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Recovery of Rhenium from Mineral Raw Materials of Kazakhstan

Sep 13, 2010

By P. Amelunxen

This paper presents the authors? personal experiences in the design and operation of moly separation circuits in copper-moly concentrators. Topics discussed include column cells versus mechanical cells; use of nitrogen; use of CO2 and sulfuric acid for pH modification; and general equipment selection and sizing. A benchmarking of main operating parameters for industrial plants is presented. Upgrading curves for commercial column and mechanical cleaning circuits are also presented, showing that with average flotation kinetics and rougher concentrate grades, technical grade concentrates can be easily achieved with five column cells operating in counter-current configuration.

Jan 1, 2009

By G. Reinberg, C. D. Clarke

Most underground mining operations are dependent on pumping installations to keep the mine unwatered. The reliability of such installations is obviously of paramount importance. The volume of water to be handled is often considerable, and the total head is relatively high. In these cases, both capital cost and operating expense of the pumping installations will become significant factors in overall mining costs. To insure reliability and to keep efficiencies, and hence operating costs, within acceptable limits it goes without saying that mechanical maintenance of a mine pumping installation must receive scrupulous attention at all times. Large mine pumping installations today almost invariably use multistage centrifugal pumps, since positive-displacement units would not be economically competitive except under very unusual conditions of small volume combined with extremely high heads. Centrifugal pump maintenance, under ideal circumstances, would be confined to parts subject to normal running water, i.e., bearing surfaces, stuffing box packing, and shaft sleeves. Under adverse conditions, however, metal may be lost from the wetted surfaces of a pump by erosive or corrosive action of the pumped fluid, and maintenance costs can easily attain enormous proportions.

Aug 1, 1956

Jan 1, 1968

By H. Zhu, F. Xu, T. Wang

Abstract : The deformation monitoring data of the middle pier of the in permanent ship lock in Three Gorges revealed several interesting deformation phenomena. Conclusions and explanations are made concerning the phenomena in this paper, based on the finite element and engineering geology analyses. Firstly, the fluctuation of the horizontal transformations can be attributed to the alternate excavation of the two neighbouring ship lock rooms. Secondly, the rock mass discontinuities result in the displacement breaks. Lastly, the main reasons for the one-sided leaning phenomena are the natural stress, which is not evenly distributed, and the presence of discontinuities. This paper presents a valuable reference for studying the ‘individual phenomena’ in geotechnical engineering. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Beobachtungs claten an der Mittelpier deformation bezüglich Permannenter Schiffsschleuse in den Drei Schluchten offenbaren einige interessante Deformationsphänomene. Die Schlußforgerungen und Erklärungen dazu in dieser Arbeit basseren methodisch anf der ‚’ ‘Endlichen-Elemente-Analzse’ und der ‘Ingenieurnissen-Geograhnie-Analzse’. Erstens kann die Fluktuation der horiyontalen Transformation durch die ungleichzeitige Ausgrabung der zwei benachbarten Schiffsschleusenräume verursacht werden. Zweitens resultzert die Diskontinuität der Felsenmasse ans dem verlagerten Bruch. Drittens: Die Hauptgründe für das Zu-einer-Seite-Neigung-Phänomen in manchen Stellen sind der ungleich eigeteilte natürliche Druck und das vorhandersein der Diskontinuität. Diese Arbeit präsentiert eine wertvolle Referenz für die Untersuchung der Sonderfälle in geotechnischen Bau. Résumé: Cet article a analysé sérieusement et profondément , en utilisant des procèdes d’étude par exemple l’analyse d’éléments défini et celle de la condition géographique de traveaux , des règles typiques de la déformation montrées dans les données surveillantes à propos de la déformation des pierres centrales dans les écluses éternelles du Trois Gorges , on en a tiré une conclusion : 1) le changement des chiffres des déplacements horizontaux des pierres centrales est causé par les creusages séquentiels des cannelure voisines ; 2) l’inclinaison au Nord de toutes les pierres centrales entre les deuxième et troisième chambres d’écluse est causée par la différence de la gravitation entre les deux chambres d’écluse et par l’existence de la surface structurale ; 3) l’existence de la surface structurale cause le changement des chiffres des déplacements horizontaux des pierres centrales au niveau profond . Cet article donne une référence utile pour l’étude du ‘ problème d’indivudualité’( ou les situations anormaux) dans les données surveillantes de la déformation des pierres centrales de la génie civile.

