicate the production schedule described by West and a constant rate of production was maintained until the well pressure was equal to 0.0. A representative comparison of the results published by West with those obtained in this investigation is shown in Fig. 1, which is a plot of GOR as a function of cumulative recovery. These two curves should be in agreement until a cumulative recovery is reached which corresponds to a well pressure of 0.04 — for the Datatron solution, a recovery of approximately 5.6 per cent. Actually, a major disagreement is evident. Subsequent correspondence

Jan 1, 1958

JamEs F. Kemp, New York, N. Y.:—Mr. Hewett's paper is one of exceptional interest, because it not only adds an important contribution regarding one of the rarer, valuable elements, but also because it introduces compounds hitherto unknown and in associations no less novel. While we have occasionally discovered and recorded asphaltite in metalliferous deposits, for example in the Joplin and Granby districts, we have not seen a metallic ore in a deposit eesentially asphaltite. The source and method of introduction afford a subject well worth serious reflection.

Jan 1, 1910

By G. R. Fritterer

INVESTIGATORS in the field of temperature measurement have long sought a thermoelectric couple fulfilling the following requirements: 1. It should be useful up to and including high industrial tempera-tures; i. e., 1000° to 1800° C. 2. Its thermoelectric variation with temperature should be linear and be maintained after heating to high temperatures for long periods of time. 3. It should be reproducible; i. e., different couples of the same elements should have similar calibration curves. 4. Its thermoelectric power should be large so as to allow the industrial use of rugged recording instruments. 5. Chemical reactions with, and physical changes within the elements of the couple should not alter its calibration. No thermocouple proposed to date exhibits simultaneously all of these characteristics, whereas the couple about to be described fulfills all requirements to a satisfactory degree.

Jan 1, 1933

By HARRY H. SMITH

IT IS my understanding that, speaking broadly, the function of the engineering profession is to find how to do the thing required better for less money. Mechanical engineers, mining engineers, and the various other kinds of engineers are engaged in discovering and effectuating new and improved methods .of producing better goods and services at less cost to industry. The savings and advantages, thus, accruing ace reflected from time' to time in increased productive powers of industry and lower costs to the public which consumes the goods and services.

Jan 1, 1931

By James J. Bean

Although determining and controlling specific gravity of operating medium in a heavy-media plant manually presents no problem, there are advantages to automatic recording and control. The two installations discussed employ the usual method of measurement. Pneumatic control with band control and reset features is used to regulate dilution water and hence specific gravity. Difficulties have been mechanical in nature and associated with obtaining a proper I sample and maintaining tight air connections in bubble-tube piping:

Jan 1, 1950

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID H. BROWNE, Chairman. PERCY E. BARBOUR, Vice-Chairman A. D. BEERS, Secretary, 55 Wall St., New York, N. Y. C. A. BOHN, Treasurer. JOHN V. N. DORR, LEWIS W. FRANCIS. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. W. E. C. EUSTIS, Chairman. R. L. AGASSIZ, Vice-Chairman. E. E. BUGBEE, Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Boston, Mass. ALBERT SAUVEUR, H. L. SMYTH. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY, Chairman. OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. STANLY A. EASTON, S. SHEDD.

Jan 3, 1917

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. DAVID H. BROWNE, Chairman: PERCY E. BARBOUR, Vice-Chairman. A. D. BEERS, Secretary, 55. Wall St., New York, N. Y. C. A. BOHN, Treasurer. JOHN V. N. DORR, LEWIS W. FRANCIS. Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. W. E. C. EUSTIS, Chairman. R. L. AGASSIZ, Vice-Chairman. E. E. BUGBEE, Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Boston, Mass. ALBERT SAUVEUR, H. L. SMYTH. Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY, Chairman. OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman. LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane; Wash. STANLY A. EASTON, S. SHEDD.

