Search Documents

By D. M. Xue, T. B. Li

"With the increase of human engineering activities, global climate change and active plate tectonics movement, the giant landslide frequently occurred in southwest China, which caused huge property and human losses. Besides, the potential landslides pose severely threaten to the construction and operation of airports, railways, highways and power stations etc. In order to provide accurate guidance for the landslide investigation, stability analysis and mitigation, the giant landslide is redefined according to landslide volume, depth of slip surface, complexity of landslide mechanisms, and degree of landslide mitigation difficulty, and classified with the typological classification approach based on the twofold attributes of landslide behavior including formation mechanisms and reactivation features. Finally, the threefold particularity of the giant landslide is also summarized, which enables a more effective landslide mitigation design.INTRODUCTIONWith the increase of anthropogenic activities, global climate change and active plate tectonics movement such as continual uplifting of Qinghai-Tibet plateau and strong earthquakes, the occurrence of giant landslides was in ascending trend in southwest China (Huang, 2009), which caused serious destruction, and greatly endangers such engineering construction from safety, time and economic aspects as airports, railways, highways, power stations, etc. Giant landslides have huge scale, complex formation/reactivation mechanisms and mechanical behavior. They may not be identified during the hazard investigation, but may be firstly initiated or reactivated due to the following engineering activities, heavy rainfall or strong earthquakes. Consequently, the landslide mitigation is inevitable and costly. However, it is difficult to control the deformation of giant landslide with lack of a correct understanding of genetic mechanisms (Marui, 2012; Zhang, 2000) and the excessive large sliding forces of the slide blocks calculated by the conventional limit equilibrium method. For instance, the failure of anchored pile wall for the No.102 giant ancient landslide (Zhu et al., 2012) and stabilization measures for the Sidi Rached viaduct landslide(Guemache et al., 2011); four rows of piles had not prevented the occurrence of the No.12 landslide in a high fill slope in the Panzhihua airport (Li et al., 2012)."

Jan 1, 2015

By P. A. Riveros

The literature on the arsenic disposal practices of the metallurgical industry and the long term stability of the disposed arsenic compounds were reviewed from a Canadian perspective. The review was complemented with visits to selected operating metallurgical sites to obtain information on their specific arsenic disposal practices and the behaviour of their impounded residues. The arsenic disposal procedure currently favoured by the industry involves the formation of an insoluble ferric arsenate compound which is allowed to sediment at the bottom of tailings or residue ponds. It has been shown recently that this poorly formed crystalline compound is similar to ?arsenical ferrihydrite? which is ferrihydrite containing strongly adsorbed arsenate anions. Despite concerns about its long term stability on thermodynamic grounds, arsenical ferrihydrite appears to be stable for many years in the proper environment which includes a slightly acidic pH and oxidizing conditions. A high Fe/As ratio and the presence of heavy metals appear to increase the stability of arsenical ferrihydrite. High temperature operations, such as those encountered in the autoclave treatment of refractory gold ores, are conducive to the formation of scorodite, FeAsO42H2O, and/or a series of ferric arseno-hydroxy-sulphate compounds depending on the solution composition. Scorodite has several advantages over arsenical ferrihydrite as a disposal compound including a lower iron demand, a higher density and a greater thermodynamic stability. New procedures have been developed to generate scorodite at ambient pressure. These procedures would offer significant reductions in capital cost because of the elimination of the need for autoclaves. Lime precipitation which was widely used in the past is being abandoned as a result of strong evidence showing that calcium arsenate compounds decompose slowly in contact with atmospheric CO2 to form calcium carbonate and soluble arsenic acid. In all cases, the long term stability of the disposed arsenic compounds depends on a number of factors including disposal site characteristics, particle crystallinity and size distribution, the presence of complexing agents and the effect of bacterial activity.

May 1, 2002

By W G. Forbes

SOME 20 years ago, upon finishing second year at the University of Manitoba, I was faced with the choice of whether I wanted to be a geologist or a chemist. Accordingly, I sought out Professor Brownell, Head of the Department of Geology, to ask him what a geologist did. His reply contained the statement that following graduation one went out into the field in northern Canada for 5 to 15 years to reduce to practice what had been learned at university. To a young man, very socially conscious, even one year, let alone 5 to 10, in a small mining community sounded like being banished to a monastery in the Himalayas and thus I turned to chemistry. Moving to the present, last month I asked a geologist, and then a mining engineer, what does the fresh graduate in their field do these days? The reply was: usually serve an apprenticeship for an indeterminate period either underground or in the field learning the job.

