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By Robert B. Parsons

"The tax reform process marches on. The December 16, 1987 measures tabled by Finance Minister Michael Wilson represent one more step toward the objective of total reform of Canada's income and sales taxes. While the income tax changes are taking shape, much work still needs to be done on the sales tax side of the coin.IntroductionOn December 16, 1987 Finance Minister Michael Wilson tabled measures to implement the changes to Canada's income tax system that were proposed in the June 18, 1987 White Paper on Tax Reform. The measures were set out in a Notice of Ways and Means Motion; draft legislation relating to preferred shares, research and development expenditures; and draft regulations regarding capital cost allowance, certified films, flow-through shares, and the resource sector. The reaction of the government to the recommendations made by the Finance and Economic Affairs Committee Report on Tax Reform (the Blenkarn Committee), the Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce and through consultations with interested groups and organizations, business, labour and individual Canadians is set out in a booklet of supplementary information.The basic features of the reformed income tax system set out in the White Paper remain. However, a number of significant changes have been incorporated in the Notice of Ways and Means Motion and other material. The following comments address those area s where changes have been made to the original White Paper proposals."

Jan 1, 1988

By G. S. Barry

INVESTIGATIONS to date have shown that, should there be the need or the appropriate economic stimulus, Canada's mineral resources are sufficiently extensive to allow considerable expansion of its non-fuel mineral industry, during the remaining part of this century and possibly beyond (1, 2). The availability of sufficient capital will be one of the critical factors which will determine whether this potential will be fulfilled. The following analysis centers on the capital requirements of the Canadian non-fuel mineral industry under one set of basic assumptions of capacity growth, cost of new and replacement capacity, rates of depletion and depreciation of mines and plant, and the cost of exploration and infrastructure. Mindful of the fact that exploration and development will not thrive in Canada unless a very positive approach is taken, the writers make no apologies for being "optimistic" about long-term production prospects. Furthermore, in the event that world demand does escalate as anticipated and the forecast realistically attainable levels of Canadian production are not reached, then Canada will not have reaped the full range of economic benefits available, and opportunities will have been lost. Projections for Canadian production between 1976 and 2000 are essentially based on the forecast published in the 1974 paper, "Towards a Mineral Policy for Canada - Opportunities for Choice (3), with some updating on the basis of recent developments.

Jan 1, 1977

By David Davidson

Overview- Points To Be Addressed ? Review the building blocks of a successful and vibrant industrial economy ? China?s current position in the global economy ? China?s voracious appetite for raw materials ? Distortion in import/export trends ? Areas of strategic importance for China - Steel and its components - Agriculture self sufficiency - Energy now and for the future ? Do current valuation techniques fairly value ?strategic? assets? China ? The Economical Miracle - Massive shift in population from rural to urban - ?Middle class? growing rapidly, hence strong consumer growth - China is the manufacturing center for the world ? cheap labour and - modern facilities - Infrastructure build out ?US$585b stimulus package and 5 year plan - Rail ? 30,000 kms of new track planned by 2020 - Power ? 50% capacity increase, including 35 nuclear reactors - 100 major new airports - State of the art process and manufacturing facilities - Port capacity ? 100m TEU capacity increase by 2020 Class 1 national highway ? 35,000 km?s by 2020

May 1, 2010

By Humphrey Dean

"Canadian mining companies now operate numerous Koepe-type friction hoists in a variety of different shafts, most of which have a depth in excess of 3,000 feet. Rope performance reliability is an absolutely essential ingredient of most installations and, for this to be provided, a more comprehensive understanding of rope reactions to applied stresses is required.It is the intent of this paper to illustrate for the operators the importance of the critical stresses encountered and to provide a maintenance program designed to circumvent potential difficulties."

