Search Documents

By C. H. Mathewson

CONSIDERABLE progress has been made during the last few years in analyzing the action of plastic deformation in metallic crystals. This is due largely to the development of X-ray spectrographic methods for studying changes in the orientation of single crystals, or of conglomerates, as they occur during the process of plastic deformation, but partly to the widespread knowledge of suitable technique for preparing large (single or variously combined) crystals for direct crystallographic observation under stress or in various conditions of strain. These two methods of studying changes in the crystalline structure of metals may of course be used in conjunction with features of mutual support, but unfortunately the advantage of direct crystallographic observation is lost when we proceed to the study of severely cold-worked structures, owing to the occurrence of real or apparent crystalline discontinuities which become more and more complicated as the amount of plastic action increases. Furthermore, the X-ray methods do not appear to be adequate, at least in their present stage of development, to fix definitely the character of structural alteration in the parent crystal lattice by plastic deformation. The principal question at issue concerns the nature of the crystalline particles that remain after plastic deformation. These are generally known in our American metallurgical literature as crystalline fragments,' and they seem, indeed, to diffract as individuals causing the Hull pattern of a severely cold-worked metal to resemble the pattern of a fine powder,2 with certain features of preferred orientation among the particles deter- mined by the manner and intensity of cold working. We must freely concede that there are conceptions of lattice alteration, apart from that of simple fragmentation, which would account for an increasing number of lattice positions according to X-ray spectrographic observation as the degree of deformation increased.

Jan 1, 1927

By J. L. Bray

ACCELERATED programs, as discussed in this paper, refer to the year-around operation of a college or university with three sixteen-week or four twelve-week terms per year, with pauses between sufficient only to allow the administrative group to perform their functions. In most engineering schools, under such conditions, the conventional four-year course can be condensed to two years and eight months. These accelerated programs of study, which now exist in most of our technical institutions, were forced upon us under the influence of the outburst of wartime patriotism, perhaps one might go so far as to call it hysteria. Many of us felt and hoped that these programs were temporary expedients, but the cold hard threat of permanency now rears its head; consequently we should examine the merits and shortcomings of the new order, and evaluate its effect on our educational system, since it may persist in some form in the postwar years, because of the changing political and financial situation. Many engineering students are being educated in state supported institutions

Jan 1, 1944

By F. J. Cservenyak

The Bureau of Mines Solid Waste Program is directed toward three main areas of research: (1) Extraction of mineral, metal, and energy values from urban refuse; (2) recovery of mineral and metal values from wastes generated in the industrial extraction, processing, and utilization of raw materials and mineral-base products; and (3) upgrading and utilization of automotive scrap. The Bureau also has a contract and grant program which supplements the in-house research and aids in the training of personnel in the proper management of mineral- and metal-based solid wastes.

Jan 1, 1970

By D. Yokom, T. Katsabanis, E. Tremblay

"The mining industry has always faced the problems of replacing retired mining professionals, retaining their knowledge, continuously developing the skills of local talent and employing under-represented groups. In expansionary scenarios the industry faces the additional challenge of increasing available talent. New talent has traditionally come from current mining programs; however, these programs have been declining in numbers, and those that remain face challenges such as fluctuating enrollments, and reduced budgets. Queen’s University and Northern College have partnered to develop an innovative new program that offers online mining education to engineering technologists seeking to upgrade their skills and obtain a Bachelor’s degree. The high quality, flexible curriculum, offered online, includes a wide range of learning activities that promote interaction (student-to-student, student-to-instructor, and student-to-content), and is enabled by modern learning technologies (an integrated learning platform, as well as a variety of types of purpose-built video, web conferencing, and simulation software). The program issues block transfer credit to college graduates, and consequently reduces the time to completion when compared to other Bachelor’s degrees in Mining. The curriculum has been carefully designed to enhance a balance of technical, managerial, and societal skills for students. The program also includes short summer field school sessions, where students gain practical application skills under the direct supervision of engineering experts. THE NEEDS OF INDUSTRY Canada is the world’s largest exporter of minerals, and the contribution of this sector to Canada’s gross national product is more than three times that of the automotive industry, representing approximately 4% of Canadian GDP (MiHR, 2015)1. According to a recent report by the Canadian Mining Industry Resources Council (MiHR, 2016)2, despite the recent downturn in commodity prices, the industry will continuously need to attract new engineers to replace talent retirements and prepare for the possibility of expansion when the industry recovers. As past experience indicates, the challenges during expansion times are severe and the effects on education counter-productive. For example, during the prolonged expansion cycle of 2006-2012, several new programs were started worldwide, and mining became the profession of choice for many young students. During the subsequent downturn in the industry, many of these programs face dwindling enrollments, placing their sustainability in question. However, there is a continual need by industry to retain employees, as well as attract and train local talent, while providing educational opportunities to its employees. High potential college graduates can find themselves reaching a ceiling in their advancement due to their lack of a University degree. Furthermore, there exists an under representation of women, immigrants, and Aboriginal peoples in the labour force, and engineering fields in general1,2. Traditional mining engineering programs have tried to respond to the needs of industry, as well as meet the needs of students seeking diverse and successful employment careers. These programs tend to cater to the educational needs and aspirations of a general population, and their ability to grow and respond to changing industry needs is constrained by the number of students they can attract, as well as the resources available to them in a steady-state scenario."