Jan 1, 1965

By Matthew S. Bingham, David H. Searle

"One of the most significant developments in environmental law has been the development of mandatory project review processes, at both the federal and provincial levels.FederalWhile, in the past, project review processes have, f or the most part, been spelled out in guidelines, the guidelines have not had the force of law. All that has changed, particularly at the federal level, with the Federal Court decisions commonly referred to as the Old Man River and Alameda and Rafferty Dam cases. These decisions, taken as a whole, are authority for the proposition that the Environmental Assessment and Review Process Guidelines Order, SOR 82-487 is a law of general application, not a mere guideline which may or may not be applied. This federal environmental assessment process first provides for a screening, and, depending upon the results of the screening process, the possibility of a public review. This federal process only applies, however, when the proposal is being undertaken by a federal department, or where the Government of Canada makes a financial contribution, or where federal lands are involved, or where a federal licence or permit is required.Bill C-78, the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, will replace the Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Process Guidelines Order once it has been passed by Parliament. Currently the bill is being widely discussed, both between governments as well as public interest groups.ProvincialOn the provincial scene, there are three project review processes, one concerned with new mines, the second with energy projects and the third with all other major projects. The most recent initiatives taken by British Columbia are twofold. First, the Mine Development Review Process which was in the form of a guideline, has been replaced by the Mine Development Assessment Act. Second, the Major Project Review Process has been formulated and is to apply to four main categories of major projects:1. Pulp and paper production;2. Mineral smelting and refining;3. Chemical products; and4. Major ports and marinas.Energy projects are governed by the Energy Project Review Process which is legislatively mandated under the Utilities Commission Act."

Jan 1, 1991

By R. H. McCorkell

"Sample drops were evaporated on Lexan disks on which fission tracks were etched and counted after neutron irradiation. [U] = 0.01 ppb could be measured. This method is rapid, cheap, simple and accurate when sufficient control and checking is possible, but several types of error were encountered in its use, the natures and sources of which were investigated but not always determined. The most troublesome were ""annealing"" processes which sometimes altered the fission tracks so that they were not fully revealed, or acquired varying appearances, after etching. Several different annealing processes seemed to exist and seemed to be produced by alteration of the Lexan surface by dissolved components in the solutions and, perhaps, by radiation and local heating during neutron irradiation. The appearances of the etched tracks varied with the natures of the droplet solutions even when annealing appeared to be absent, and for this reason, standards are best prepared by additions of known amounts of U to sample solutions. Contamination of sample droplets by U-containing dust from the air is best avoided by preparing the disks away from areas where other U-analysis is being carried out.IntroductionFission tracks are regions of radiation dam age produced in solids by the fission of atoms such as 235U. They can be enlarged to sizes visible through optical microscopes by etching surfaces through which they pass with solvents in which the solids are slightly soluble. A sample to be analyzed for U may be placed against a film of a solid of negligible uranium concentration (the track detector) and irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor to fission 235U. The track detector is then etched and the number of tracks per unit area, ?, which is proportional to the uranium concentration of the sample, c, and the neutron do se, n, is found by counting through a microscope. Uranium in solutions ha s been measured by evaporating drops on track detectors, irradiating, etching and determining the number of tracks per drop, T(2,3,4,5). Extensive test s of this method are reported here."

Jan 1, 1983

By Charles S. Ney

"THE WRITER'S acquaintance with Kootenay King mine is limited to a brief geological excursion in the vicinity. This paper has been compiled largely from maps of J. Sullivan, mine geologist in 1952, kindly made available to the writer by Transcontinental Resources; a 1942 private report by W. L. Brown; and personal communications with J. Sullivan. Remarks on regional geology, and the comparison with Sullivan mine, are specifically the writer's.The Kootenay King mine is situated in the westernmost range of the southern Canadian Rockies at an elevation of 7,300 feet. From the Sullivan Mine at Kimberley, B. C., it lies 19 miles due east. Six miles of this distance are represented by the pronounced topographical and structural gap of the Rocky Mountain Trench. Mineral claims were locat-ed in the area prior to 1898. The deposit was first seriously explored in the late 1920s, and a small orebody was then outlined and developed. Mining and milling were undertaken in 1951.52. The orebody, amounting to about 14,000 tons, was mined out, and no significant new ore was revealed.The orebody is a replacement of dolomitic argillite by fine-grained galena, sphalerite, and pyrite. The sulphides are finely laminated in the direction of bedding, following out minor folds faithfully. The grade of ore estimated from diamond drill holes (W. L. Brown, 1942) was 11 ·I per cent zinc, 11 ·I per cent lead, and 3·8 ounces per ton of silver. The mineralized zone extends about 250 feet horizontally, 160 feet vertically, with a width of six to twenty feet.General GeologyThe country rocks are sediments of the Aldridge formation of late Precambrian age. For several thousand feet stratigraphically above and below the mine, the formation consists mainly of thinly laminated argillite and siltstone. Several horizons contain appreciable carbonate. About 2,800 feet stratigraphically below the mine, predominantly dolomitic beds mark the top of the underlying Fort Steele formation. The medium-bedded fine quartzites, which characterize about 10,000 feet of the Middle Aldridge in the Purcell range, have a restricted development amounting to only 2,000 feet in the Rocky Mountains. This member is about 2,200 feet above the mine horizon."