Jan 1, 1970

"Horizontal grinding mills have been used in the mining industry for more than a century, and due to their operational and maintenance simplicity they remain a widely used technology for various stages of comminution. The relative ‘efficiency’ of horizontal grinding mills compared to other comminution equipment is often debated, and efforts to improve the energy efficiency of these mills is an on-going area of attention for process engineers.The discharge arrangement design affects the material transport characteristics within a horizontal grinding mill. Material transport plays a significant role on efficiency of horizontal grinding mills. The magnitude of benefits that can be achieved with efficient material transport in AG/SAG mills has been demonstrated in a Greenfield milling operation at Mirabela Mineração’s SantaRita Nickel operation in Brazil. This grinding circuit was commissioned in October 2009, which was designed as a typical SABC circuit to grind 4.6 mtpa (575tph) to produce a P80 of 125um with 10-12% ball charge in SAG mill. The nameplate design capacity has been achieved in few days in ABC circuit without grinding media in SAG mill, and has been operating in ABC mode. The through has gradually increased to an average of 800 tph and recently 7% ball charge has been introduced to increase the throughput to +900tph.This paper investigates improved material transport using Outotec’s TPL™ (Turbo Pulp Lifter) technology and the opportunities this technology presents when designing horizontal grinding mills. Operational data, with particular reference to energy and throughput optimization, is presented."

Jan 1, 2013

By S. Caron

From the early 70?s, ?Centre de Recherche Minérale? (CRM) has conducted and co-ordinated Research and Development activities for the mineralurgical and metallurgical industries. Since 1999, CRM has continued its mandate through COREM which is a consortium of 13 members that uses the benefits and advantages of collaborative pre-competitive industry / university research. In particular, COREM?s ?In-Situ Optimization Group? is involved in the implementation of modern optimization and control tools. The POP Project was launched in order to increase and consolidate the use of modern optimization and control tools and methods for mineralurgical and metallurgical processes. To ensure a successful transfer in the industry, there are a number of essential activities that have to be undertaken. These activities have been identified by COREM?s members and are grouped into three main modules: - R&D Module: Research and Development in universities, research centres and other partners; - Technology Transfer Module: integration of new tools and methods into the POP Software, industrial applications and technical support; - Training Module: education of new engineers in universities, continuing education of plant personnel through on-site workshops and resource networking by specific information exchange tools. This paper outlines the opportunities that led to the definition of the POP Project and describes its main modules. The main features of the POP Software are presented, the first application is described and finally, future developments are discussed.

May 1, 2001

By C. J. Cajka

Commodity agreements, trade liberalization, producer cartels, the New International Economic Order, price stabilization and access to supply are buzz words of the day. The international concern and dialogue on these concepts, often by a new breed of politically motivated experts, have generated intense interest in seeking an international solution to natural resource problems. While this momentum was maintained during the past year, the growing incidence of protectionist actions by several major nations has been eroding confidence in the global approach. The seriousness of current difficulties has created an urgent need for decisive action. At the same time, the limitations of the global approach have become more evident.

Jan 1, 1978

By G. Bridgstock, S. S. Forbes, E. M. Elkin

"OPERATIONS at Canadian Cop-per Refiners Limited, since the refinery was established in 1931, have been described in previous papers ( 1,2). Since then the refinery has treated the entire copper output of Noranda Mines Limited and Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting Company Limited. With the commencement of production in 1956 at Gaspe Copper Mines Limited, this copper has also been refined. From the start of operations to the end of 1958, the following had been refined: copper, silver, gold, selenium and tellurium.Construction of new buildings and additions to other buildings have been needed to handle increased receipts. The refining capacity has been increased from 112,000 tons of copper per year to a total of 236,000 tons per year.The refinery is located at Mont-real East, Quebec, close to railway and highway facilities. Incoming materials and shipments, with some small exceptions, are handled by rail. Some finished products are sl1ipped by industrial flatcar to the adjoining plants of Canada Wire & Cable Company Limited and Noranda Copper & Brass Limited."