Jan 1, 2003

By Yasuo Ojima

The mainstream of copper smelting processes in the world today is a combination of Outokumpu type Flash smelting and PS (Pierse Smith) converting process. Presently it can be estimated that about 50% of the worldwide copper production is produced by the Flash smelting process and 80% by the PS converting process. PS converting process due to its operational flexibility and despite its batch character of operation has been widely used in many smelters for more than 100 years. However, an environmental issue has been pointed out related to this process because of the difficulty of handling the fugitive gases. Recently several copper smelters in the world have been newly construeted and others have executed major modification and modernization. The continuous converting process has been applied in many of them instead of PS converting process. This paper compares PS to the emerging continuous converting process and makes a prospect of the future of the copper converting process.

Jan 1, 2003

In 1960, the Secretary of the Interior, acting under the provisions of Public Law 454, 80th Congress, appointed a Lignite Advisory Committee to aid in programming research on coal (lignite) of the north-central area. The chairman of this committee is the Secretary of the Interior or his delegated representative, and in all meetings held during 1960 and 1961, the Director of the Bureau of Mines, Marling J. Ankeny, has presided. The members of this committee were R. W. Rovelstad, President, Baukol-Noonan, Inc., Noonan, N. Dak. W. E. Keller, Vice President, Northwest Division, Truax-Traer Coal Co., Minneapolis, Minn. A. M. Cooley, Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; N. Dak.

Jan 1, 1963

By William Shaw

Conditional simulation is now an accepted tool for managing ore block design at a number of operating mines. It provides a way to consider the quality of data, local continuity and economic risk in defining ore and waste across the cut-off boundary. In addition a computer based system can ensure consistency in making decisions to meet multiple criteria such as cut-off grades, minimum ore-block size and contaminant grade limits. The development of a procedure for using multiple criteria allows ore blocks to be defined using alternative strategies depending on the specific production requirements. This has introduced the opportunity to define ore blocks for different destinations based on their material types and opens the way for geometallurgical modelling to be incorporated into grade control.

Oct 1, 2009

Jan 1, 1969

Temperature Sensitive Polymers as Efficient and Selective Flotation Collectors

Sep 13, 2010

In 2006, 14,885 mining operations reported employment data to the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).1 Almost half (48.2%) were sand and gravel mines, followed by stone mines (30.7%), coal mines (14.2%), nonmetal mines (5.0%), and metal mines (1.9%).

Jan 1, 2008

By Henry P. Wheeler

As recently as 1915, helium was available only in very small quantities at a cost equivalent to $2,500 per cubic foot. It was a laboratory curiocity, and its properties were of interest to a limited number of scientists (11).3/ During the past 30 years, however, helium has grown from a plaything of scientists to a factor of importance in the prosecution of the recent war. Navy blimps filled with nonflammable helium proved to be more than a match for German submarines operating in the Atlantic. American bombers were able to fly unheard-of distances to drop bombs on Tokyo, Nagoya, Yokahama, and other Japanese cities because they had been made lighter with magnesium, arc-welded in a helium atmosphere. The Army utilized helium-filled radio-sonde balloons to obtain vital information concerning weather conditions affecting D-day invasions and other military maneuvers.