Jan 1, 2017

By S. Khan, M. Auret

Due to the modernisation of mines, traditional training methods may be supplemented to support the upskilling of supervisors in mines. A project was initiated by the SAMERDI SATCAP programme to demonstrate the “art of possibility” through a modern training methodology. Two exemplar digital supervisory leadership development modules for underground gold and platinum-group metal conventional and modernising mines, were developed for potential uptake by the mining industry. These exemplar modules were exhibited on a digital platform, towards leading and driving mining modernisation. The research adopted a mixed method approach that included a literature review, a review of an existing supervisory leadership development programme, data gathering, a pilot study, and stakeholder validation workshops. The research supported the development of exemplar digitised modules. The two digitised modules were showcased to the industry for potential adoption. Training slides, a facilitator guide, and a training video were developed for ease of use by industry. The training modules are generic and not specific to a particular mine. They may be used by multi-commodity mines, including gold and platinum-group metals, as ‘stand-alone’ modules. They are customisable, through consultation with relevant service providers for specific working environments. The findings indicated that both the traditional classroom training and the new digitised online learning solution offer advantages for supervisory leadership development. Digital learning is not a new concept for supervisors at mines and modern training methods are well-supported by supervisors in the industry. A ‘modernised’ training solution may consider a ‘blended’ learning approach that combines traditional training with digital methods.

Jun 27, 2025

By D. J. Burdon, Anthony Caplan

"(1) The radiological appearances of pneumokoniosis on the Kolar Gold Field is described in detail. The characteristic abnormality is the. presence of a diffuse, fine annular and punctate mottling. (2) The frequency of symptoms could not be determined with any degree of accuracy, but it is believed that symptoms are absent and there is no incapacity until profuse radiological mottling is present, i.e., after long exposure to dust. (3) There is an increased predisposition to tuberculosis, which, if it occurs, affects the prognosismost unfavourably.(4) Pathological examination shows that the radiological mottling is due to the presence inthe lung of numerous small dust-cdll aggregates (up to T5 mm. in dia.) deposited around the smaller bronchioles and blood-vessels.(5) The dust-cell aggregates are relatively acellular but when tuberculosis is superadded thereis an excessive cellular and fibrotic reaction.(6) The difficulties of defining the radiological and pathological appearances of early pneumokoniosisare discussed.(7) The incidence of pneumokoniosis in 7,653 workmen with 5 or more years’ undergroundservice was 43-75%, but it is suggested that in future the incidence will be appreciably lower.(8) The methods of- dust production and the chemistry of mine dust are described. It isshown that the free silica-content of air-borne mine -dust is relatively low.(9) The aetiology'of the pneumokoniotic lesion is discussed."

Jan 1, 1947

By H. Kenworthy

Small batches of fluorspar flotation concentrates were made into nodules and pellets on a laboratory scale. Several of these were rated acceptable by laboratory evaluation methods. The most satisfactory pellets were produced by mixing fluorspar with about 12.5 percent of water, by weight, and 4 percent of organic binders. These binders) for the most part) originated from petroleum and wood-pulp industries. They were generally difficult to handle and were not easily incorporated with the fluorspars tested. Most of them seemed to have an aversion for damp fluorspar and had to be forcibly mixed with the fluorspar; which was then formed into pellets by pressure. Substitution of fuel oil in varying amounts in the binders enhanced the mixing and penetrating qualities of these binders but at the same tire tended to make the pellets more porous. Tall oils performed the same function to a lesser degree and usually decreased the water absorbency of the finished pellets. Heat-treating temperatures to set up these binders were moderate -about 5000 F. for 30 to 50 minutes was usually enough for both drying and heat treating. Nodules made with 1-1/2 to 2 percent of bentonite as a binder were easily mixed and formed. They required a high degree of heat (about 1,500° F.) to develop their strength and were quite water-absorbent when finished. Two fluorspars were examined for weight and fluorite loss after heat treatment at similar temperatures. Both showed a definite wej.ght and analytical loss of fluorite. Bentonite was used also as a binder to successfully nodulize finely ground oxides of iron, manganese, and nickel.

