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By Jena Moshen

Underground Bulk Systems (UBS) technology has gained widespread application in tunneling and underground mining owing to its safety, reliability, increased Velocity of Detonation (VOD) and excellent results. However, its application in perimeter blasting is still limited and researchers are looking at ways of harnessing this technology for perimeter control. This simplifies the charging process by using one cost efficient product for charging both the perimeter and grid holes. This paper presents a case study on the application of underground bulk emulsion explosives for perimeter control blasting in underground room and pillar platinum mines. In order to achieve the required coupling ratios in the perimeter holes, the emulsion is loaded into specially formulated smaller diameter polyethylene (poly) pipes. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated using information obtained during routine blast audits and data supplied by the mines on half cast factors, over break and under break as well as analysis of data from Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Scans over a period of four years. This method of perimeter control, has given the platinum miners in Zimbabwe a competitive edge in cost effective perimeter charging and blasting by simplifying the previously costly deployment of traditional barrels and other decoupled cartridges. The method has been adopted by all the platinum mines in Zimbabwe as it has proven to be a cost effective alternative of controlling the perimeter walls, along with other key benefits that relate to safety, productivity and effectiveness.

Jan 1, 2018

By L. Trivino

Blast-induced damage criterion based on the peak particle velocity has worked reasonably well for estimating building damage. However, the same criterion cannot be used to estimate damage to rock and mine structures such as shaft and tunnel walls. It does not take into account the nature of seismic radiation pattern in the near-field, which is very different than what is obtained at far-off distances. To investigate this phenomenon, a systematic study has been carried out involving single-hole blasts and normal production blasts, with explosive source ranging from nearly point source charges to standard borehole sizes (6-7 m long explosive column), with charge weight varying from 0.5 kg to 30 kg. In the near-field, it is shown that, both P-wave and S-wave take a dominant position compared to the mainly surface waves measured in the far-field. These are shown to depend strongly not only on the length of the explosive column but also the way it is initiated in the borehole (i.e. direct vs. reverse initiation in the borehole) with respect to the target location. The seismic radiation patterns were recorded by high-frequency triaxial accelerometer stations grouted in the rock mass. This study describes the nature of seismic radiation in the near-field from long and short charges, the role of initiation direction and their effect on frequency with respect to sensor locations or target area of interest, and their implication in prediction of blast-induced damage in the near field.

Jan 1, 2009

By Rob Domotor

This paper tells the story of using controlled surface and underground blasting methods to excavate hard rock in three areas on Australia’s largest road infrastructure project; the Airportlink Project in Brisbane; worth a total value of AUD $4.8 billion. The project used blasting methods including design, modelling, drilling and loading of the explosives that had never been used before in Australia, some of these were probably unique in the world.

Jan 1, 2012

While ring-blasting techniques offer substantial benefits, there are intrinsic problems that are exacerbated when large blocks of ore are mined in attempts to improve the production economics. These problems relate to both the convergence of holes around the ring drive and the charging of up-holes. The size and shape of the ore block concerned should be carefully considered so that good drilling, patterns can be achieved. The hole diameters chosen, both affect and are affected by the size of the ore block. The explosive selected depends on the hole diameter and together with the diameter, determines the nominal drilling pattern. Ring-drilling patterns are best derived through the use of computer software together with engineering judgement. The loading of explosive is necessarily high, and charging patterns require careful thought if overcharging is to he minimised and adequate energy is to be available at all parts of the ore block. Initiation systems are critical to the blasting results, but sub-optimal systems must be adopted if collar priming is practised. In view of all these factors, idealised guidelines can be given for ring design, but it should be recognised that developments in technology may in time change some of these parameters.

Jan 1, 2000

To meet the energy requirements, hydroelectric projects are planned and executed in many countries. Though these projects requires a high capital investment, the returns are regular with minimum maintenance after commissioning of the project and are ecofriendly. Bhutan is situated in the eastern Himalayas and covers an area of 38,394km2 (14824.01sq. miles. It is bordered by India in East, South and West and by Tibet in the North. The hydropower potential of the country is estimated at 30,000MW, out of which around 5% has been harnessed.

Jan 1, 2016