Jan 1, 1960

By R. W. Diamond

PUBLIC debts, and the policies guiding public finance in Canada today, are in such a state that every intelligent citizen should be familiar with them, and should be concerned about them. None of you have robe reminded that taxes have already risen to a point where they both annoy and hurt you, but they should also alarm you; alarm you, not so much because of the taxation, but because of the mounting expenditures represented by that taxation. I have no hesitation, therefore, in presenting a paper dealing with public finance at a meeting of the Mining Institute, since all present are concerned,. both as individuals and as representatives of the industry. Moreover, it is important that engineers, particularly, should become better acquainted with the interlocking relationships of economics, public finance, government, and technology. While I am neither an economist, a tax expert, nor a chartered accountant, I shall try to tell you, from my viewpoint as an engineer and an interested voter, the story of public finance in Canada today and of certain causes and effects, and I shall venture certain conclusions. In doing so I may merit criticism by experts, but I will risk this in the hope that sufficient interest will be stimulated in the subject to persuade you, as individuals and as groups, to advance, or to institute, your own studies in public finance, and in turn to interest others. I hope that some of the ideas which will be expressed, or which may develop, will bear fruit. I fully realize that several eminently qualified men have spoken on this subject during recent months, and that many authoritative articles have been written. However, I approach it with confidence, because I propose speaking to you not as an authority, bur as one of you, having similar interests and similar engineering knowledge, who only a few months ago became particularly interested in the subject, studied it, and who now sets before you a summary of his findings, with the conviction that the situation is so serious that constructive planning and constructive action by all thinking citizens are imperative.

Jan 1, 1939

By John F. Gartner

"Traditionally, the geologists of Canada have been occupied with the tasks of finding new mineral bodies, locating gas and oil fields or hunting for economic deposits of industrial minerals. A very minor percentage of graduate geologists have applied their skills to solution of the ""urban blight"" or employing their understanding of ""Nature"" for the optimum use of land by mankind. However, things are changing quickly. The role of the geologist in the planning process is being established. It is an exciting time! Geologists are now being consulted on a wide range of urban planning problems. These vary, tor example, from assessment of the geological environment for the new communities of Erin Mills and Meadowvale, which will have total populations in excess of 100,000 people (truly a satellite city), to a complete geological/ geohydrological assessment of the new sanitary landfill for the city of Guelph.Use of geologic techniques and methods for urban studies must be enhanced with certain skills not taught, in the past, to the geologist. These include airphoto interpretation, soil mechanics, geohydrology, municipal engineering and highway engineering to mention a few. The geologist has the unique training to assess the natural environment and to discover, warn and explain the implications of man's attempt to command his environment."

Jan 1, 1972

By Trevor R. Ellis

"The valuation of mineral properties in the U.S. is only partially regulated. The regulations which have jurisdiction or impact appear to have such mainly as a consequence of unintended fallout, since the regulations were designed for other purposes. Court case history can also be important. The combined results are a mixture of bad and good, with important lessons to be learned.Since 1981, the Securities and Exchange Commission has prohibited U.S. listed companies from reporting quantitative estimates of mineralization and the value of mineralization, other than proven and probable reserves. This results in the minerals appraiser (valuator) working with a shortage of data in his everyday work, both on the subject property and in sales analysis.Between 1989 and 1995, all 50 states and essentially all Federal agencies adopted the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) for real property appraisals (valuations). The major national appraisal societies also require their members to abide by USPAP. A significant portion of minerals appraisals must now follow these standards. This paper will discuss the content of USPAP. It provides a very good framework for the valuation of a minerals property or a mine, both as real property and as a business. However, the credentialing standards for real property appraisers are now prohibitive for minerals appraisers."

Jan 1, 2003

By Harry Perry

By 1980, the free world's need for economic sources of energy is expected to double. As a result, there will be a tremendous potential for all energy sources working together to supply the demand. For coal to continue its dominant role as a low-cost energy source, means must be found for it to meet the challenge of nuclear power and to overcome obstacles placed on its use by air and water pollution regulations. As the more limited reserves of gas and oil diminish, economic ways are also required for converting coal to synthetic liquid and gaseous fuels, and to chemicals, thus resulting in optimum utility of the most abundant low-cost fuel resource. The means for accomplishing these ends can only come about by a vigorous research and development program. Successful efforts by industry and government working together, both in America and abroad, will assure the continued use of coal to meet the world's energy demands. This paper discusses the emerging patterns of energy sources throughout the world and the role that research and development on coal will play in supplying future energy requirements.

Jan 1, 1967

By Edward Rybinski

Compañía Minera Antamina is a polymetallic mining complex that produces copper and zinc concentrates as primary products and molybdenum and lead/bismuth/silver concentrates as by-products. In 2007, Metso Process Technology and Innovation (PTI) was contracted to increase SAG mill throughput by integrating and optimising blast fragmentation, crushing and grinding for the harder M4/M4A (CuZn) ores. Following the implementation of recommendations provided by Metso PTI, the SAG mill throughput increased from 2750tph to reach an average of 3600tph for the remainder of 2007. Due to continued application of mine to mill integration and optimisation philosophy, by 2010, the concentrator consistently exceeded the target of 4400tph while processing harder CuZn ores.

