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By Waleska Campos Guaglianoni

With the growth of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the synthesis of nanostructured oxides has received a special attention. Metal oxides are widely used in the manufacture of microelectronic circuits, piezoelectric devices, fuel cells, catalysts, filters and bactericides systems. These metal oxides represent a large class of semiconductor materials suitable for photocatalytic processes. In recent years, new materials of this class such as TiO2 and ZnO have been developed due to their photo-catalytic abilities to degrade various environmental pollutants. This work aimed to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide previously synthesized by combustion synthesis in solution using citric acid as fuel and different reasons fuel/oxidant. After synthesis, the powders were subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures and photo-catalysis. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of a solution of methyl orange in a photochemical reactor of UV illumination, after which the transmittance of the samples measured with the assistance of a spectrophotometer. To analyze the results, a commercial zinc oxide was used as standard. The products of combustion synthesis in solution showed that photocatalytic activity varied according to the ratio fuel/oxidant and as a function of heat treatment. The results showed a higher photocatalytic activity for the products obtained with disabilities fuel in the reaction and heat treated.

Aug 8, 2018

By Miguel Araújo Vasconcelos Filho, Ulisses Tetti

In order to determine the influence of the number of increments of the sinter sample on the variability of the chemical composition obtained in Sinter Plant production, a variographic study was carried out. It was performed with two series of samples. The first series was composed of 40 samples with a 6-second interval, with the objective of obtaining the so-called minimum practical error, resulting from the extraction processes of the sample of the conveyor belt and preparation and analysis in the laboratory and the second series composed of 60 samples with a range of 4 minutes, which points to the sample selection error. The results obtained showed that the minimization of the sample selection error occurs for increments spaced in 15 minutes, being in agreement with ISO 3082, but with significantly better results than those currently practiced for intervals between 1hour increments. It was then decided on the suitability of the sampler to allow hourly increments to be collected and on a second opportunity to install a sampling tower with primary and secondary samplers to collect increments every 15 minutes including sample size reduction.

Oct 1, 2019

By Henrique Silva Furtado

Concerning production of low phosphorus steel critical grades at ArcelorMittal Tubarão site, bottom blowing system plays a very important role. For those systems with independently controlled tuyeres, some non-uniform bottom blowing patterns seem to be promising in improving metal-slag mixing; however, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of ArcelorMittal Tubarão’s post oxygen bottom blowing, this may not be generalized. Also, from industrial trials it became clear that higher the bottom blowing flow rate, the closer were the end point P to the equilibrium. Despite this result an analysis of the apparent mass transfer coefficient has shown a week correlation with the classical power stir correlation suggesting a more complex kinetic limiting step for phosphorus removal.

Jul 30, 2018

By Wenting Zhu, Liqing Chen, Junjun Cui, Zhenye Chen

In this presentation, a low carbon high strength steel microalloyed with Nb and Ti was processed by thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) containing two stages of controlled rolling. The austenite with various grain sizes was obtained by austenitizing this hot-rolled steel at different temperatures. And the effect of austenite grain size on bainitic transformation was investigated in a dilatometer to reveal microstructural change. The results showed that the microstructure of the hot-rolled steel was mainly composed of granular bainite, lath-like bainite, and martenite/austenite constituents (M-A constituents). With increasing the austenitizing temperature, or increasing the austenite grain size, the microstructure was changed from granular bainite to lath bainite. When the steel was reheated to a lower temperature of 860 ºC, a relatively higher start temperature (Bs) was measured for bainitic transformation. This was mainly caused by the formation of solute-depleted region in the austenite and the promotion of the granular bainitic nucleation. The highest reaction rate occurred at austenitizing temperature of 1000 ºC with fine grain size, while the coarse austenite grain can lead to a sharp increase in the amount of bainite. An analysis was made on the kinetics of bainite transformation which was controlled by the volume diffusion of C atom.

