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By Cristina Muñoz Fernández, Sonia Balcázar

Los mecanismos operacionales de atención de quejas y reclamos a nivel de mina (MQR) son procesos formales que las empresas ponen a disposición para permitir a personas o grupos plantear inquietudes y buscar la remediación y reparación de los impactos reales o percibidos de sus actividades. Con el objetivo de impulsar el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de los MQR del sector minero en la región andina, entre agosto del 2021 y enero del 2022, la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) financió un estudio de análisis y comparación de los mecanismos operacionales de atención a reclamos en la minería en Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia y Perú, que sirve como base del presente trabajo técnico.

Sep 30, 2022

By GORDON H. FISHER

During the year 1945, the drilling pace in West Texas increased above that in the year 1944, and represented the highest number of well completions since 2941. The 1680 new wells drilled 8,287,958 ft. of hole for a per well average of 4933 ft. This depth is approximately 30o. ft. deeper than the average for the year 1944. Although the deepest well drilled in West Texas (Phillips Petroleum Company's Ada Price No. 1, in Pecos County) was completed during the year. 1944 to a depth of 15,279 ft. and tested the Ellen-burger horizon, the producing depth record for West Texas was set during the year 1945 with the completion of Amerada Petroleum Corporation's Jones No. I-A, in the Jones Ranch field, Gaines County, which now is producing at 11,422 ft. from the Devonian formation.

Jan 1, 1946

By Eduardo Reis de Oliveira

As ligas fundidas de Alumínio são uma excelente opção para substituir os materiais convencionais devido às suas excelentes propriedades mecânicas. Assim, o uso destas ligas nas indústrias aeroespacial e automobilística estão em uso crescente. As propriedades mecânicas finais das peças são muito dependentes da macro e microestrutura, que são resultantes do processo de solidificação. Portanto, o controle dos processos de solidificação de ligas permite maximizar as propriedades mecânicas de um componente mecânico. Os parâmetros de processo que podem interferir na estrutura final de uma liga são amplos. Tem-se como exemplo: composição da liga, taxa de resfriamento, modo de extração de calor, condições de fusão e tratamento do metal líquido e temperaturas envolvidas durante a fundição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar uma liga binária de Al-Mg usando a técnica solidificação unidirecional. As macroestruturas e microestruturas obtidas foram correlacionadas com parâmetros térmicos tais como: velocidade de deslocamento da isoterma liquidus (VL) e taxa de resfriamento (?). E os espaçamentos dendrítico secundários (?2) com a microdureza HV. A composição da liga analisada foi Al-Mg com 3% de Mg e com patamares de superaquecimento (?TV) variando em 20, 40 e 60ºC.

Oct 30, 2017

By F. M. Zafar Kaifi

Magnesite producing companies rely on high grade purity MgO. The mineralogy of magnesite has a significant impact on the manufacturing of magnesite bricks. The manufacturing process of bricks companies utilizes 90% magnesite from 85%~90% MgO. The main objective of the magnesite bricks was to utilizes the indigenous raw material available in bulk quantity. With better under-standing of chemistry of the mineral species and strict control of bricks manufacturing/processing conditions can be better produce efficiently, a low cost high quality bricks with minimum detrimental environmental impact.

Jan 1, 2014

By Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo

O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a viabilidade do emprego do resíduo sólido industrial proveniente da fabricação do papel na produção de blocos de resíduo-cimento. Foi utilizado o resíduo gerado pela Companhia Paduana de Papeis – COPAPA. Esta empresa, situada no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua e responsável por produzir 36.000 toneladas de papeis por ano, gera cerca de 13.320 ton/ano de resíduo, que hoje não tem um destino adequado. De acordo com esta demanda, surge à necessidade do estudo de incorporação do resíduo proveniente da indústria de papel. Foram confeccionados blocos com diferentes proporções de resíduo e cimento e realizados ensaios de resistência à compressão, absorção de água e durabilidade por ciclos de molhagem e secagem para cada um dos traços e diferentes tempos de cura. Com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se a viabilidade do uso do resíduo para produção dos blocos.

Oct 30, 2017

By Louis Moyd

In the preparation of illustrations to accompany reports of investigations concerning particle shapes of various natural and manufactured materials proposed for use as fine aggretates in concrete structures, it was found that stereoscopic views of such materials presented the information much more effectively than the usual two-dimensional photographs. With the whole-hearted cooperation of the Photographic Section, a technique was developed in the petrographic laboratory of the Concrete Research Division, U.S. Corps of Engineers, at Clinton, Miss., for simple and rapid preparation of paired stereoscopic photographs and micrographs. The method requires only equipment which is usually part of the general stock of any laboratory, and it is adaptable for all purposes in which three-dimensional views would be found superior to ordinary photographs.