Jan 1, 1951

By C D. Rose

A review and summary of the results of 120 coal sampling system bias tests is presented. This review supports new methodology using multivariate statistics currently being considered by ISO TC27 SC4. The current difficulties with ISO 13909-8 are explained and the logic behind the current new working draft is discussed in detail. Bias was detected in nearly 36 per cent of tests reviewed, suggesting that much improvement is needed in designing, maintaining and monitoring the performance of sampling systems in order to avoid sampling bias.CITATION:Rose, C D, 2012. Bias testing of mechanical sampling systems for coal - A review of test results and call for use of multivariate statistical analyses, in Proceedings Sampling 2012 , pp 185-192 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Aug 21, 2012

"INTRODUCTION Industrial utilization of the present submarginal domestic manganese resources of the United States is wholely dependent at this time on the electrolytic manganese process established as the result of 4 years of continuous operation of the Bureau of Mines pilot plant at Boulder City and 7 years' operations of the Electro Manganese Corporation commercial plant at Knoxville, Tenn.Three Kids ore provided the feed for the Boulder City pilot plant during 3 years of operation. Hence, the electrowinning characteristics of the ore have been thoroughly established, making possible accurate estimates for commercial operations.Before the Defense Plant Corporation constructed the leaching plant, the Bureau of Mines conducted an exploration project to determine the extent and grade of the ore reserves. Additional exploration, development, and mining by the Manganese Ore Cc, have accurately determined the tonnage and grade of ore. A large tonnage of stock piled ore is now available for immediate processing, and a considerable tonnage of openpit ore has been stripped of overburden preparatory to mining. Numerous facilities, such as power, water, and housing, needed for an electrolytic manganese plant are already available.All of these factors, as well as plans for installation of scale electrolytic manganese plant facilities, are presented in detail in the chapter entitled, ""Mining and. Electrolytic Reduction of use from Three Kids Manganese Mine."" The Manganese Ore Co. kindly provided information on the present ore reserves and state of development of the mine."

Jun 1, 1945

By Karl J. C. Harries

"8.1. INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this chapter is not to provide precedents or examples of provisions, but rather to offer some comments that may be worth considering in the negotiation or review of an agreement. These comments are not intended to be exhaustive. It must also be noted that, although the chapter is written in the context of a common law joint venture, the concepts and concerns for the most part apply equally to a corporation that is owned by only a few shareholders for the purpose of participating in the project held by the corporation.The corporation has the advantage of having much of its organization established by local corporate law, but the particular wishes of the shareholders will appear in a shareholders’ agreement. The principal differences will be surprisingly small, save for the acquisition provisions that appear in a farm-in agreement1 and the substantial portion of the joint venture agreement devoted to creating and organizing the joint venture entity. Where the joint venture agreement refers to venturers and committees, the shareholders’ agreement will refer to shareholders and the board of directors, but both will have to deal with such basic matters as decision-making, default, dispute resolution, first refusals, funding, and carrying out work on the project. For convenience, this chapter usually refers to “venturers”, which may be taken to include shareholders.Negotiations give rise to many varying circumstances and concerns, and the main asset of the negotiator is an open and flexible mind. A desired result can often be accomplished indirectly in circumstances where the other side has adopted an inflexible position on a suggested approach. As precedents and standard forms tend to focus a negotiator’s thinking, they can be counterproductive. It is after the deal has been agreed to that a precedent can be of great assistance to the draftsman.The concepts are arranged in alphabetical order for convenience, not to suggest their sequence or position in an agreement or their relative importance. An agreement should adopt a progression of subjects in what the parties consider a logical sequence to read and work with. However, experience has indicated that it is best to set out in a single article the substance of the deal (i.e. the terms relating to the farm-in and what the acquiring party has to do to acquire his interest), preferably near the beginning of an agreement. The acquisition of the interest is, after all, the first order of business. The joint venture provisions will then follow in a reasonable sequence. It is also worthwhile to devote a single article to any special provisions that may apply during the earn-in period. For example, it may be provided that, although all work is to be done by the acquiring party as operator (with the duty of care, liability, and reporting requirements as set out in the joint venture sections of the agreement), but during the acquisition period, the acquiring party, acting as operator, may be at liberty to do such work as he wishes, without the need for any committee or other approvals, and committee meetings may be suspended.2An agreement is divided into paragraphs and articles to make it easier for the parties to read and understand, and to assist a party in finding “that provision” when the need arises. A comprehensive table of contents will also assist the parties who must work under an agreement. An added benefit of a table of contents is that in preparing it, the draftsman sees the overall structure of the agreement and will often catch and correct flaws."

