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By John Hays Hammond

Discussion of the paper of John Hays Hammond, presented at the Chattanooga meeting, October, 1908, and published in Bi.-Monthly Bulletin., No. 24, November, 1908, pp. 1171 to 117S. PROF. HENRY Louis, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, En j. (communication to the Secretary'`) :-I welcome Mr. Hammond's paper as an. attempt to give definiteness to the best modern professional practice. Such a codification of our professional ethics is urgently needed, seeing how widely the views of mining engineers differ on some of the point-,. raised, for example, I have no hesitation it) performing a class of work, as to which Mr. Hammond seems to entertain some doubts, and, on the other hand, I strongly condemn a practice which he appears to recommend. I have not the least hesitation in making reports for vendors of mining properties, and am constantly doing so; . the best justification for this practice may be found in the fact that such reports have been repeatedly accepted by buyers as giving a correct representation of the facts of the case, which is all that should be demanded from any report. On the other hand, Mr. Hammond advocates that mitring engineers should take payment for their reports tin shares of a company to be floated upon the basis of such reports. I hold that this is ethically wrong, as even the most honest of men is liable to be unconsciously biased under these conditions. Indeed, I go much further, and maintain that a mining engineer who re¬ports or advises upon mining properties should never hold any-mining shares at all, or be himself interested in any mine,' and this has been my consistent practice for many years. A man who holds shares in a mine, and is called upon to report upon a neighboring property or a similar mine, can never be wholly unbiased, and even if lie could be, he would always lay himself open to the suspicion that he was giving a favorable report so as to-enhance the value of the property in which he himself is interested, or an unfavorable report so as to stifle competi-

Jun 1, 1909

By Robert Halupka

The industrial minerals sector represents a broad range of products involving a variety of technologies serving a diversity of markets and end uses. Unit values of products vary widely, reflecting the peculiarities of each product/market sector. Generalizations are therefore understandably difficult to make and borrowers may need to take extra time to "educate" lenders on the key aspects of their business and industry sub-sector. This paper will examine the factors and the thinking that lenders apply when considering financing proposals to companies in the industrial minerals sector. If you understand the lender's perspective and their concerns, then you can make better use of your own time and resources when arranging financing for your company or project.

Jan 1, 2001

By P. Somasundaran, D. W. Fuerstenau

This article presents the results of an analysis of grinding of 1:1 mixtures of 4x8-mesh quartz and limestone in laboratory ball and rod mills. From these experiments, the amount of energy consumed in grinding each component of the mixture was determined. In the ball mill, limestone consumes slightly more energy than quartz in the initial stages of grinding, but as the grinding proceeds quartz begins to consume a slightly greater fraction of the energy. The postulate that the fraction of energy consumed by any material in a ball mill is proportional to its volume fraction has been shown to be approximately true. On the other hand, in a rod mill energy consumption by quartz and limestone is equal only in the initial stages of grinding, with energy consumption by quartz greatly exceeding that by limestone as rod milling proceeds. Preferential energy consumption in tumbling mills has been discussed in a number of papers. For example, from an analysis of the kinetics of comminu- tion in ball mills, Arbiter and Bhrany' obtained rate equations based on the postulate that only coarse particles are ground, indicating that fine particles are protected from the action of the balls by coarser particles. In rod mills this protective action is much more pronounced than in ball mills. Recent studies on the rod milling of limestone-quartz mixtures have shown that this protective action causes the mineral with the lowest grindability (quartz in this instance) to consume the greater fraction of energy. 2 However, in the ball milling of mixtures it has been postulated that the consumption of energy by one of the constituents is determined by its volume fraction within the mill. 3 Possibly this hypothesis may be a simplification of the ball milling of mixtures since the protective action suggested by Arbiter and Bhrany may result in some preferential energy consumption by one of the constituents of a mixture. The objective of this study has been to determine preferential energy consumption in laboratory ball and rod mills by analyzing size distributions of each material in the products obtained from grinding 1:l mixtures of quartz and limestone. MATERIALS AND METHOD The procedure for carrying out the tests on wet grinding quartz-limestone mixtures has already been described.'r3 In the present investigation, 1:l mix-

Jan 1, 1963

Jan 1, 1991

By Paul-Dominique Oudenne

For many years, CMI NESA has gained considerable experience in the field of alternative thermal processing processes by which useful by products result in addition to the destruction of the raw wastes. The CMI NESA pyrolysis process has been extensively applied to a wide range of sewage, industrial sludge and residues. This paper describes in details the development works carried out at the pilot stage as well as the key parameters of the process. Some of the industrial realisations are briefly described, the most recent one being the erection of a sludge pyrolyser on predried sludge at 90% dryness of a capacity of 100 tons of dry matter per day for the Valenton plant of the SIAAP (city of Paris).

