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By Bruce F. Grant

"INTRODUCTION The future of oil production in the part of the Appalachian region included in southwestern Pennsylvania; West Virginia, and southeastern Ohio is directly dependent on the maintenance of existing wells. This report presents an analytical study of the methods used in oil-well reconditioning in this area. The study is part of a research program designed to evaluate those means of stimulating oil production that can effectively and economically maintain present oil-production rates and make it possible to keep existing wells in operation. Well-reconditioning work was curtailed during the war; therefore, an abnormally large number of wells in the Appalachian Region is now in need of repair. Because the lubricant content of Appalachian crude: oils is high and the refined lubricating oils an; particularly suited to use in high speed, high-temperature engines, the demand for these crude oils during the war exceeds, the maximum rate of production obtainable under wartime operating conditions. Increases in operating, expenses, inability to meet war-time reconditioning costs, and inflexible price structures caused the abandonment of an alarming number of wells during the past 4 or 5 years.As a means of increasing regional oil-production rates, new drilling in the older fields for primary production generally is uneconomical because reservoir pressures in most of the fields have virtually been depleted and the production rates of newly drilled wells are small."

Feb 1, 1948

"INTRODUCTION These safety standards for anthracite mines have been prepared for use as a guide for Federal inspectors. They are a revision of ""Tentative Inspection Standards for Anthracite Mines,"" published as Bureau of Mines Information Circular 7282 issued in May 1944 and used as a guide in Federal inspections. No provision made in these safety standards should be construed or operate to nullify any existing State statutes; they are intended to supplement the State statutes in the interest of increased mine safety. Mines are inspected in accordance with the Federal Coal-Mine Inspection and Investigation Act of 1941, Public Law 49, 77th Congress, H. R. 2082. Any unusual hazard noted by an inspector and not covered by these standards will be discussed in the inspection report, and suitable remedial procedure will be recommended.ARTICLE I. - SURFACE STRUCTURESSection 1. Breaker and cleaning plant.Electric switches and controls in breakers and cleaning plants should be enclosed.Where coal is dumped at or near air-intake openings, reasonable provisions should be made to prevent the dust from entering the mine.Section 2. Lamp houseNaphtha or other flammable liquids in lamp houses should be kept in approved containers or other suitable dispensers.Flame safety lamps should be permissible and maintained in permissible condition.Flame safety lamps should be properly cleaned, examined, and assembled by a qualified lamp attendant or other competent person before each period of use. Lamp assembly should again be checked by the person using it immediately before he enters the mine.When not in service, methane indicators, flame safety lamps, and electric cap lamps should be in the custody of competent persons responsible for maintenance and testing."

Feb 1, 1948

By Robert C. Hickman

"INTRODUCTION The Cline mine has been worked intermittently for copper and gold since 1895. Scheelite has recently been detected with the aid of a ""Mineralite"" on the old waste dumps of the mine. Four diamond-drill holes were drilled by the Bureau of Mines from August 13 to September 25, 1946. Results of this drilling showed the vein to pinch at depth and to carry no mineralization of economic importance.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Branch, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigation work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Branch, Oliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests.The project was under the general supervision of Mitchell H. Kline, chief, Raleigh Division, Mining Branch.Acknowledgment is due Dr. Jasper L. Stuckey, State geologist, for logging the drill core and to J. B. Zadra and associates, Metallurgical Branch, College Park, Md., for analytical determinations."

Feb 1, 1948

By J. H. East, D. Harrington

"INTRODUCTION Shaft mines, coal and noncoal alike, have a common hoisting problem that remains largely unsolved - how to obtain a mechanical device that will suspend a cage or skip in a mine shaft if the hoisting rope should break or become detached from the cage or skip and that will function effectively under all conditions of service. Safety catches, or safety dogs, as they are commonly named, are installed on nearly all mine cages and many skips operating in American mines, but often, if the hoisting rope breaks, the cage or skip falls to the bottom of the shaft in spite of safety devices, causing much property damage and often fatalities.Available information relative to safety catches for mine cages and skips, desirable characteristics of safety catches and methods of testing safety catches to determine whether they are functioning correctly has been assembled in this publication for the convenience of those responsible for the safe operation of mine cages end skips and, more particularly, to focus attention on the need for a device that actually will stop and suspend a falling cage or skip under all conditions of use and do it without killing or maiming the occupants."