Jan 1, 1949

By G. E. d’Aquin

Sources of sulfur have varied based on technology and societal needs. It has been mined in its elemental form for centuries. Twentieth century technology brought thermal mining (Frasch, 1894) to the forefront of sulfur extraction. Then, by the 1980s, petroleum processing generated almost 40 percent of the 50 Mt (55million st) of sulfur in all forms (SAF) produced in the world. Metals processing (the reclamation of effluent gas by various means as “sulfur in other forms,” or SOF) followed at 30 percent of all sulfur values produced and then Frasch at 22 percent. Petroleum and gas processing now generate most of the elemental sulfur produced in the world. Single Two Frasch mines remain, one each in Iraq and Poland. Conventional mining of small to insignificant volumes also survives in Russia, Latin America and Indonesia. The volume of “recovered” sulfur (the name commonly given by the industry to hydrocarbon-derived material) generated will increase faster than energy consumption as oil and gas with greater amounts of sulfur are used and environmental restrictions on the sulfur content of the fuel consumed become more stringent.

Jan 1, 2005

By John C. Edwards

To increase the capability to predict the effectiveness of a flame arrester in the cooling of hot combustion gases expelled through a flame arrester, the U.S. Bureau of Mines developed an equilibrium. model and one-and three-dimensional transient thermal models of a flame arrester, which were used to predict the temperature evolution within the arrester and the maximum temperature at the external surface of the arrester. The models account for convective and conductive heat transport within the arrester and radiative losses at the exit surface. The gas flow through the arrester is established from an empirically derived relationship between the gas velocity and the pressure gradient across the arrester. Lateral heat loss from the arrester to the enclosure wall is accounted for in the three-dimensional model. The model calculations for maximum outside surface temperature of the arrester showed an approximate agreement with measured values for vent-area-to-enclosure-volume ratios between 12 and 28 in2?ft-3.

Jan 1, 2010

By A. J. Farstad

Electromagnetic location tests were conducted by Westinghouse Georesearch Laboratory under the sponsorship of the U. S. Bureau of Mines at the Galena Mine in Northwest Idaho. The objectives of these tests were to evaluate the performance in deep hardrock mines of an electromagnetic location system previously developed for the U. S. Bureau of Mines for use in coal mines. Tests were performed using long wire transmitting antennas as well as horizontal and vertical transmitting loops at depths from 3000 feet to 4300 feet (995 metres to 1311 metres). Surface measurements were made of magnetic field strengths, field strength patterns, and background noise, These measurements were compared with theoretical predictions for a homogeneous ground conductivity consistent with this particular geologic region. The results of the Galena Mine tests show conclusively that light-weight portable electromagnetic transmitters can be effectively utilized to provide uplink communications and location information in deep hardrock mines. Typical metal mines such as Galena utilize deep vertical shafts for mine access and haulage and these shafts produce signal enhancement at the surface from underground electromagnetic transmitters by as much as 30 dB. The results also show that horizontal wire configuration can serve as an effective alternative to the magnetic dipole antenna as a rescue transmitting antennaa and can be used when the required area is not available for deployment of a loop antenna. In spite of the electromagnetic coupling effects observed in the vicinity of the shafts, the location accuracy obtained still provided useful information on the general location of the transmitting sources involved. The horizontal wire location accuracy was within 46 metres, while the vertical magnetic dipole and the horizontal magnetic dipole accuracies were within 152 metres and 110 metres respectively at a 915 metre depth.

Jan 1, 1973

By Amr M. Sallam

In recent years, with the increase of the number of high-rise buildings that are proposed and being built in Central Florida especially in Downtown Orlando, Augered Pressure Grouted Displacement (APGD) piles became a pronounced foundation option. The APGD pile is a bored displacement pile that does not result in drilling spoil. APGD piles are mostly suited for loose to medium granular soils and slightly silty/clayey sandy materials, such as those encountered in Central Florida. The case history presented in this paper involves the APGD piles recommended for a 35-story mixed-use condominium in Downtown Orlando. The subsoil condition was typical for the region; that is loose to medium fine sands underlain by thin layer of plastic sandy clays and plastic clays followed by mixed clayey sands and sandy clays with phosphates and traces of shells transitioned to the weathered limestone. Four APGD test piles were installed and were, statically, tested. Three of the tested piles failed to support the design load. Analysis of load test results showed that the bottom half of the test piles, below the plastic clay deposits, was not effective, which was attributed to structural deficiency resulted from possible pile necking due, in our opinion, to the increase of the porewater pressure within the plastic clays. Three additional test piles were constructed with modified reinforcement cage; that is to extend beyond the plastic clays with tighter stirrups. The additional test piles were, statnamically, tested and were able to sustain the design loads. The construction of the APGD piles through subsoil conditions similar to those of Downtown Orlando, where plastic clayey deposits are encountered, should account for the high porewater pressures that mostly will be developed within the plastic clay, hence, may cause pile necking. Extending the cage to penetrate through and pass the plastic clays reduced the necking potential and improved the test piles performance.