Jan 1, 2006

The individual or company director who ignores his or her obligations under the Resource Management Act 1991 and under the proposed hazardous substances legislation, ignores them at their peril. Two recent cases in Canada and the United Kingdom concerning environmental offences under similar legislation illustrate the risks well.

Jan 1, 1993

By J. V. G. Middleton

The paper gives a comprehensive review of the design considerations which determined the choice of the milling plant, a description of the plant and comment on the operating experience to date. Operating experience will include inter alia a description of the mill liners installed with subsequent changes due to wear patterns, the mill inlet sealing arrangement, steel ball addition, mill outlet sump design, cyclone feed pump liner wear patterns and comment on the efficiency of the linear screens for wood chip and tramp removal. Finally a view on future trends in South African milling practice with respect to type and size of plant.

Jan 1, 1989

By V. O. Struebing, K. A. Johnson, F. H. Ellinger, C. C. Land

The system Pu-Ce-(Pu,Ce)Co2 has been investigated by thermal, micrographic, and X-ray diffraction methods. The principal characteristics of this system were found to be: 1) a "eutectic" valley extending across the phase diagram from the 6 Pu/Pu3 Co eutectic at 408°C to the 7 Ce/Ce24Co11 eutectic at 42Z°C, the maximum temperature in the valley being 443°C; 2) three ternary inter mediate phases, each having an appreciable mutual solid solubility for plutonium and cerium; 3) eleven four-phase equilibria comprising one eutectic, four peritectics, and six Class II reactions; 4) a pseudobinary section between the ternary phase A and the y Ce solid solution, and another such section between the 6 Pu solid solution and the 77 phase (Pu3 CO) containing cerium in solid solution. ALLOYS of plutonium that are completely molten at temperatures in the vicinity of 500°C are of interest for use in the liquid state as fast reactor fuels. Since exploratory work1,2 on Pu-Ce-Co alloys had indicated that a "eutectic" valley extended across the ternary system between the Pu-co[6 Pu/n (Pu3co)] and the Ce-CO[? Ce/? (ce24co11)] binary eutectics, thus allowing alloys of any plutonium concentration to be selected within the temperature limitation, the present investigation was begun for the purpose of accurately defining the "eutectic" valley. However, when the existence of three ternary intermediate phases and the consequent complexity of the liquid-solid equilibria were discovered, the investigation was expanded to cover the complete system, except for the corner between the isomorphous series PuCo2-CeCo2 and pure cobalt. 1) EXPERIMENTAL The purities of the alloy components are given in Table I. Alloy buttons, each weighing about 5 g, were prepared by arc melting the accurately weighed components (±0.1 mg) under a purified He-Ar atmosphere. Weight loss as a result of melting was usually less than 1 part in 1000; therefore, the buttons were not chemically analyzed. One half of each button was re-melted by induction heating in vacuo in a magnesia crucible and furnace-cooled, so as to produce a somewhat coarser microstructure than that of the rapidly cooled arc-melted button. About 20 g of each alloy to be examined by thermal analysis were remelted in vacuo in a tantalum crucible of the inverted thermocouple well type. The thermal, X-ray diffraction, heat treating, and micrographic methods used in this investigation were essentially the same as have been described in earlier reports.3,4 Two etchants for these alloys were found to be satisfactory: A) 8 (parts by volume) orthophosphoric acid, 5 ethanol, and 5 glycol; B) 7 tetraphosphoric acid, 36 water, and 57 2-ethoxyethanol. Etchant A was used at 5 to 6 v for 15 to 20 sec, and etchant B was used at 10 v for 10 sec. 2) THE LIMITING BINARY SYSTEMS 2.1) Plutonium-Cerium. The phase relationships of this system have been investigated by Ellinger, Land, and Cramer,5 and by Selle and Etter.6 The over-all agreement of their phase diagrams is good, but there are some discrepancies in the positions of some phase