Jan 1, 1949

By J. D. Zhu

A numerical model for predicting microporosity formation in aluminum castings has been developed, which describes the redistribution of hydrogen between solid and liquid phases, the transport of hydrogen in liquid by diffusion and Darcy flow in the mushy zone, One of the key features of the model is that it uses a two-stage approach for porosity prediction, In the first stage, the volume fraction of porosity is calculated based on the reduced pressure, whereas, in the second stage, at fractions solid greater than the liquid encapsulation point, the fraction porosity is calculated based on the volume of liquid trapped within the continuous solid network, which is estimated using a correlation based on the Niyama parameter, The porosity model uses thermal data calculated using the commercial finite element package ABAQUSTM. The model has been applied to examine the evolution of porosity in a series of experimental samples cast using unmodified A356 in which the initial hydrogen content was varied from 0,048 to 0.137 [cc/100g], A comparison between the model predictions and the experimental measurements indicates good agreement in terms of the variation in porosity with distance from the chill and the variation resulting from initial hydrogen content.

Jan 1, 2005

By Frank Doxley

"FIRST OF ALL I should like to express to the members my sincere thanks for having had the privilege of serving them as President during the year now ending, to the Council for their guidance, and to the Secretary-Treasurer for his untiring efforts on both the Society's and my behalf during my year of office.During the .past five years the Canadian •Coal picture has changed considerably. In the West, production has been almost halved and many mines have been closed, due to the development and expansion of oil and natural gas industries, which, with some imported residual oil -on the Pacific coast -have provided competition which has been impossible to meet. The two major railway companies have embarked on an oil-burning and dieselization .programme and with this has .been lost one of the largest available markets for coal. Natural gas pipe-line installations still further threaten the remaining outlets for Western coal.In the East, retention of markets has also been a •problem, due to the intense competition provided by imported American •coal and the importation of residual oil.Because of cost it is impossible for central industrial Canada to be supplied with .coal from the Maritimes and markets are, therefore, restricted to fringe areas in Ontario and Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces.The dieselization programme of the Canadian National Rail ways has meant the loss of a large market for Nova Scotian coal and it is fair to assume that within a comparatively short time the market will be completely lost."

Jan 1, 1955

By Patrick Chabot

Ce document présente une méthode hybride de long trou favorisant une méthode de minage initiale par chambre-magasin et complétée par une méthode de minage long trou. Cette méthode a été adaptée suite à plusieurs facteurs tels qu?une géologie complexe, une rareté de mineur d?expérience et un haut taux de roulement de main d?oeuvre spécialisée. Cette méthode a permis d'excellents résultats par rapport à la dilution. De plus, la récupération de pilier à haute teneur par forage long trou sera expliquée. Cette méthode permet aussi de récupérer le minerai qui est resté accroché dans les chantiers chambre-magasins. Introduction : La mine Géant Dormant est une mine filonienne d?or située à environ 80km au nord de la ville d?Amos au Québec. Elle est en opération depuis 1988 et à la fin de 2007, elle a produit près de 885 000 onces d?or à partir d?environ 2 400 000 tonnes de minerai pour une teneur moyenne d?environ 11,5g /t Au. Cette mine est la propriété d?IAMGOLD Corporation depuis l?acquisition de Cambior par cette dernière au mois de novembre 2006. Elle emploie 151 employés permanents et environ 41 entrepreneurs.