Feb 1, 1948

By H. H. Schrenk, L. B. Berger

"INTRODUCTION The Bureau of Mines frequently receives requests for information and advice regarding the equipment necessary for establishing laboratories for the analysis of mine atmospheres. Such requests are made by mining companies, State mining departments, and other agencies concerned with the safety of mining operations. In many instances it is desired to install a complete laboratory, which will necessitate purchase of suitable gas-analysis apparatus and all the minor but important accessory equipment needed to carry on this type of work. Although publications that describe methods and techniques applicable to the analysis of mine atmospheres are available, it is not within the scope of such publications to give detailed information on laboratory equipment or design. Persons unfamiliar with laboratory practices and gas-analysis procedures may find it difficult to decide upon the proper equipment for their particular needs and to itemize the various accessories that must be obtained to set up a complete laboratory.The purpose of this circular is to discuss the different types of equipment that may be used in the analysis of mine atmospheres, with particular regard to the application and limitations of each type. Information on the various accessory equipment needed in a laboratory for the analysis of mine atmospheres is given also, and suggestions on laboratory design are included. As much of the necessary equipment may be obtained from laboratory supply houses, the information should aid in arriving at estimates of the cost of proposed laboratories.The procedures involved in the analysis of mine atmospheres are not described; such information is contained in publications referred to in this circular."

Feb 1, 1948

By W. K. Cunningham, Edwin A. Gee

"INTRODUCTION This paper is one of many reporting on various aspects of the Bureau of Mines program during World War II directed toward alleviation of shortages in certain critical minerals some of these papers are published as technical papers information circulars, and reports of investigations, of the Bureau of Mines or in technical journals.The investigation described in this report was begun as part of the Bureau, of Mines program to develop acid processes for the extraction of alumina from low-grade bauxites and clays. A domestic shortage of high-grade bauxite suitable for treatment by the Bayer process became acute as a result of World War II; and intensive search for a practical acid process using lower-grade alumina-bearing raw materials was therefore warranted.A survey of the various methods for extraction of alumina from clay has been presented in an early Bureau of Mines publication. 4/ The principal barrier to the successful operation of an acid process has been the difficulty experienced in developing a suitable commercial method for purifying the crude aluminum salts after the clay extraction is complete. Iron salts are the foremost contamination influence. A review of the more prominent procedures that have been proposed for separating iron and aluminum salts can be found in the well-known text on aluminum by Edwards, Frary, and Jeffries. 5/The majority of acid processes to extract alumina from clay employ sulfuric acid as the leaching agent, and the purification is thus reduced to the separation of iron and aluminum, sulfates."

Feb 1, 1948

By Allen D. Look, J. Howard Bird

"INTRODUCTION The Phelps-Dodge Corp. New Cornelia Branch open-pit copper mine operated without a fatality in the drilling and blasting department from December 13, 1937, to April 1, 1947, and continuing.Between the dates named the explosives crews had a total of 746,520 man-hours of exposure and handled 12,000 tons of explosives, over 770,000 detonators, 2,300,000 feet of fuse, and 7,700,000 feet of Primacord in loading holes to break 116,780,000 tons of material.It is the purpose of this paper to record the procautions taken to insure safe handling of explosives at this operation where safety is definitely a matter of forethought rather than chance.GENERAL INFORMATIONThe New Cornelia Branch open-pit mine operates on a large, low-grade, disseminated-copper deposit about one-half mile south of Ajo, Ariz. The pit is approximately oval; the ore body being some 4,800 feet long and 2,750 feet wide. Ore is mined with electric shovels loading into railroad cars. All benches in- the pit are 40 feet in height except two, which are 60 feet high.The New Cornelia ore body differs from most porphyry-copper deposits in being hard and siliceous. In common with the other low-grade porphyry-copper deposits, continued operation is possible only with economical handling of large tonnages. This has necessitated a great deal of study in the evolution of a safe and efficient method of handling the large quantities of explosives needed in breaking this hard-rock material."