Oct 1, 2019

By Bruno Gomes Silva

Durante os reparos gerais nos conversores LD da CSN, as atividades de refratamento como demolição a quente, troca das ventaneiras, montagem do canal de vazamento e montagem do revestimento de trabalho e permanente, fazem parte do caminho critico do cronograma e são diretamente responsáveis pela dinâmica do evento. A montagem do canal de vazamento demandava uma série de atividades que exigiam maior tempo para execução e suporte para atividades em espaço confinado. Este trabalho apresenta sinergia entre fornecedores e diversas áreas envolvidas na montagem do canal de vazamento, onde a metodologia empregada resultou em redução no tempo de execução da atividade, disponibilidade da mão de obra e segurança operacional.

Jul 30, 2018

By Felipe Poffo, Flávio Messas

Due to the high level of competition in tooling sector, a necessity to increase the level of processes and assets management has initiated. Based on the World Class Manufacturing methodology, applied mainly in serial production industries, we have challenged ourselves to adapt the main concepts and implement them in a tooling company. After one work year, we could notice 29% productivity improvement in the bottleneck process, 25% cost reduction in outsourcing, standardization of the processes, 8% reduction in direct labor. Consequently, it was possible to implement a financial reserve and a long term planning cash flow.

Nov 22, 2018

By Rodrigo Martins, Mauro Trindade

I Reduction of energy consumption in air compressors by the implementation of individualized load control. Reduction of 3,5% from Jun / 18.

Oct 3, 2019

By Julio César de Oliveira Melo, Giuliano Felippe Soares, André Dias Leite

A resolução de problemas na operação industrial é algo complexo e precisa ser baseada em dados, muitas vezes diversos e não estruturados. Este trabalho traz uma abordagem em big data para dar visibilidade dos problemas em sistemas industriais, trazendo insights que permitam sair da intuição para assertividade, contruibuindo, assim, para redução do tempo de detecção e resolução de problemas.

Oct 1, 2019

By Salete Martins Alves

The future lubricants must be more environmentally adapted, with a higher level of performance lower total life cycle, cost than currently used lubricants. Environmental friendly, the biodegradable alternatives are available for a large variety of mineral oil based lubricants. Vegetable oils are the major source of these base fluids, although they have lower thermal and oxidation stability and even worse low-temperature behavior than mineral oil. These physical and chemical properties can be improved by chemical modification. The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties and film formation from modified vegetable oils. The vegetable oil was chemically modified by epoxidation reaction with acetic and formic acid using sunflower oils. Viscosity, iodine value, density, acidity value and thermal stability were determined for epoxidized oils. The film formation was analyzed using a HFRR tribometer. The results showed that epoxidized vegetable oils had excellent properties to be used as lubricant, and their tribological performance is higher than mineral oil.

Jul 31, 2018

By Nelson SOUTO, Nicolas LEGRAND, Sami ABDELKHALEK, Zafer KOONT

A work roll thermal crown model has been developed for a wide range of hot and cold rolling mill applications. The model is extremely fast, robust and accurate to determine the evolution of thermal crown all along the rolling campaigns. It has also ability to consider work roll shifting, multiple segmented cooling zones along the length and circumference of the roll as well as composite rolls properties (e.g. different thermal properties between mandrel and core of the roll). Moreover, the model includes simultaneously fast and slow temperature evolution calculations, respectively near roll surface (skin area) and at a certain distance below the roll surface (bulk area). This gives to thermal crown predictions a higher accuracy than conventional thermal crown models from literature that consider only the slow temperature evolution regime. An optimization procedure together with roll surface temperature and roll thermal profile measurements have been used to tune the model. The tuned model applied to hot rolling conditions has shown a significant influence of roll shifting and composite rolls properties on the prediction of roll temperature distribution and thermal crown during rolling. The tuned model applied to cold rolling conditions highlights the importance of mill operators practices to modify cooling distribution across roll barrel length with the segmented cooling zones to adjust the thermal crown and to get better strip shape control.