Feb 1, 2008

By O. P. Garg

Based on improved methods of collection and analysis of geotechnical data, slope angles have been steepened in some mines of the Iron Ore Company of Canada at Schefferville, Quebec. This paper describes the slope design case history for Fleming NO.3 mine and illustrates the application of modern techniques. The new design has resulted in significant financial savings due to a reduction in required waste stripping.

Jan 1, 1978

By J. E. Dutrizac, J. B. Sunstrum

"Lead was among the first metals known to man, and there are indications that lead was produced by the reductive smelting of galena in the mountains surrounding the Black Sea as early as 3000 B. C .(1). The early metallurgists soon discovered that silver could be recovered from lead bullion by cupellation techniques, and that the litharge product of the cupellation process could be reduced to give silver-free lead metal. By the Graeco-Roman era, lead-silver ores were being extensively exploited for both their silver and lead contents. Although silver was always of prime concern, a number of industrial uses existed for lead that included piping and sheeting. Subsequently, lead metallurgical practice developed steadily in different parts of the world, and was a relatively mature technology by the time of the European colonization of North America. In the United States, lead was produced on a small scale as early as 1720, and by 1800, the extensive Pb-Zn deposits of Missouri-Kansas and the upper Mississippi Valley were being developed(2). Many of the early American lead ores were low in silver, and seemed to have been worked primarily for their lead contents. Major uses of lead at the time included bullets, pipe and sheeting. During the period 1860-1890, the silver-rich galena ores of the western United States were exploited, and a number of lead smelters were operated. Although all the smelters produced lead metal, the recuperation of the associated silver and gold values was generally of prime concern. In Canada, lead deposits are abundant, and galenarich outcrops frequently attracted the attention of the early explorers and prospectors. In fact, the first record of a Canadian ore deposit seems to have been the observation of an argentiferous galena vein near Lake Temiscamingue in 17 41(3). The presence of silver-bearing lead deposits naturally attracted the attention of the mining community, and many outcrops were worked throughout the country. Because of the problems associated with transporting lead concentrates to existing American or overseas smelters, attention soon shifted to the establishment of local lead smelting facilities. The purpose of this article is to examine those early smelting efforts and to try to identify the first ""successful"" Canadian lead smelter."

Jan 1, 1999

By C. W. MacLeod

LOCATION The Goudreau gold area in Ontario extends from a point a short distance south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway, at Lochalsh, in a south-westerly direction to the Magpie river. It crosses the Algoma Central & Hudson's Bay railway at Goudreau station, 177 miles north of Sault Ste. Marie. The area is roughly 25 miles in length by 6 miles in width. The potential gold formation is much more extensive but little prospecting has been done outside of the limits mentioned. The actual continuous area of Keewatin formation, in which gold has been found, is one of the largest in Ontario. ACCESSIBILITY Probably no mining area in a similar stage of development has had the excellent transportation facilities which Goudreau enjoys. This field is traversed in part by the main lines of the Canadian Pacific and Algoma Central railways. The Provincial Government has constructed 22 miles of road through the heart of the camp. Sixteen miles of this road is suitable for motor car traffic and several cars and trucks are in constant service.

Jan 1, 1926

By G. E. Wood

Steep Rock Resources Inc. owns a calcite quarry property at Tatlock, Ontario, and a calcite processing plant at Perth, Ontario. The Tatlock marble deposit forms part of an extensive series of carbonate rocks of the Grenville Geological Province in the Precambrian Shield of southeastern Ontario. The deposit is very unusual, if not unique, in the Grenville area in its combination of characteristics of large size, whiteness, high calcium content, low magnesium and silica contents, and scarcity of accessory minerals. A major expansion of the fine grind products capacity of the plant was undertaken in 1982 and came on stream in 1983. The expansion provides important operating benefits at the plant: greater flexibility as to the product mix and reduced dependence on the single grinding mill previously in place. The expanded facility consists of prima,y and secondary crushers, a rotary drye,~ a screenhouse producing a range of screen separator grade products, an airswept Raymond Mill, and a pebble mill with integrated air classifiers, product storage bins, bulk, semi-bulk, and bagged product shipping capabilities, road and rail access, and a substantial product warehouse. The expansion was designed to be compatible with a move into ultrafine calcite production, and is capable of supplying the anticipated sales growth within its market area during the next 5 years. Products are exceptionally white, with good chemistry, low abrasion, and consistent quality. Markets range, according to product particle size, from pre-cast concrete aggregate to fillers for coatings, plastic pipe, and compounds.