Feb 1, 1948

By G. W. Groove, E. E. Quenon

"INTRODUCTION Uncontrolled mine fires originating in exposed coal beds through the acts of careless or irresponsible persons present a serious threat to buildings, surface property, and the life and health of persons near the affected area. Apparently, the seriousness of such fires is not fully understood by property owners or those residing in the vicinity, as practically nothing has been done to alleviate conditions. In many instances, such fires have been active for several years before property owners or civic organizations have shown any interest toward having the fire extinguished. Recommendations by Bureau of Mines investigators in the interest of controlling such fires are seldom followed, as the Bureau cannot provide the funds for doing the work.Several uncontrolled and widespread fires are burning along the outcrop of coal beds and in underground abandoned mine workings within a 25-mile radius of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa. If these fires are permitted to continue to burn unabated, the ultimate results may be far-reaching. Most of the outcrop fires investigated are believed to have originated from burning rubbish, forest fires, or workmen, hunters, or others building fires near the outcrop of ,the coal beds. In other instances, smoke and fumes have suddenly appeared in the vicinity of abandoned coal-mine openings, indicating that a fire has either burned its way along the outcrop of the coal bed or has traveled through the abandoned mine from another location. An underground or outcrop coal-mine fire will be very likely to continue to burn as long as an oxygen supply is present.; and, so far as is known, such fires do not stop burning automatically until virtually all combustible matter is consumed."

Feb 1, 1948

By W. G. Sandell, G. M. Potter

"As a part of the wartime activities of the Bureau of Mines, metallurgical services were extended to other Government agencies engaged in purchasing and stock-piling some of the more critical and strategic materirals. At the request of George A. Easley, representative of the MetalsReserve Company, beneficiation studies were made on a sample of complex tin-tungsten ore from the Urania mine in Bolivia, South America.The low-grade Urania ore (1.9 percent Sn and 1.55 percent W03) contained a very complex of cassiterite and scheelite with iron sulfidesand quartz. The problem involved in concentrating this ore was the removal of sulfides and silica by stage flotation and gravity concentration for the production of a marketable tin-tungsten concentrate. The sulfides and primary quartzite were readily rejected, but the secondary quartz was intimately associated with cassiterite, and ultimate recovery depended on treatment of minus 560-mesh (theoretical) sizes.The ore was amenable to concentration by ore dressing. Seventy percent of the tin and 83 percent of the tungsten were recovered in a product that assayed approximately 20 percent Sn and 20 percent W03 and that met grade ""F"" specifications of the Metals Reserve Company for mixed tin-tungston concentrates."

Feb 1, 1948

By G. M. Kintz, Charles B. Carpenter, G. W. Jones

"INTRODUCTION At 9:12 a. m. on April 16, 1947, the ammonium nitrate cargo in hold 4 of the S. S. Grandcamp, a 7,176 gross-ton Liberty ship owned by the French Government, detonated at pier 0 of the Texas City Terminal Railway Co., Texas City, Galveston County, Tex.This detonation was the first of a series of explosions and fires that took the lives of approximately 600 persons, injured 3,000 other persons, and caused a property damage and business loss that will exceed $58,800,000. It has been estimated that the life, accident, and workmen's compensation insurance loss will be $8,200,000.At 1:10 a. m. on April 17, 1947, the ammonium nitrate cargo in hold 5 of the S.S. High Flyer, a 6,214-gross-ton Liberty ship owned and operated by the Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc., detonated at pier L. This explosion materially increased the property damage caused by the first explosion, in between 50 and 100 persons, and is believed to have taken the life of only one person.The exact number of casualties resulting from the Texas City disaster may never be known. On June 22, 1947, 65 days after the explosions, the red Cross and the Texas Department of Public safety repoted:,""Identified dead, 405; unidentified dead, 63; believed missing, 100; injured, 3,000; hospital¬ized, 600; still in hospitals, 37."""