Jan 1, 1946

Jan 1, 1955

By A. K. Singh, R. Singh, P. K. Mandal

On the basis of in situ study of pillar loading at different sites, an attempt is made in this paper to visualize the development of mining induced stress under varying geo-mining conditions. Field study demonstrated interesting interaction between size of pillar and nature of roof rock mass under the influence of increasing dimension of the excavation. Stiffness of pillars/overburden, extraction ratio and depth cover are observed to be the important parameters for the estimation of mining induced stress over the pillar. These parameters influence, both, the value of ultimate induced stress (vertical) and its range of influence ahead of the face line. Further, it is observed that the change in width/height (w/h) ratio of a pillar has got considerable influence over the nature of mining induced stress over it. Impact of highly dynamic nature of mining induced stress over the natural supports is observed to be the most serious factor for the safety of working under a hard and massive roof rock mass. On the basis of these observations, a conceptual model of interaction between the natural support and overlying strata is discussed in the paper. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Aufgrund ist in situ Studium von Säule Beladung an verschiedenen Stellen, ein Versuch in diesem Papier gemacht, die Entwicklung des Bergbaus vostellen sich, Spannung unter Änderung von Geo Bergbau von Bedingungen hat veranlaßt. Feld Studium hat interessante Wechselwirkung zwischen Größe von Säule und Natur von Dach Felsen Masse unter dem Einfluß von Vermehrung Dimension des excavation vorgeführt. Steifheit des Säulen Overburden, Herausziehung Verhältnisses und Tiefe sind beobachtet bedeckt, die wichtigen Parameter für die Schätzung des Bergbaus zu sein, Spannung über der Säule hat veranlaßt. Diese Parameter beeinflussen, beide, der Wert allerletzter veranlaßter Spannung (senkrecht) und sein Bereich des Einflusses voraus von der Gesicht Linie. Weiter ist, es beobachtet, daß die Änderung in Breite Höhe (W H) Verhältnis einer Säule beträchtlichen Einfluß über der Natur des Bergbaus erhalten hat, Spannung hat darüber veranlaßt. Schlag sehr dynamischer Natur des Bergbaus ist Spannung über den natürlichen Stützen beobachtet hat veranlaßt, der ernsteste Faktor für die Sicherheit des Arbeitens unter einer harten und massiven Dach Felsen Masse zu sein. Aufgrund dieser Beobachtungen, ein begriffliches Modell der Wechselwirkung zwischen der natürlichen Stütze und der überlagernde strata ist im Papier diskutiert. RESUME: En se basant sur dans l'étude de situ de chargement de pilier aux sites différents, une tentative est faite dans ce papier pour envisager le développement de creuse la tension persuadée sous varier de conditions de geo creuse. L'étude de champs a démontré l'interaction intéressante entre la taille de pilier et la nature de masse de rocher de toit sous l'influence d'augmenter de dimension de l'excavation. La raideur de piliers overburden, la proportion d'extraction et la couverture de profondeur est observée pour être les paramètres importants pour le jugement de creuse la tension persuadée par-dessus le pilier. Ces paramètres influencent, les deux, la valeur de tension persuadée ultime (vertical) et sa gamme d'influence en avant de la ligne de face. Plus, il est observé que le changement dans la largeur hauteur (le w h) la proportion d'un pilier a reçu l'influence considérable par-dessus la nature de creuse la tension persuadée par-dessus il. L'impact de nature extrêmement dynamique de creuse la tension persuadée par-dessus les soutiens naturels est observé pour être le facteur le plus sérieux pour la sûreté de fonctionnement sous une masse de rocher de toit dure et massive. En se basant sur ces observations, un modèle conceptuel d'interaction entre le soutien naturel et les couches recouvrant est discuté dans le papier.

Jan 1, 2003

Who's Who in Mineral Engineering - The 1978 Membership Directory of the Society of Mining Engineers of AIME