Jan 1, 1984

By D. Mills, W. J. Brantina

"Mechanical and magnetic characteristics of ferromagnetic materials were investigated by a pulsed ultra-sonic technique. Two instruments, the Ultrasonic Attenuation Comparator (Sperry) and the standard type Reflectoscope (Sperry) were used for measurements of the attenuation of the ultrasonic pulse. The effects of elastic tensile and compressive stresses on the attenuation of annealed and cold worked material are described. In addition, the effects of plastic de-formation, relaxation and aging processes and different ultrasonic test frequencies are reported. The results for Armco iron, SAE 1020 steel, SAE 4340 steel and AISI 420 stainless steel are shown. Under the test conditions, the attenuation was found to be largely a sum of two components; a ""dislocation"" component associated with the losses accompanying the oscillations of dislocation line segments and a ""ferromagnetic"" component associated with the microeddy currents generated by magnetic domain wall oscillations. Either of these components might be dominant depending on the nature of the particular specimen and the test conditions. Finally, the possibilities of using ultrasonics in residual stress determinations, in fatigue studies and in the study of the ductile-brittle transition in ferrous materials, are briefly discussed."

Jan 1, 1960

By Shintaro Takamiya, Kazunari Yoshida

"Recently, small sized micro-needles for medical are required more frequently by patients. The biggest reason is that it presents great burden on the patients, due to the size of the needle injection. People need to use a very small needle to lower the pain, but the downfall is that it makes them more expensive due to their complicated manufacturing method. Therefore, we need to fabricate a needle by wire-drawing to decrease its price. Tube-drawing is beneficial for its production value; however, in conventional tube-drawing it is difficult of control the wall thickness of the tube and makes it 1mmor lower in diameter. That is why, we propose fluid-mandrel drawing for new tube drawing. This method allows fabrication of a fine tube by using the pressure of the fluid in the tube. In this research, the goal is the fabrication of a fine tube by fluid-mandrel drawing and its evaluation. Finally, the fabrication of a fine tube by fluid-mandrel drawing was conducted and in result a tube with a diameter of 0.2mm, high strength and thin wall and fine inner surface was drawn, which can be used as a lesser pain micro-needle.INTRODUCTIONThe main manufacturing method of the current medical needles is roll forming. With this method, it is difficult to make a tube with a diameter lower than 1mm. Deep drawing has been proposed and used as method to further reduce the diameter, but this method is costly and the injection needle obtained by this method is several times more expensive.Therefore, we need to obtain a fine medical needle by drawing process that can be mass-produced and inexpensively manufactured. However, with the conventional drawing process, it is not possible to obtain a syringe needle with a reduced diameter easily, that is why, a fluid-mandrel drawing has been proposed which can reduce the diameter without damaging the inner surface. The methodology of the method is, a fluid is filled in the sealed tube and the pressure inside the tube during drawing is responsible for the good inner surface and wall thickness. It is also expected that the fluid can be easily discarded and that the tube can be manufactured on a long scale."

Jan 1, 2017

By Fatemeh Pourakbari, Mohammad Reza Yarahmadi, Abbas Sam

Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide gangue mineral in copper porphyry ores. In spite of addition of lime in large quantities to depress pyrite in flotation, considerable amount of this mineral is reported to concentrate, particularly in rougher and scavenger stages. With the Sarcheshmeh pit advancing to a greater depth and reaching to the hypogene zone, the amounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite in the feed are increased. Hence, a reduction in the copper grade and increase in the sulfur content of the concentrate are observed. In this study the effective factors on the pyrite floatability at the circuit flotation was considered at Sarcheshmeh Mine. Mineralization zones in the pit were firstly identified. Then, sampling points were located using GPS system. On the basis of mineralogical composition and morphology, the ore was categorized into five main classes. In this classification the amount of lead and zinc and also pyrite locking with other minerals were analyzed. The study of polished section indicated that inclusion in pyrite was very frequent in all classes, mostly composed of the floatability of pyrite. Flotation tests were performed on the samples of different classes at pH of 11.8 after conditioning time. It was shown that, pyrite floatability was decreased with a decrease in the lead content of the feed samples except for the second class, while for all classes an increase in zinc content contributed to a decrease in pyrite floatability and recovery. It was found that, the lowest pyrite recovery (1.89%) was corresponding to pyrite–molybdenite dominant mineralization with Zn of 0.33% and the highest recovery (86.89%) corresponding to pyrite vein dominant mineralization with Zn equals to 0.9%.