Feb 1, 1948

By Thomas Fraser

"INTRODUCTION The Santa River Valley of northern Peru contains extensive deposits of a good-grade anthracite that offer one of the most accessible sources of solid-fuel supply for South America. This region is served by the narrow-gage railroad of the Corporation Peruana del Santa, which taps the coal fields along the Chuquicara River and terminates at the port of Chimbote, where facilities have been provided for loading coal into ocean-going vessels.This Government-sponsored corporation is prosecuting a vigorous program of development in this region, envisaging an intensively industrialized area around Chimbot Bay, fueled and powered by the anthracite of the upper valley and a hydroelectric generating plant now being constructed in the Cahn del Fate, where the Santa River has cut through the coastal range of the Andes.This development also includes the construction of extensive irrigation works to greatly expand agricultural production in the valley and thus estab¬lish the basis for a prosperous, well-balanced, industrial and agricultural community. It is hardly necessary to point out the importance of the local anthracite-mining industry to this general plan.At the invitation of the Peruvian Government, through the agency of David Dasso, chairman of Corpoacion Peruana del Santa, a technical mission was sent to Peru in March, April, and May 1945 to examine these coals and assist the corporation in promoting preparation of the coal for most effective use in the contemplated expansion of industry and trade."

Feb 1, 1948

By S. W. Zoldok

"ERRATUMFor paragraph 1, page 1, read the following:The Cle Elum nickeliferous iron deposits occur on an unconformable contact between the serpentine and overlying Swauk sandstone formation and extend about 2 miles along the Cle Elum River in Kittitas County, Wash.The linear extent of the deposits and their proximity to a large source of,electric power and coal supply indicated that a development program was in order to determine the probable grade, extent of the ore bodies, and a suitable metallurgical process for recovering the iron, nickel, and chromium from the ore.The northern portion of the serpentine formation was investigated by the Bureau of Mines from August to December 1943 and from August to October 1944. The investigation consisted of road building, diamond drilling, sampling, and metallurgical tests.The Geological Survey assisted with logging of cores and made geologic and topographic maps."

Feb 1, 1948

By Robert C. Hickman

"INTRODUCTION Two holes were drilled on the G. S. Stiner zinc prospect, in the Lead Mine Bend area of Union County, Tenn. The holes were drilled in the vicinity of an area of gossan float and were bottomed in the Maynardville formation of the Nolichucky shale. Drilling was started January 24 and completed February 16, 1947. The total footage drilled was 421.2 feet.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Branch, Lowell B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigative Work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Branch, Cliver C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests.The project was under the general supervision of Mitchell H. Kline, chief, Raleigh Division, Mining Branch, Raleigh, N. C.LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITYThe prospect is located approximately 20.5 miles southwest of Tazewell, Tenn. It is reached from Tazewell by driving 13.8 miles southwest on State route 33, thence 6.8 miles over graveled roads in a northwesterly direction to Stiner's general store. The drill holes are located in the bottom land northeast of the store (fig. 1 and 2)."

Feb 1, 1948

By M. J. Mechling, H. J. Sloman

"INTRODUCTION The practicability of providing safer methods of underground transportation for mine workmen and officials has been given much thought in recent years by advocates of safety, health, and efficiency. Numerous fatalities and disabling injuries have resulted from falls of roof, personal contact with both electrical conductors and timbers, and improper position or conduct of passengers while they were in man-trips. Unfavorable atmospheric exposure due to high-velocity air currents and sudden changes in temperature may adversely affect the health of mine workmen if they are transported in unprotected Cars.Recent installations of protected, man-trip cars, wherein such cars have been utilized to haul men to and from their stations in the mine, have resulted in a large reduction in exposure to haulage hazards. Where special-built cars have been used the probability of injuries to men during transportation in man-trips has been decreased, and the morale of the employees has been improved. A number of man-trip cars are in service in the coal-mining regions; those described in this circular are typical examples of a few installations."