Oct 1, 2019

By Elen Mancini Santi Paulettor, Vinicius Calheiros, Eduardo de Oliveira Cabral

At this paper, Eirich will present its new tool for sinter analysis integrated to the sintering control system. For stabilization and optimal, continuous control of the sintering process, QualiMaster MT1, a device was developed which guarantees fully automatic representative sampling and material analysis and thus a high and stable sintering quality. Mining tailings often has a considerable proportion of valuable substances. In addition to this work, we will also present our mixing technology that allows the economic recovery of these mining tailings.

Oct 1, 2019

By Jan Lampke

Increasingly pelletizing discs are used for the recycling of dust and sludge. The applied pellet feed is highly variable, for example in terms of chemical composition, grain size distribution and raw density. These raw materials related factors lead to a destabilized pelletizing process, which initially must be homogenized through special mixtures, as well as the use of binders or additives. There are many possibilities to reach stringent restriction of material related target factors. On the one hand it is helpful to be flexible by changing the process parameters of the pelletizing disc. On the other hand, it is necessary to use a material-binder-formulation, which leads to a highly stable pelletizing process. The paper deals with an example of the use of agglomerating device, pelletizing disc, to prepare different dusts and sludges for material recycling. These dusts und sludges are mostly generated in metallurgical processes, e.g. sinterplant, blast furnace and steelworks.

Aug 16, 2017

By Ivan César Lopes Diniz

Stretcher Reducing Mill (SRM) is a mill used in production of tubes. It is composed with a set 24 of stands responsible to define the final outside diameter (OD) of tubes. External appearance is critical in this process even though this requirement has no effect on mechanical properties. For this reason, an investigation of external longitudinal marks mechanism is in progress using 6 Sigma methodology. This paper is a part of the investigation with focus on the rolls and its mechanical properties. Destructive tests were performed in the rolls and compared with the project. After a detailed investigation, it was concluded that rolls were out of hardness specification and the project was poor of information. A new supplier was developed (internal market) based on the new project and all requirements were achieved as demonstrated in this paper. A monopolistic market for this product in VSB (Vallourec Soluções Tubulares do Brasil) was eliminated. Concerning the effect on the external longitudinal marks, the new rolls developed within hardness range minimized the mechanism of wear on rolls surface and consequently on tubes surface. A collateral effect has been faced, but still better than external longitudinal marks on tubes surface. The quenched and tempered rolls are more sensitive for process variation, mainly linked with cooling system and temperature of tubes (mechanical resistance for deformation). Nevertheless, a new material has been aimed focusing on reduction of rolls breakage with good tenacity and affordable cost.

Oct 4, 2019

By Bruno Souza Fernandes

Eixos são componentes utilizados para transmissão de movimento e energia em máquinas. Os eixos são sujeitos à fadiga, visto que são submetidos à esforços combinados de flexão e torção cíclica. No presente estudo foi feita a análise de falha de eixo de uma bomba de alimentação de ureia fundida de uma fábrica de fertilizantes. Foram realizadas inspeção visual, fractografia, metalografia. A falha foi associada à concentração de tensões no raio da chaveta e ranhuras de usinagem, o que causou a fadiga.

Aug 16, 2017

By Samuel Vasconcellos

Em plantas de separação do tipo PSA ocorrem oscilações na vazão de ar intrínsecas a este processo, devido à repressurização dos vasos pré-purificadores ser feita em intervalos muito curtos. Por meio da instalação de um buffer tank foi possível tornar a coluna de destilação mais estável, aumentando a produção de líquidos, reduzindo a demanda de energia e otimizando a pré-purificação.