Jan 1, 2003

By Hanns J. Billmayer

This report, which covers the period from April 1975 to November 1975, describes the work performed in compliance with the requirements of Contract No. H0357091. The purpose of this contract was the development of protective canopy concepts applicable to rail haulage equipment used in underground coal mines.

Jan 1, 1976

By M Gill, A Mathias

The mining industry has always been cost-focussed but in recent times mining companies have moved towards obtaining a competitive advantage through the implementation and sustainability of best practice in the areas of improved safety, operating costs, quality and productivity. This is the concept of Value In Use û that mining companies see value generated all the way to the bottom line through improved change, and those changes become an established mine practice. Many mining companies do not have the resources or the knowledge to sustainably achieve such an outcome. This has led to companies looking to their suppliers to deliver measured value to their business through partnership arrangements. Suppliers have been able to leverage their knowledge of products, product applications and services to offer alternative supply agreements that bring greater returns to their businesses while improving supplier/client relationships. Orica has developed such a partnership with Coal & Allied in the form of a Continuous Improvement Program. Coal & Allied is based in the Hunter Valley region of NSW and is the largest coal producer in that region. Both parties are contractually bound to jointly deliver Value In Use projects to Coal & AlliedÆs Hunter Valley Operations and Bengalla mine sites. It is the request of the Orica and Coal & Allied Steering Committees that this paper does not include the details of actual projects or the costs or key performance indicators associated with the program. This is to maintain the competitive advantage to both Orica and Coal & Allied through the implementation of such a program. It is in the writersÆ opinion that this paper does not lose any significance through this restriction as the most important component of the Continuous Improvement Program is not the projects themselves but the methodology behind them. With this in mind the paper will discuss the development of Value In Use offerings, the key aspects of the Coal & Allied and Orica joint program, what is a Value In Use project, how to measure its value, finally why and even more importantly what makes this program is a success.

Jan 1, 2004

By Joshua Hoffman

The recruitment and retention of future talent into the explosives industry is becoming increasingly important. Student chapters help with this effort but what are they doing and are there things they could learn from each other? This paper discusses the University of Kentucky Student Chapter's efforts to grow membership, retain its recruits, and integrate them into the explosives industry. Several social and professional events during which the students are able to meet and network with members of their future industry are introduced. The special relationship that has been fostered between the University of Kentucky and Missouri University of Science and Technology is discussed. Professional development initiatives which are critical for a student to become vested in the industry are shared in this paper. These opportunities which range from internships to research positions allow a person to get a better understanding of the explosives industry and find the niche that best suits them. Many of the student chapters are closely connected with engineering programs. While this makes sense and both entities benefit from these arrangements there is a trend of job placement primarily in the engineering industry. By providing these students with the chance to learn more about the explosives industry and get hands on experience more of these future engineers and professionals can be retained after their graduation.

Jan 1, 2013

By W. G. K. Fleming

The general history of piling is traced up to the present time with regard to the evolution of methods and materials. The processes have been strongly influenced by developments in basic equipment and industrial change. It is noticeable that in the twentieth century more progress has taken place than in the many previous centuries. It has been strongly influenced by the general development of Soil Mechanics. Test loading is probably the most effective way to assess the success of designs and many empirical relationships have been challenged through it. As we approach a new century it appears that it will be an age of rapid equipment development, with much enhancement of understanding of what has been done. Processes of automatic construction and testing will becoming commonplace. These changes will narrow the limits of conventional scatter that have come to be accepted and to a large extent will be driven by political efforts to curtail energy consumption, to raise standards of quality and reliability, and to conserve the environment. 1. Ancient history. Piling is an ancient art. Its first mention in history is from Herodotus, the first person to commit an account of his times to the written word in the years 557 to 479 BC. He evidently had a strong interest in engineering matters because he wrote of building, brick making, reinforced brickwork, river training, canal building, bridge construction, tunnelling and its acoustic detection and piling. The piling reference comes from Book 5 at paragraph 16.