Jan 1, 2016

By P. Hansman

"Place Dome Canada's Detour Lake Mine is a low-grade gold producer located in northeastern Ontario. Production is targeted for 2850 tonnes of ore per day. As reserves and mining areas continued to be found below and far to the west of the shaft (Fig. 1), it became necessary to review and upgrade the materials handling facilities. This paper deals with the selection, design and construction of an underground crusher and conveyor system capable of handling up to 450 tonnes per hour from the lowest existing level in the mine.BackgroundThe Detour Lake mine site is accessed via secondary Highway 652 which runs northeast out of Cochrane, Ontario. The road consists of 200 Ian of hard top followed by 100 Ian of well maintained gravel to the mine site. A 1500 m airstrip is maintained at the mine site for emergency use. Prior to 1991, the workforce was flown to and from the mine site. Crews were now bused to the site from Timmins. Remnants of a winter road exist to the southeast which at one time ended in La Sarre, Quebec. This was the route used to haul bulk items during the construction period and early production years.A town site has not been established at the site for the current operations. Instead, a rotational scheme is being utilized whereby most personnel will work seven days on site followed by seven days off site. For some employees, however, the work week is termed as a four/three schedule where they work 42 hours between Monday at 10:00 a.m. and Thursday at 4:00 p.m. with the following three days off. All surface employees and maintenance employees underground work 12-hour shifts. All underground employees work a lOV2-hour shift. Supervisors work a similar schedule as their crews, however, other staff may overlap their rotation during the week.A five-compartment shaft was sunk in 1984 from surface to the 610 m elevation. Shaft stations were established at the 120 m, 260 m, 360 m, 460 m, and 560 m levels. The cage compartment consists of a single deck, 4O-man cage in balance with a counterweight. The cage hoist is an Ingersoll-Rand 10H and is regulated to travel at 4.1 m/s. Two 9 t skips operate in balance at a travel speed of 7.1 mls. The skip hoist is a 3.05 m drum Nordberg. Both hoists are automated to function without a hoistman during normal skipping and cage service runs."

Jan 1, 1995

By R. A. Lunceford, K. C. Shaver

Acquired by Teck Corporation in 1990, the White Earth project, located in southwestern Colorado is the largest titanium resource in the U.S. Teck Corporation has conducted geologic, reserve, mineral processing, pre-marketing, and environmental baseline studies directed toward the economic feasibility of producing titanium pigment. The White Earth project is situated in a 31 km2 alkalic-carbonatite complex intruded into Precambrian granite and metamorphic rocks about 570 million years ago. Perovskite occurs in a 8 km by 1.2 km Acquired by Teck Corporation in 1990, the White Earth project, located in southwestern Colorado is the largest titanium resource in the U.S. Teck Corporation has conducted geologic, reserve, mineral processing, pre-marketing, and environmental baseline studies directed toward the economic feasibility of producing titanium pigment. The White Earth project is situated in a 31 km2 alkalic-carbonatite complex intruded into Precambrian granite and metamorphic rocks about 570 million years ago. Perovskite occurs in a 8 km by 1.2 km

Jan 1, 1998

By Par G. Jönsson, Joachim von Scheele, D. S. Sarma, Mukul Goyal

Dust from flue gas cleaning systems at iron and steel production is frequently considered as a waste problem, but it is actually a potential raw material source. By using a technology like the oxyfuel based OXYFINES technique, it can be melted into a suitable form. The product from this processing, however, needs to meet the requirements of a recyclable raw material, here particularly a top-charged blast furnace feed. The present work has been focused on characterization of the product produced from these dusts by OXYFINES technology. The investigation has been carried out on samples of processed dusts from a European integrated steel mill. It was done by means of chemical analysis, density measurement, light optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and micro indention hardness measurement. Special attention was paid to the presence of zinc, an element that might be harmful while recycling the material (e.g., in a blast furnace). The results show that the product contains four different regions with different morphologies and properties in the material, which are discussed in detail. The overall conclusion is that by processing the dusts in this way, a raw material suitable for recycling in a blast furnace can be obtained.

Jan 1, 2004

By D. G. Minnes

Many non-metallic minerals and structural materials are produced in Ontario to serve the needs of domestic manufacturers and export markets. In 1982 production was estimated to have a value of $765 million. Approximately 81 per cent of this was represented by structural materials, nearly 12.8 per cent by salt, and the remainder was other industrial minerals. Total mineral production in Ontario in 1982 was estimated at $3 .16 billion, down nearly $1.5 billion from 1980's high of $4.58 billion.

Jan 1, 1984