Feb 1, 1948

By J. A. McAllister, H. G. Iverson, K. C. Dean

"INTRODUCTION During the course of the investigation of the occurrence of manganese deposits in the western United States, laboratory studies of concentration were conducted at the Salt Lake City station on a sample of ore from the Lake Valley mines of the Newalpitt Fluorspar Corp. of Deming, N. Mex. The ore was reported to be representative of the type that would be mined for mill feed. The sample tested was found to be amenable to beneficiation by ore-dressing methods for the production of products that, when sintered, assayed over 44 percent Mn.At the beginning of the investigation of manganese-ore beneficiation in December 1940, the only product marketable to Metals Reserve Company was ferrograde manganese grade B, the requirements for which follow: Mn, min., 48 percent; Fe, max., 7 percent; Si02, max., 10 percent; P, max., 0.18 percent; Al203, max., 6 percent; Zn, max., 1 percent, Al2O3,Later the specifications were modified gradually. As of May 15, 1943, manganese products were acceptable if they contained over 35 percent manganese and less than 3 percent zinc and 1 percent phosphorus. Prices were based upon material containing 48 percent manganese, 6.0 percent iron, and 11 percent silica plus alumina. Premiums were paid for manganese content in excess of 48 percent and iron content below 6 percent, penalties being imposed upon products containing less than 43 percent -manganese, or more than 6 percent iron, or more than 11 percent silica plus alumina. The specifications for commercial manganese further required that maximum particle size be 12 inches and that, 75 percent of the product be coarser than 20-mesh. Therefore, fine material such as table and flotation concentrates had to be nodulized or sintered. In addition, oarbcnate manganese ores were not acceptable unless calcined."

Feb 1, 1948

By Irving Hartmann, Bernard Lewis, John Nagy, H. P. Greenwald, H. C. Howarth

"ORIGIN OF INVESTIGATIONThe Federal Mine Safety Code for Bituminous Coal and Lignite Mines of the United States, July 24J 1946, contains the following provisions with regard to rock dusting: Article VI. - Section 2. Rock dusting.(a) All mines, except those mines or those locations in a mine which are too wet or too high in incombustible content to propagate an explosion, shall be rock-dusted to within 80 feet of the faces of rooms and entries; however, if the mine or any part of it is wet but becomes dry, the mine or portion of the mine so affected shall be rock-dusted as ·soon as it becomes dry. (b) In mines partially rock-dusted or in mines that are required to start rock dusting, haulageways and parallel entries connected thereto by open crosscuts shall be rock-dusted. Back entries shall be rock-dusted for at least 1,000 feet outby the junction with the first active entry. Inby this junction, the rooms, entries, and crosscuts shall be rock-dusted by generalized rock dusting as provided for in section 2(a).(c) Where rock dust is applied, it shall be distributed upon the top, floor, and sides of all open places and maintained in such quantity that the incombustible content of the mine dust will not be less than 65 percent. In trackless entries and air courses, protection in lieu of generalized rock dusting may be had by using bags filled with rock dust, if they are placed at regular intervals and staggered as described in Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 3411."

Feb 1, 1948

By Graham W. Marks, Clyde A. Bridger

"INTRODUCTION An electrolytic process for the preparation of metallic cobalt has been developed recently in the Bureau of Mines Experimental Station at Boulder City, Nev. Chemical analysis shows this cobalt to contain impurities in small percentages, chief of which is nickel. It is desirable to be able to determine these impurities spectrographically. This report is concerned with a procedure for the spectrochemical determination of nickel in cobalt.Previous spectrographic work on cobalt was done by Breckpot and Mevis,/ who used the method of homologous pairs of lines. However, it was felt that a more detailed investigation was needed, employing the method of internal standards.ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe are indebted to B. G. Knickerbockor and his staff at the Boulder City, Nev., station of the Federal Bureau of Mines for their cooperation, and particularly to Richard W. Lewis and Robert G. Sanderson, who prepared nickel-free electrolytic cobalt for us."

Feb 1, 1948

By L. O. Bacon, H. R. Joesting, J. H. Getz

"INTRODUCTION For a number of years manganiferous iron ore has been mined on a small scale at Boston Hill, in Grant County, N. Mex. Total production up to 1943 is estimated to be over 793,000 long tons, containing 8 to 35 percent manganese and 26 to 46 percent iron. 4/ During 1941 to 1943 production was estimated to be 206,000 long tons, containing about 13 percent manganese and 37 percent iron. During 1944 daily production was several hundred tons, mostly from a single open pit. Several moderately large deposits have been mined: and many smaller ones have been found.From February to April 1945 geophysical surveys were carried out on Boston Hill by the Division of Geophysical Exploration, in cooperation with District 5, Central Region, Bureau of Mines, to determine if hitherto undiscovered manganiferous iron deposits exist. Field work was interrupted for a total of about 1 month during this period by work on other projects in nearby areas. Previous to the geophysical surveys, a preliminary examination was made by H. R. Joesting to determine if geophysical methods could be utilized in exploring the area. 5/Field measurements were made by L. O. Bacon and J. H. Getz, project geo¬physicists of the Bureau of Mines, under the general supervision of H. R. Joesting. A grid survey of the area, to locate geophysical stations, was made by Paul Russell, Bureau of Mines engineer, who also collected specimens for laboratory tests. Most of the computations and the preliminary magnetic and resistivity maps were made by L. 0. Bacon."