Jan 1, 1967

By P Scholtz

Sustainability is one of those fuzzy words like innovation: everybody has an idea what it means, but if one starts asking for concise definitions then it becomes clear that everybody puts their own nuance on the meaning of these words. It’s not because these are difficult words per se, but rather because our understanding of them is highly dependent on the environment we work, live and play in. To remove any ambiguity and aligned with the risks that are faced by the human population today, the definition for sustainability that will apply for this paper is: generating value in the short term without destroying value in the long term.CITATION:Scholtz, P, 2018. Sustainable post-closure development – is it achievable?, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2018, pp 58–59 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 25, 2018

By C. N. J. Wagner, E. N. Aqua

The bee alloys of the terminal solid solution of rhenium in niobium were investigated by X-ray diffraclion methods. The analysis of the broadening of the powder pattern peaks from the niobium-rich alloys, cold-worked by filing, showed evidence for faulting on (211) planes. The alloys with larger rhenium concentrations were brittle, and fractured when filed. The analysis of the shapes of the diffraction profiles from powders produced by hammering with steel plates) of these brittle alloys indicated that the broadening was due predominantly to platelets bounded by clibe planes. This result was consistent with the Laue patterns from single-cleazlage facets which showed evidence for clearage fracture on {100} planes. The influence of faulting on the mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys, i.e., how faulting affects the various dislocation configurations in fcc metals, is well-known.' The important question is whether or not faulting occurs in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals and alloys, and, furthermore, if faulting does occur, to what extent it affects the mechanical properties. Theoretical calculations indicate that the stacking-fault energy is rather high in most bcc metals.2 The results of sev-eral studies using transmission electron microscopy have indicated that faults are present in well-annealed and lightly deformed bcc metals and alloys, such as tungsten,3 vanadium,4 and Mo-Re alloys.5,6 These faults, as have been observed, may be stabilized by the presence of interstitial (C,N,O) atom segregation to the extended dislocations. In addition, there is considerable X-ray diffraction evidence for faulting in bee metals,7-8 using the same techniques that were successful for the study of faulting in fee metals and alloys.7 This X-ray diffraction method is currently the only technique applicable for the investigation of faulting in metals with high stacking fault energies, i.e., when severe amounts of deformation are required to produce sufficient amounts of faulting to be detectable by X-rays. The thinned films of heavily deformed metals will become opaque in the electron microscope due to the high dislocation densities present. In a previous investigation of faulting8 in bee metals of group Vb and VIb, the authors observed that niobium was ductile when filed at room temperature, and showed the highest density of faults on the (112) family of planes. A niobium-base alloy system was therefore chosen to study the effect of alloying on the occurrence of faults in a bcc alloy. There is a large range of terminal solid solubility of rhenium in the alloys of the bee refractory metals. All of the Group VIb-rhenium alloys, i.e., Cr-Re, Mo-Re, and W-Re, exhibit solid solution hardening without loss of ductility.9 In fact, the ductility reaches a maximum for alloys with compositions near to the limits of solubility. This enhanced ductility has been attributed to the lowering of the stacking-fault energy in the alloy; i.e., the increased amounts of twinning provide an additional mode of deformation, resulting in the observed high ductility.' Because of this demonstrated effect of rhenium in bee alloys, it was decided to study a series of alloys of Nb-Re. Using the same X-ray diffraction methods as described in the previous investigation,' one is able to identify the possible causes of broadening of the powder pattern peaks, e.q., particle size, microstrains, stacking faults, and/or twin faults. The separation of these various contributions to the measured peak shape is accomplished by the Warren-Averbach analysis.7 I) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A series of seven bee solid solution alloys containing from 2.5 to 21.5 at. pct Re (remainder niobium) were prepared at the General Electric Research Laboratory. Buttons, weighing 25 g, were alloyed from electron-beam-melted niobium chips and random rhenium sheet by arc melting in a water-cooled copper crucible, under an argon atmosphere. The buttons were inverted and completely remelted to promote homogenization. The nominal alloy compositions are listed in Table I. Samples of the cold-worked alloys were obtained by filing to produce a powder for the X-ray study. Alloys too brittle to be filed were hammered with steel plates. The resultant filings or brittle impactings were screened through 150-mesh classifiers and compacted to the required shape for the diffractometer holder. The X-ray diffraction peaks were automatically recorded by fixed time counting at uniform 28 intervals, or by continuous registration with a ratemeter. In all cases, the (110)-(220) and (200)-(400) pairs of peaks and the (211), (310), (222), and (321) reflections were measured on a GE-XRD5 diffractometer using CuKa radiation with nickel filter or MoKct radiation and a LiF monochromator in the diffracted beam. The first part of the data reduction, completed with the aid of a series of programmed computations,10 was the analytical resolution of the Kol component of the diffraction profile. Subsequent computations were then made with reference only to the resolved Kol peak shape. These included the measurement of the