Jan 1, 2012

By C. E. Baltzer

This paper highlights the position of coal supply in regard to the requirements for electric-utility operations. The text and the appended tables outline the trend of thermal power development and fuel use in the electric-utility industry. Mention is made of several argumentative factors influencing the use of coal in relation to competitive oil and gas, and of the importance attached to developing a realistic understanding of the respective problems faced by the supplier and consumer of coal. * * * TREND OF" THERMAL POWER DEVELOPMENT T HE RATE OF ADVANCE in thermal power has been significant during recent years, particularly in the Atlantic Provinces, the Prairie Provinces, Ontario, and British Columbia. While dependence on thermal power in Quebec and the Northern Territories is less than in the remainder of Canada, these regions also eventually will have need for increased amounts of such power.

Jan 1, 1961

By M. A. F. Fedikow, D. A. Baldwin, C. Taylor

The Agassiz Metallotect and the Johnson Shear Zone represent two metallogenetic fea tures located within the northern and outhern belts, respectively. of the Aphebian-aged Lynn Lake greenstone belt in northern Manitoba . Numerous gold occu rrences are associated with these two regional features . The tratabound Agas iz Au-Ag deposit with 2.9 million tonnes of 5.2 g/tonne Au and 11.8 g/tonne Ag. occurs within the Agassiz Metallotect. The stratigraphic sequence characterizing the Agassiz Metallotect comprises interlayered ox ide. silicate and sulphide facies iron formations, biotite-rich and siliceous siltstones. and a high Mg- i-Cr basaltic rock that ha previou ly been identified as tholei itic picrite. These rocks can be traced in outcrop and by their INPUT and gradiometric signature for 65 km. The Johnson Shear Zone is an ill-defined 35 km long zone of strucwral disruption that crosscuts volcanic. sedimentary and intrusive rocks and contains numerous vein-type gold occurrences. Both of these metallotects are characterized by their low level of exploration activity and as a result offer excellent residual exploration potential. Rock, basal till and vegetation geochemical techniques applied in the vicinity of the Agassiz deposit indicate the presence of trace element dispersion halos associated with the mineralization. The halos define an exploration target larger than the mineralized zone. Gold occurrences within the two metallotects are described with emphasis on the Agassiz Au-Ag deposit . A wide range of gold occurrence-types is documented including syngencticstratabound , epigenetic-replacement and epigenetic-quartz vein .

Jan 1, 1986

By R. A. Hemstock

"OIL EXPLORATION in Western Canada has produced outstanding results in the past few years. From such successes as Leduc and Redwater on the western plains, oilmen are now moving north in the ever-widening search for oil. They are reaching new frontiers and meeting new problems presented by this vast hinterland.One of the least known but most troublesome phenomena which will be encountered is permafrost. This term relates to a thickness of soil or other superficial deposit, or even of bed-rock at variable depths beneath the surface, in which a temperature below freezing has continually existed .for a long time. This permanently frozen ground affects, in many ways, oil exploration and exploitation. Seismic records are changed, pipe lines cannot easily be ditched into the ground, formation of wax is speeded-up in tubing and pipe lines, roads are difficult to build, and foundations of buildings and even of drilling 'rigs may require entirely new methods of construction.Permafrost underlies roughly one-fifth of the entire 'land surface of the world. It covers the northerly portions of Eurasia and North America. In the area that we are here concerned with, the southern boundary of permafrost extends south of east from about latitude 59°N. on the Pacific coast across the Rocky mountains, through Great Slave and Athabasca lakes, to cape Henrietta Maria, at the junction of Hudson bay and James bay (see Figure 1). Geologists generally agree that permafrost first appeared in the Pleistocene or Ice Age as the result of abnormal ground freezing."