Feb 1, 1948

By H. Kenworthy

"INTRODUCTION ..Although the occurrence of iron ore in Missouri was recognized by Marquette as early as 1673, the first known mining and smelting operation was conducted in 1815. This operation was near Arcadia, Iron County, the first of its kind west of the Mississippi-Ohio River system. Several small furnaces of short life were erected in Missouri in the ensuing 30 years. However, until the extensive deposits of Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob were opened between 1843 and 1850, the state remained a minor producer of iron. It was this district which was chiefly responsible for the prominent position Missouri held in the iron industry until the late 1880's. At this time the easily minable high-grade ores became exhausted and the discovery of the immense Lake Superior deposits depressed the raw-ore price to such an extent that any mines ceased to operate. 3/Small yearly production of iron ores continued in Missouri to the present. Owing to war demands for hard ore suitable for open-hearth steel, the M. A. Hanna Co., through its subsidiary, the Ozark Ore Co., reopened the Iron Mountain, deposits and installed new equipment in an old concentrator to handle the low-grade ores left from previous operations. At present, ore production is from open pits, but underground mining is contemplated in the future. About 2,000 tons a day of iron ore is treated by gravity concentration of material from the open pits in the immediate vicinity. The concentrate is shipped to the Birmingham, Ala., district and to Granite City, Ill., for smelting. The coarse tailing is sold for ballast and concrete aggregate. The iron requirements of the concentrate stipulated by the purchaser are not difficult to meet, but the phosphorus is frequently higher than desired. For 1946 the concentrates averaged 54.18 percent iron and 0.235 percent phosphorus with low sulfur. The Ozark Ore Co. concentrate, however, sometimes contains as much as 0.40 percent phosphorus. The phosphorus in ores from those portions of the deposits wherein the phosphorus occurs with siliceous gangue is readily rejected in the milling, but in much of the ore the phosphorus is associated with the iron and concentrated with the iron minerals. Selective mining is impossible owing to the spotty occurrence of the phosphorus mineral. Often within 5 feet the ore will change from low phosphorus to high phosphorus, and it would be expedient to find a method of rejecting enough phosphorus at the mill from the latter type of ore to meet the phosphorus specification."

Feb 1, 1948

By Robert K. Guthrie, James W. Amyx, D. B. Taliaferro

"INTRODUCTION Secondary recovery of oil by water-flooding is practiced more extensively in North Texas than in any other section of the State, and the progress and experience of the operations in that area are of continuing interest to all branches of the oil industry. The first Bureau of Mines report on water flooding in North Texas 7/ chronicled the activities from December 7, 193f', when the Railroad Commission of Texas granted The Texas Co. the first permit to inject water into an oil-bearing sand, through 1944. This second report has been prepared as a supplement to Report of Investigations 3906 to show the progress and expansion of water-flooding. The format of this report is almost identical with what of report of Investigations 3906, except for a few miner changes. For the sake of brevity, certain basic information contained on the first report has not been repealed, and the reader is urged to consider the two reports as corporation writings.The North Texas area, as encompassed by the two reports, corresponds Railroad Commission of Texas Districts 7P and 9. Oil-development operations in the two districts, since oil was discovered in 1904, have resulted in the recovery of approximately 1,400,000,000 barrels of oil from a proved area that has been estimated to exceed 413,000 acres. During October barrels of oil was produces by primary and secondary-recovery methods from 1,746 flowing wells and 25,211 pumping wells, a daily average 6.6 barrels per well. Of this total volume of oil recovered in October 1947, 47,965 barrels (0.87 percent) was recovered from leases on which water-flooding operations were in progresses."

Feb 1, 1948