Jan 1, 1967

By J. G. Russell

The valuation of known mineral re-serves entails the economic evaluation of the mining enterprise and the valuation of other assets employed, including mining and processing plant and intangible assets. A case study approach analyzes two reserve situations: ownership of reserves (phosphate rock), and leasing of reserve lands (kaolin). The appraisal of the physical property is outlined, along with the economic analysis of the operation. The discounted net cash flow approach is used to value the enterprise, leading to value of the reserves after correlation with other assets employed.

Jan 1, 1989

By M. E. Gershon

Software for coal blending has gained a lot of recent attention as micro-computer programs have come on the market. Some of this software is appropriate and some is not. This paper looks at the types of models being used and points out the strengths and weaknesses of each. Recommendations are then made concerning the level of detail required for these programs, relating this concern to the various ways in which coal companies are using these programs. A checklist of company requirements for these programs and available pro-gram-features provides an aid in matching the program to the company.

Jan 1, 1988

By W. D. Watson

"Early in mine development at Quintette Coal Limited major problems were encountered with the fleets of primary equipment which seriously hampered production. These major fleets (cable shovels, hydraulic shovels, hydraulic drills and electric trucks) have consequently been the focal point of maintenance efforts. Some were prototypes in the Canadian mining scene and brought with them new concerns to test their skills. The problems were studied and the category and areas which were having the greatest impact on the reliability of the equipment were determined. Once defined, priorities were established and a program was initiated which was designed to accomplish a resolution. Resulting from implementation of this systematic approach, over the past three and one-half years, the fleets are now giving good reliability and industry standard availabilities. Along with these significant achievements, cost per operating hour on some of the equipment fleets has decreased substantially and continue a downtrend through 1987. This paper identifies the problems and describes the resolutions. IntroductionIn the early years of the mine development, Quintette Coal Limited (QCL) experienced production shortfalls due to problems with the major excavator and haulage fleets. A large fleet of hydraulic excavators had been purchased, and QCL was among the first northern users of all hydraulic blasthole drills. They were also using some prototype equipment and encountered problems which were not common on other types of equipment or were unknown.Because of these unique problems and lack of experience from other mines to draw on, an analytical approach was taken to areas and associated causes of the delays affecting the availability and reliability of equipment. This was done by dividing the equipment downtime into seven classifications of delays, i.e. maintenance, electrical, hydraulic, mechanical, damage, service and preventative maintenance, and tires; and then each was expressed as a percentage of total downtime. Subsequently each of the delay classification was divided into categories e.g. electrical to six categories - wheel motors, main alternator, relays, cards, no propel, lighting and 24 V system. Then, the basis for further study had been established.From this preliminary analysis of historic records, it was possible to determine the areas which were causing the majority of the downtime. These areas were then analyzed to evaluate causes and to determine possible solutions to the problem s. This paper addresses the major fleets, their problems and eventual solutions. Plea se bear in mind that the over-all objectives were to increase physical availability and reliability."

Jan 1, 1988

By Thomas M. Barczak

The U.s. Bureau of Mines is conducting research to optimize the utilization and design of mine roof support systems. This report describes methods to evaluate resultant loading on longwall shields, defined as external resultant vertical and horizontal force acting on the canopy and base. Four models are considered: two rigid-body models, an elastic model, and a numerical model. The rigid-body models equate measured internal shield forces to unknown external resultant shield forces (loads) through rigid-body analysis of static equilibrium requirements. The elastic model develops a solution to shield mechanics by evaluation of the load-displacement relationship and stiffness characteristics of the support structure. The numerical model is a two-dimensional finite-element representation of a shield structure. Model determination of resultant shield loading is compared to controlled loading of a shield in the Bureau's mine roof simulator. Parameters investigated are shield height, canopy contact configuration, canopy and base horizontal constrainment, and boundary conditions imposed by vertical and horizontal shield displacements. It is concluded that rigid-body models are most applicable to in situ measurement of shield loading. Applications requirements and potential error sources are discussed.