Jan 1, 2006

By Jie Zhou

Mining mobile equipment is becoming larger in order to lower operation cost and increase productivity; however, their performance characteristics are often limited by the tire capabilities. Although considerable progress has been made in the field of tire research, the lack of comprehensive knowledge on tire performance characteristics impedes the advancement of off-the-road tires. Longer haul roads, and a severe operating environment make tires more vulnerable than other components of a vehicle. Furthermore, due to a limited availability of large tires, mines are facing shortages. Thus mines and tire service companies are keen to improve tire performance, extend tire life and hence lower operating costs. This paper reviews the relevant tire performance research, analyzes tire interactions with the surrounding environment, tire maintenance practices and operational issues using a case study based on data collected during an ongoing project with Fountain Tire.

May 1, 2006

By Hugo Toledo, Karin Batallanos, Antonio Bravo, Rafael Carpio

Este documento técnico ha sido desarrollado a partir de una perspectiva empresarial orientada hacia la optimización de los recursos y activos con el objetivo de aumentar la rentabilidad del negocio. Para lograr este propósito, fue crucial la apertura y sinergia y entre las áreas de Mina, Planta y Mantenimiento, ya que su interacción conjunta desempeña un papel crucial en la consecución de nuestros objetivos.

Sep 29, 2023

By L. Garner McDonald

The U.S. Bureau of Mines, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, investigated the erosive-wear properties of seven commercial alloys with potential applications as valves for coal-conversion plants. A dry particle, jet-erosion apparatus was used to determine the wear of seven materials: 316 and 440-C stainless steels, K-68, K-701, and K-801 cemented tungsten carbides, HC-250 white cast iron, and Haynes 6B. The alumina abrasive entrained in the nitrogen gas jet had particle sizes of 27 or 50 µm, the abrasive velocities were 55 to 170 m/s, and the particle impingement angles were 15° to 90°. The maximum specific wear for ductile materials was found to occur at impingement angles of 15° to 30°, and the minimum specific wear occurred at 60° to 90°. For the brittle materials, maximum specific wear occurred at impingement angles of 50° to 85° and minimum specific wear was at the lowest angles. As the velocity and erosive particle size increased, the specific wear increased. The specific wear was related to the velocity by the power function WocAVn, where n was 1.8 to 3.9 for ductile materials and 1.8 to 3.6 for brittle materials.

Jan 1, 2010

By E. Snyders

Two alternative processes for the manufacturing of zircon products were investigated by the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa). These were the synthesis of doped-zircon pigments from plasma dissociated zircon, and an upgrading process to convert an inferior grade of zircon into a superior opacifier for ceramic applications. A solid-state reaction process was used to produce doped-zircon pigments. The influence on the colour intensity of the pigments on a ceramic tile were compared for milled and un-milled plasma dissociated zircon (PDZ) material, prior to calcination. Pr-yellow and V-blue zircon pigments produced from PDZ with different degrees of dissociation, were also evaluated. The second zircon beneficiation process entails the upgrading of an inferior grade of zircon to a superior opacifier for ceramic applications. A calcining process in the presence of mineralizers was used to produce the product in a conventional muffle furnace. A pre-milled inferior grade zircon concentrate, with a relatively high iron and alumina content generally not suitable for high quality ceramic applications, was used in this study. The influence of the upgrading process on the opacifying properties of the zircon material was compared to that of commercially available prime grade zircon opacifier products currently being produced in South Africa. The influence of a calcining step in the presence of mineralizers with regard to the milling characteristics of the treated zircon material was also evaluated.