Jan 1, 1952

By J. P. Caulfield

THE Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company's underground mine at Flin Flon, Manitoba, has in the past been serviced by two working shafts-the North Main shaft, and the No. 3 shaft. The North Main shaft is used to hoist the total production from under-ground, and handles the greater part of the mine supplies and crews. The shaft is five-compartment design, rectangular in cross-section, and is equipped entirely with steel shaft sets from the surface to the finished depth of 2,210 feet. Hoisting equipment in the surface plant will not permit the North Main shaft to be extended below its present finished depth. The No. 3 shaft, located approximately 2,300 feet from the North Main shaft, is used primarily as a ventilation shaft, and for hoisting lower-level development waste to the 390 level, where this material is used as mine fill. The No. 3 shaft is of standard rectangular design, timbered with 8-in. by 8-in. creosoted fir sets, hung on 6-foot centres. From the surface to the 1,430 level, the No. 3 shaft consists of three 5 ft. by 5 ft. compartments, and below this level to the completed depth of 2,300 feet, the shaft is increased to four compartments. To service the mine and to expedite development below the 2,210 level, a one and one-half compartment winze was sunk from the 2,210 level to a depth of 766 feet, or approxima tel y the 3,000 level.

Jan 1, 1941

By K. Harris, J. B. Wahl

Ni-base superalloy cast materials provide an outstanding balance of high temperature strength, fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance and coating performance and can be produced to very tight tolerances in extremely complex configurations, such as axial and centrifugal integral cast turbine wheels. As a result, cast superalloys are used in the most demanding applications of aero and industrial gas turbine engines. Use of these materials is expanding to smaller microturbine, turbojet, turbocharger and missile engine applications due to this unique combination of desirable properties. This paper will present an overview of the application of investment cast Ni-base superalloys and process capability to small turbine and missile engines.

Jan 1, 2010

By Cedric E. Gregory

"A study of model rectangular mine shafts has been made in the wind tunnel, with the aim of reducing air-flow resistance elements to a practicable minimum. An analysis of Table 7 shows an indicated average decrease in resistance of 28 per cent by adopting the over-all modifications involved in the configurations actually tested. Much greater reductions (up to 68 per cent) are indicated by extrapolating beyond the test results directly achieved. Intermediate partial reductions in aerodynamic resistance are shown for individual modifications, such as: (1) about 3 per cent for locating the lagging in the No. 4 (inside flush) position as against the No. 1 position - 8 per cent as against the No. 2 position - and 23 per cent as compared with position No. 3; (2) about 12 per cent for using lagging instead of steel meshwork along the divider separating the skipway from the service compartment; (3) about 14 per cent for using steel gridwork ladder stagings at 3-set intervals instead of similarly spaced wooden stagings; (4) about 12 per cent for using steel gridwork ladder stagings at 3-set instead of at 1-set intervals; (5) about 13 per cent for fitting a streamlined fairing (see Fig. 5) to the upstream face of the skipway divider. Contrary to expectations, an advantage of only 3 per cent is indicated for lagging in the inside flush (No. 4) position over the outside position (No. 1). This slight gain does not appear to warrant the cost of moving the lagging. However, if the lagging is already in the No. 2 or No. 3 position, there is an 8 and 23 per cent advantage respectively."

Jan 1, 1973

By John J. Laffin

"IN THE BOOK that has been rated the best seller of all time, it is predicted that man will earn his livelihood by the sweat of his brow. Apparently man has accepted the statement as a challenge and has been attempting to refute it ever since, as he continues to transfer the workload to his inanimate servants - the many types of machines and other labour-saving devices that are available to assist or perform for him in the normal tasks of the day. The history of the evolution of the use of energy takes us back to primitive man, who existed in a very low energy environment, the only energy available being his own muscle power. Although man took a great leap forward when he discovered fire, which was used for lighting, heating and cooking, he still depended upon his own muscles for power. Early man's greatest achievement was probably the invention of the wheel, which permitted him to utilize the muscle power of animals. While still in a very primitive state when viewed from the perspective of the twentieth century, man, with fire and the wheel, had achieved a standard of life far exceeding that of his predecessors. Looking beyond the very basic elements of human energy, fire and the muscle power of animals, we find the next additions of energy coming from man's mastery of other elements of nature. The Phoenicians utilized the power of the wind and the Romans adapted the energy of falling water to the water wheel."

Jan 1, 1972