Jan 7, 1978

By B. F. Zwick

The entire production of oil in Ecuador so far has come from the Santa Elens Peninsula, Province of Guayas. Both the shallow fields of the northern and the deeper fields of the southern part of the peninsula have been in constant exploitation, though the former are of doubtful economic value. In Table I herewith, which commences with the total amounts produced by the various companies up to 1940, annual company totals are given for the succeeding years. The figures for 1944 have been partly estimated. Table 2 gives figures on casinghead gasoline. Shell Company of Ecuador (formerly known as Anglo-Saxon) has continued active exploration in the Oriente region east of the Andes, and during 1944 the Company's first wildcat well was spudded in. International Ecuadorean Petroleum Co. (formerly International Petroleum Co., Limited) has pursued an active exploration campaign since the latter part of 1939, and a drilling string was placed in operation about a year later. A second string of tools was added during 1943 and a third a few months ago. Ten wildcats, all dry, have been completed in this period, two wells are drilling at the present time and other locations are on the program. Seven of the wells thus far drilled are in the area between Guayaquil and the Santa Elena Peninsula, one up the Daule River beyond Balzar, one on Puna Island in the Guayas Estuary and one in the northern province of Esmeraldas. Both the present drilling wells are in the Guayaquil-Santa Elena zone. The situation in regard to concessions has changed during the past four years because I.E.P.C. has made its selections from the extensive Daule-Guayas Study Concession, as a result of which large tracts were returned to the Government; because of the expropriation of the holdings of the "Ecuapetrol," a German concern whose acreage has passed into other hands; the Peruvian-Ecuadorean boundary settlement, which has reduced Shell's holdings somewhat; and the transfer of most of the holdings of the Cia. Minero-Petrolera del Pacifico to I.E.P,C. The greater part

Jan 1, 1945

By Richard B. Moore

This bulletin presents a summary of available information regarding the sources of uranium, radium, and vanadium, the methods used in treating the ores, and the uses of the finished products. In particular the paper describes the ores found in the United States, giving especial attention to those characteristics of the ores and the conditions of their occurrence that affect mining and treatment. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. In the preparation of this bulletin a number of persons rendered assistance by furnishing information and by making it possible for us to visit the carnotite deposits in western Colorado and eastern Utah at a time of the year when without this assistance it would have been difficult to obtain satisfactory results. We desire to express our thanks to the following persons: Henry Hall, W. L. Cummings, T. V. Curran, K. D. Hequembourg, David Taylor, H. C. Brown, Forbes Rickard, George W. Alsdorf, Dr. Herman Fleck, Orr J. Adams, C. S. Cherrington, Newt. Stewart, O. B. Willmarth, Angus Cameron, George A. Head, and Lorimer Bros.

Jan 1, 1913

By J E. (Boet) Coetzee

SAFEX International, as the name suggests, is a global organisation, which has the fundamental objective of improving the safety of operations concerned with the manufacture, storage, transport, and use of commercial and military explosives and pyrotechnic products throughout the world. It is a nonprofit making organisation of manufacturers of explosives from all parts of the world, founded in 1954 with the aim of exchanging experiences within the explosives industry. Every third year SAFEX organises a Congress during which members present papers on selected themes and discuss reports of significant incidents that occurred since the previous Congress. Admission is for SAFEX members only, thereby creating a safe environment for discussing problems “within the family”. The XV Congress will celebrate the Association’s 50th anniversary in Geneva where it was founded. An overview of the Congress indicates its structure and covers aspects such as the training event, technical seminars and the themes for the plenary sessions and associated workshops. The paper also highlights the special event for the chief executives of member companies and the review of incidents that occurred in the industry since the last Congress. The Congress concludes with a social programme for delegates and their partners on the last day.

Jan 1, 2005

By W J. Cowie

Several years of operating experience of over 100 gold recovery operations on the West Coast has provided a database from which the basic operating costs of these types of operations can be characterised. Using figures generated from the averaging of plant operating costs throughout the region and financial modelling using Lotus spreadsheets has been developed to analyse both existing and proposed developments. This type of modelling has several uses: 1. Identification of the impact on profitability of changes in management practices, finance costs, operating costs and revenue streams. 2. Project evaluation and planning. 3. Profitability projections for development financing. 4. Troubleshooting with existing operations. 5. Valuation of existing operations and properties.

Jan 1, 1987

By Kal V. S. Sastry

Comminution is an important unit operation of mineral processing in terms of large tonnage of materials processed, huge energy consumption, and high capital and operating costs. Substantial research efforts have been directed towards the development of process-engineering tools including mathematical models, process scale-up procedures and computer simulation packages (Austin et al., 1984; Rajamani and Herbst, 1990; Kawatra, 1992). The simulation systems are found to provide significant cost savings by enabling efficient circuit design and development of control systems. Most of these simulators are built from scratch, do not make use of software modules from other sources and are designed with minimal usage of formal software methodologies.

Jan 1, 1995