Jan 1, 2005

By J. Lazareck

"XPotential Products Inc. has developed technologies to convert auto shredder residues and other forms of plastic waste into useful products such as posts suitable for retaining walls and parking curbs. The technology is competitive provided low-cost plastic waste is available, and could have applications throughout the world. The paper describes the technology used and illustrates the various processing steps. Development of the TechnologyPresently, state-of-the-art auto shredding yields approximately 75% ferrous and non-ferrous metals and approximately 25% by weight of auto shredder residue (ASR). Advances in metal shredding and non-ferrous metal separation technologies turned XPotential Products Inc.’s attention to ASR as a potential revenue source, or at least a means to markedly reduce the cost of disposal. This abundance of nuisance ASR was, in the company’s view, a potential resource as derelict autos and white goods were similarly perceived 40 years ago. As owners of General Scrap & Car Shredder Ltd. in western Canada, XPotential faced significant disposal costs for four shredders. This journey began over 10 years ago and took many twists and turns until a final course of action was chosen. The recovery of the metallic portion of vehicles and white goods has reached technological maturity and attempts to add value are now achievable only in very small increments."

Jan 1, 2004

By Rudy E. Barrientos Ontón

El presente texto describe los datos geopolíticos, reforma económica y poltíca nacional de competencia y regulación minera de uno de los principales líderes en la industria minera, Australia. Dicho país es similar al Perú -en tanto alberga recursos naturales como minerales e hidrocarburos, cuyos ingresos, producto de la extracción, son fuente para la realización de actividades conducentes al desarrollo sostenible.

Sep 1, 2014

By Joel Moskowitz

In 1990, the United States General Services Administration (GSA) issued a contract for design and construction of a new federal court building in New York City. Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers (MRCE) served as Project Geotechnical Engineers. The project site is in the historic government district at Foley Square. It is surrounded by the New York County Courthouse to the west, an existing federal prison building and federal courthouse across Pearl Street to the south and southwest, an office structure to the north, and a residential tower to the east. The interior of the site was crossed by streets which have now been demapped. As with many urban sites, this site was previously occupied by tenement buildings or industrial structures demolished near the turn of the century. Remains of old building foundations were exposed during construction excavation. In addition, buried fuel oil tanks servicing the adjacent courthouse were removed and the usual assortment of urban utilities had to be relocated for the new building foundations. Ground surface elevations vary from about 4.5 to 6 m above the local Mean High Water Datum Plane.

Jan 1, 1996

By Masanoub R. Fujioka

A brief discussion of the methodologies involved in dewatering practices, particularly as used in Hawaii in coralline formations. A description of early dewatering practices includes a number of case histories; later dewatering practices also are detailed with case histories. There were disasters and some successes. Grouting generally was not successful. Deep wells are technically feasible and generally the economical solution to deep basement construction.

Jan 1, 1986

OPENING SESSION Session Chairpersons: Dr. P.P. Jourdan & Dr. L.A. Cramer Transformation to Tackle the Challenges Facing the Ferro Alloy Industry in the Next Decade R.J. Linnell Electricity Supply in SA ? A 10-Year View T.S. Gcabashe IDC as the Catalyst for Growth in the South African Ferroalloys Industry J. Kriek Development in the Global Stainless Steel Industry V. Muñoz CLOSING SESSION Session Chairpersons: Mr. R.J. Linnell & Dr. O.F.R.A. Damm The Health of Vanadium T.E. Jones Steel Raw Materials - Nickel, Chrome, Stainless Steel Scrap and Manganese H.H. Pariser

Jan 1, 2004

By Fernanda Borba Simões

Na produção de biocombustíveis a partir de óleos vegetais produzidos via craqueamento térmico-catalítico, é realizada a desacidificação do produto final para sua viabilidade, podendo ser efetuada pela adsorção. Os adsorventes são diversificados e vão desde zeólitas até o uso de resíduos industriais. Este trabalho buscou testar a lama vermelha previamente ativada quimicamente e termicamente como adsorvente de ácidos graxos livres presentes no gasóleo leve produzido a partir do craqueamento do óleo de palma com índice de acidez inicial de 55,1257 mg de KOH/g. A lama vermelha foi utilizada em cinco condições: seca sem tratamento, ativada quimicamente (pré-tratada a 400°C/2h) por solução de HCl a 37%, de H2O2 a 4%, de HCl a 1,5 M e de KOH a 1,5 M. Na cinética de adsorção, a lama vermelha ativada por solução de HCl a 1,5 M mostrou-se mais eficiente que os demais adsorventes, pois reduziu o índice de acidez do biocombustível de 10,7574 mg de KOH/g para 9,1752 mg de KOH/g no tempo de 50 minutos. Quanto à eficiência dos adsorventes restantes, no que tange a desacidificação, apenas a lama vermelha seca e a ativada quimicamente por KOH a 1,5 M apresentaram remoção dos ácidos graxos livres perceptíveis.

Aug 16, 2017