Jan 1, 1990

By Joseph Cervik, Gerald L. Finfinger

This Bureau of Mines publication reviews underground methane drainage pro- grams being conducted in various coalbeds. Equipment used in drainage programs such as drills, underground pipelines, and methane monitoring systems is described.

Jan 1, 1980

Incidental to the progress of a geological survey of the Kalgoorlie goldfield during 1927-28 a number of specimens of telluride minerals were obtained, chiefly with the help of Mr. F. G. Brinsden, general manager of the South Kalgurli mine, and Mr. Ernest Williams, general manager of the Boulder Perseverance mine. This collection was supplemented by a number of small specimens, including the rare copper telluride, which were collected and preseryed from the Kalgurli mine by Mr. A. E. Paton, and also by a few miscellaneous specimens from the collection o{ Mr. S. F. C. Cook, of the Palace Hotel, Kalgoorlie.An extensive knowledge of the rare tellurium-bearing minerals was compiled during the last century from occurrences in Transylvania and Colorado. The recognition of different species has been based on chemical analyses and crystallographic measurements. In a few species there has been an absence of crystalline form, and these, together with the discoveries in this century of rickardite and "weissite" muthmannite and empressite, have depended chiefly on the chemical analysis for identification. On the other hand, the crystalline form of nagyagite and stiitzite has been described in detail, while their precise chemical formulae were doubtfully defined.

Jan 1, 1931

By J. S. Kirkaldy, D. H. Weichert, G. R. Purdy

Two-phase diffusion couples have been used to simulate the growth of proeutectoid ferrite in ternary Fe-C-Mn austenites. It has been shown, theoretically and expermentally, that the results fall into two classes: a high-super saturation class in which the major role of manganese additions is to influence the boundary conditions for carbon diffusion; and a low-supersaturation class in which the partition of manganese is required. In the latter case, a drastic inhibition of the reaction rate is to be expected. As an aid to the kinetic analysis, a portion of the iron-rich comer of the Fe-C-Mn constitution diagvam has been determined. The conclusions drawn from this work have a direct bearing on the kinetics of the grain boundary ferrite precipitation reaction and thus yield insight into the manner in which alloying elements can influence the rate of austenite-decomposition reactions. THE role of alloying elements in the austenite-decomposition reactions has provoked considerable interest, since it is apparent that an understanding of this phenomenon will yield insight into the harden-ability problem. In the present investigation, attention is focused upon the proeutectoid-ferrite transformation in the system Fe-C-Mn, and upon the manner in which manganese additions affect the growth rate of ferrite. When hypoeutectoid austenite is supersaturated, the ferrite first formed usually exhibits two distinct types of morphology. At low super saturations, grain boundary layers grow into the austenite grains with an approximately planar interface, and usually possess at least one incoherent phase boundary. At high supersaturations, Widmanstiitten plates appear, which bear an orientation relationship' to the parent austenite. In this case, there is a chance of partial lattice matching along the sides of the plates and an attendant semicoherent interface structure. Purdy and Kirkaldy2 have used a two-phase binary Fe-C diffusion couple to demonstrate that carbon volume diffusion controls the incoherent reaction, while Rouze and rube,' using thermionic-emission microscopy, have shown that the thickening of Widmanstatten ferrite plates is appreciably slower than expected for carbon-diffusion control. This suggests that the plates are bounded by partially coherent, low-mobility interfaces. The redistribution of alloying elements during transformation has been the object of studies by Aaronson4 and owmman,5 who have shown that no alloy partition occurs during ferrite precipitation in the systems Fe-C-Cr and Fe-C-Mo, respectively. More recently, Aaronson et al.6 have shown that some manganese partition occurs at low super-saturations in the system Fe-C-Mn, but that no partition occurs at higher super saturations. Pickle-simer et al.7 observed that no manganese partition occurred during the early stages of the pearlite transformation in a manganese steel, and concluded that volume diffusion of the alloying element is not the rate-deter mining factor. The diffusion coefficients pertinent to this investigation have been measured by Wells, Batz, and Mehl8 (carbon in austenite), R. P. smith9 (carbon in ferrite), Wells and Mehl 10 (manganese in austenite), and Kirkaldy and Purdy11 (diffusion of carbon on a manganese gradient in austenite). Kurdjumov 12 has shown that the diffusivity of substitutional elements in ternary austenites up-quenched from martensite may be greatly enhanced, due, apparently, to the presence of a persistent defect structure. The recent work of Krauss 19 showing high densities of tangled dislocations in reversed Fe-Ni martensite is in agreement with this conception. THEORETICAL Diffusion in ternary or higher-order systems may be described with the aid of Onsager's extenbion of Fick's first law,14 in which the flux of each of the n components is assumed to be a linear function of all concentration gradients:

Jan 1, 1964

By AIME AIME

THE Seventh International Petroleum Exposition and Congress to be held in Tulsa, Okla., Oct. 4 to 11, inclusive, in true western spirit promises to be bigger and better than ever. The Exposition has become an established institution. It gives opportunity to petroleum engineers, technologists, and operators to see each year at one place what the tool makers and machinery manufacturers have to offer which is new or better. It has truly become a place "where men, methods and machinery meet." It is also a convenient focus for technical meetings of various kinds devoted to petroleum and natural gas problems. 'The Petroleum Division of the A. I. M. E. has for several years held its chief fall meeting at Tulsa just preceding the opening of the Es- position. This year our meeting will be on Oct. 2 and 3 and it will be held as usual at Hotel Mayo. The Mid- Continent Oil and Gas Association will, as usual, hold a meeting during the Exposition and this year the Petroleum Division of the A. S. M. E. will hold a three- day session, Oct. 6-8, in the auditorium on the Esposition grounds. In all, six technical sessions are planned by this Society, and aside from reports of committees some 20 technical papers are to be presented. Members of the Institute should attend its own meeting and stay over for as many days as possible for the other meeting at which they will hear and see much of helpful interest.

Jan 1, 1930

By R. S. Archer

SILICON is one of the most important elements in the metallurgy of aluminum. It is always present in small amounts in the ordinary grades of "pure" aluminum, and hence in all alloys made therefrom. Within the last few years binary alloys containing up to 13. per cent, of silicon have come into extensive use for castings. Silicon is also added, beyond the amount present as an impurity, in alloys containing one or more other elements such as copper, manganese, magnesium and nickel. The binary aluminum-silicon alloys are not yet heat treated to any extent in commercial practice, although, as will be shown, their properties are affected to a very considerable degree by heat treatment. There are other aluminum alloys that develop higher strength, but the special characteristics of the silicon alloys may well lead to the application of heat-treating processes on a commercial scale. The role of silicon in the heat treatment of aluminum alloys is more important than would be indicated by consideration of the binary alloys alone, because many of the alloys that are heat treated in regular commercial practice contain some silicon in addition to that derived from the aluminum ingot as an impurity. Among these may be mentioned the heat-treated 195 alloy castings, and the wrought alloys 258, Special 178 and 51S of the Aluminum Co. of America, and the German wrought alloy, Lautal. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of experimental work and the conclusions derived therefrom regarding the heat treatment of the binary aluminum-silicon alloys. The products heat treated included forgings, chill castings and both "normal" and "modified" sand castings.

Jan 1, 1927

By José J. Suárez

Abstract: Globally, the mining industry is expected to face the following challenges through 2020: 1. Sustaining growth amidst fierce competition 2. Containing cost increases and managing through the cycle 3. Attracting and retaining talent 4. Managing environmental concerns and improving sustainability 5. Managing volatility risks in commodity markets Our experience and research reveals that the higher performing global miners are adopting many of the following strategies: (1) Adopt a Global, Agile Operating Model (2) Be the Developer of Choice (3) Drive Capital Efficiency (4) Be the Employer of Choice (5) Integrate the End-to-End Business Model (6) Move to the Virtual Mining Value Chain This paper/presentation will provide data obtained through research on five (5) challenges facing the mining industry, and on the six (6) strategies that high performing global miners are adopting.

May 1, 2013