Jul 31, 2018

By Felipe Darabas Rzatki

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high performance thermoplastic often selected for high temperature tribological applications under chemically aggressive environments. The present work evaluate the tribological behavior of a high performance PEEK composite under ambient and high temperature (30 and 80°C, respectively). The atmosphere was also varied (air or tetrafluorethane). An AMTI tribometer equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating system was used to carry out sliding tests of PEEK cylinders on 304 stainless steel polished discs (Sq < 10 nm) with reciprocating movement and 175 N normal force. Surfaces roughness analyses were performed with a white light interferometer. As expected, there was a strong influence of temperature on the tribological behavior of the samples tested in ambient atmosphere (25% decrease in friction coefficient associated with a 100% increase in wear rate). On the other hand, samples tested in tetrafluorethane atmosphere showed no significant friction temperature dependence.

Jul 31, 2018

By Zhi Zhang

The ever increasing demand of high performance rolls in the late finishing stands (F5 – F7) for hot strip mills (HSM) requires better product solutions from roll suppliers. Roll development activities never stop at Union Electric Åkers (UEÅ) in order to meet the requirement. The HYBRID STEEL, a new concept of roll materials especially for the late finishing stands in the HSM, is successfully developed in UEÅ. This paper reviewed the development of previous ICDP as well as enhanced ICDP (eICDP) roll materials, and, the novel HYBRID STEEL roll grade. Rolls manufactured by this new grade have been used in several European mills. A significant improvement over the enhanced ICDP rolls has been observed.

Oct 30, 2017

By Márcio Corrêa de Carvalho

Welded deposited chromium carbide overlay’s has been widely used in various branches of welding overlay’s industry related to wear. Characterization techniques are an important tool in the development of chromium carbide overlays resistant to wear, enabling the identification of phases, constituents and defects. In this work one used optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy on chromium carbide overlay’s deposited by submerged arc welding process. The characterization techniques identified precisely the elements of the overlay’s enabling point of the main cause of the observed defects such as cracks, porosity and clusters of particles known in the industry as " rice crispy" .

Aug 16, 2017

By Frenk van den Berg

In the manufacturing of steel strip for the automotive sector, the mechanical properties are largely defined by the process conditions in the hot strip mill. In particular the phase transformation, from austenite to ferrite, which takes place during the forced cooling stages on the run out table (ROT) after the finishing mill, governs the microstructure and hence the mechanical properties.In current practice, metallurgical models are used to predict the phase state at each position in the strip. These model predictions are supported by pyrometer measurements along the ROT. Although reliable in the majority of the situations, both measurements and models sometimes have difficulties in providing robust output. In this paper, we present a new type of inline measurement, which directly measures the amount of phase transformed. The instrument is based on a technique known as impedance spectroscopy. As result of a collaboration of different institutes and companies, the equipment is robustly running during several years exclusively in the Hot Strip Mill of Tata Steel in IJmuiden.

Aug 16, 2017

By Cristina Escudero Martinez

The purpose of the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary steelmaking shop. Appropriated fluxes for the BOF could require low melting point to reduce the energy consumption, to reduce the energy to fluidity the slag at lower temperature and to melt at lower temperature than steel. It is necessary a good Tumble test result and the fluxes do not generate fines which could obstruct the blowing plugs, so we would have a homogeneous flux. A homogeneous chemistry that allows to control the basicity (Si and MgO levels) and a high absorption characteristics to combine the flux with P, S, Si, etc. are necessary. PASEK Dunite is an ultramaphic rock exploited in the north of Spain with a basic chemical classification being olivine and serpentine its principal minerals. It is formed by orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and olivine in variable proportion. Dunite is a very homogeneous and hard stone. The main characteristics are: High hot and cold resistance to mechanical stress (shatter / crushing / abrasion), softening and melting points of a flux, not a refractory material, large porosity which is increased more than 20% when dunite is heated at BOF process temperature, and high absorption level, and stable components with low melting points. PASEK Dunite is a good flux in BOF process and its use is recommended if the BOF process produces pig iron with low Si content, generates high levels of slag and it is necessary maintaining the basicity index and the MgO amount and with high value of hot metal ratio (high amount of phosphorus to remove).

Aug 16, 2017