Jan 1, 1917

New Members The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period June 10, 1916, to July 10, 1916: ADAMS, WILLIAM S., Filtration Engr., Anaconda Copper Min. Co., 701 Cherry, Anaconda, Mont. ALLEY, JAMES E., Shift-boss.. .......... Belmont Milling Co., Tonopah, Nev. BADGLEY, CHARLES WELLING, Research Chemist, El Paso Smelting Works, El Paso. Tex. BALLENBERG, ADOLB G., Engr., porcupine Exploration Co., Ontonagon Co., Mich. BARKER, RALPH FEINER, Met.. ................ Garfield Smelt. Co., Garfield, Utah. BLOSSOM, EDWARD LUDLAM, Staff of Research Corpn., 63 Wall St., New York, N. Y. BROUGHTON, EUGENE HARDING, Experimental Engr., Copper Queen Cons. Min. Co., . - -. -- - Bisbee, Ariz. BURFORD, SAMUEL W., Genl. Mgr., Cleveland Mining Co., 223 West Third St., Joplin, Mo.

Jan 8, 1916

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Chairman EDGAR RICKARD, Vice-Chairman D. M LIDDELL, Secretary, 7 Wall St., New. York, N. Y C. A. BOHN, Treasurer JOHN V. N. DORR _ LEWIS W FRANCIS Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. R. L. AGASSIZ, Chairman - JAMES G. CARLETON, Vice-Chairman E. E. BUGBEE Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. W. E. C. EUSTIS G. A. PACKARD Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. S. S. FOWLER, Chairman J. C. HAAS, Vice-Chairman LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer. P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. W. H. LINNEY

Jan 2, 1918

New York Meets first Wednesday after first Tuesday of each month. J. E. JOHNSON, JR., Chairman EDGAR RICKARD, Vice-Chairman D. MI. LIDDELL, Secretary, 7 Wall St., New York, N. Y. C. A. BOHN, Treasurer JOHN V. N. DORR LEWIS W. FRANCIS Boston Meets first Monday of each winter month. R. L. AGASSIZ, Chairman JAMES G. CARLETON, Vice-Chairman E. E. BUGBEE Secretary-Treasurer, Mass. Inst. of Technology. Cambridge, Mass. W. E. C. EUSTIS G. A. PACKARD Columbia Holds four sessions during year. Annual meeting in September or October. W. H. LINNEY, Chairman OSCAR LACHMUND, Vice-Chairman LYNDON K. ARMSTRONG, Secretary-Treasurer, P. O. Drawer 2154, Spokane, Wash. STANLY A. EASTON S. SHEDD

Jan 8, 1917

By Henry A. Pohs

It is a rare work of art that attains the proportions of a major construction project. One instance of such a phenomenon is Bartholdi's Miss Liberty, which was designed and built section by section in Paris and then erected in New York Harbor. Another is Borglum's massive presidential quartet hewn from the granite of Mount Rushmore. Now, however, there is a new monument in the making which will completely dwarf all others. The sculptor of this supercolossus is Korczak Ziolkowski, a colorful, bearded genius who assisted Borglum on Mount Rushmore and is now carving his own granite masterpiece from Thunderhead Mountain near Custer, S. D., just ten crow-flight miles away from Rushmore.

Jan 11, 1966

NEW MEMBERS The following list comprises the names of those persons who became members during the period Nov. 10 to Dec. 10, 1914: Members ABBOTT, Louis BENJAMIN, Chief Engr., Consolidation Coal Co., Elkhorn Div., Jenkins, Ky. ANDERSON, THORVALD J 542 S. Seventh Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. BALFOUR, A. M P. 0. Box 301, Republic, Wash. BOUDWIN, WALKER J., Mech. Engr 159 Pierpont Ave., Salt Lake City, Utah. BRADLEY, LINN, Engr Research Corpn., 63 Wall St., New York, N. Y. BROKAW, ALBERT DUDLEY, Asst. Prof., Min. and Econ. Geol., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. BUTLER, PERCIVAL PACE, Asst. Supt., Copper Queen Reduction Wks., Douglas, Ariz. CAJANDER, SVEN G., Mech. Engr Braden Copper .Co., Rancagua, Chile.

Jan 1, 1915