Jan 1, 1999

By Steve Skelhorn, Dan Ifrim

"A tunnel project poses many challenges; the operation of the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) being one of them. Mechanized tunneling is known as a safe and effective alternative to other methods in terms of schedule and cost; however, efficiency can be severely affected by a bad TBM selection and qualification and employment of inexperienced operators. The success of a mechanized tunneling project involves a comprehensive and interdisciplinary consideration of all contributing factors such as TBM technical specification and selection, TBM design and procurement including ancillary equipment and tunnel linings. The tunnel equipment selection along with the operation can make or break the project. The objective of this paper is to address the importance of the skills and qualifications of the TBM crew with particularity to the TBM Operator. The study includes the Owner and Consultant involvement in the selection and pre-qualification of the TBM crew and specifically the TBM operator as well as the role of Contractor and TBM manufacturer in TBM operator training. This paper also analyzes the possibility of issuing a TBM operator certification, and discusses the benefits and significance of periodic training and certification programs. INTRODUCTION Training in the tunneling industry is not a new topic. The industry continues to evolve and become more complex with technology advances and expansion of mechanical tunnelling to mechanized shaft construction, large diameter drilling and mining industry applications. The need for professionals trained to operate mechanized tunnelling equipment is ever increasing, while there is a significant number of veterans who will be ageing out in the next 5 years. Consequently attracting young professional is a very important aspect of sustaining a qualified pool of professionals. For any given tunnel project, the owner and the engineer spend up to several years, studying the ground conditions during preliminary and final design. Post contract award the contractor spend additional months studying the ground again to develop the optimum means and methods for construction. All this time and money spent at the beginning of the project has the purpose of developing the optimum tunnel design, assessing the risk associated and implementing mitigation measures to reduce risks to acceptable levels. Following the tunnel design process, sophisticated TBMs are being specified and sourced to ensure the best tool for the job. The question raises here: Are there available experienced/trained professionals capable of operating these sophisticated machines?"

Jan 1, 2016

Exploration of new resources and development of new equipment and designs are an ever changing facet of mining. New equipment to handle specialized operations is being developed and new techniques for its use explored. One such system is reviewed. Another is a potential system for handling the thinner stray coal seams between the more profitable thick seams. The availability of federal coal leases in the West is reviewed and current planning discussed. Gulf Coast lignites have been of much interest in recent months and are overviewed.

Jan 1, 1979

By Arjan Jovani, Arjan Beqiraj, Përparim Alikaj, Altin Karriqi

"Koman dam is one of most important high dams in Drin River Cascade. Safety of these dam is very important not only in power production but also in social and environmental aspects connected with vital activity of local people living in downstream of Drini River and in economic development of the country. In December 2014, during the rehabilitation works on some protection measures at the downstream dam toe, a considerable amount of water leakage emerged from the dam toe. This was noticed even before, but its amount and physical-chemical properties were not evaluated. In order to study the origin and flow direction of this water leakage, KESH sh.a. (Albanian Power Corporation) realized Geophysical and Hydro chemical surveys, turbidity and flow measurements and respective analyses of them. Geophysical survey consist in Apparent Resistivity surveys and Self Potential survey. The survey was done in 3 lines using Resistivity “Real Section” technique. Results are plotted in Sections and plan maps of resistivity and SP parameter. There are defined possible leakage areas and the main flow directions are defined. Also, there is done a hydro chemical analyse. Nine water samples were taken from the different places as Komani lake, service galleries of dam, dam toe and two karst springs which were analysed for both physical-chemical parameters and isotopic composition of O-18 and D. The attained analytical data found that water from the dam toe leakages shows the same chemical signature and isotopic composition of O-18 and D as the water from the lake, thus confirming the hydraulic connection between them.Also, There is done the analyse of water leakage turbidity and amount of this leakage"

Jan 1, 2016

By E. O. Binyone

"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBPyGXjlBHIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AbtiKOYg7Y&feature=push-fr&attr_tag=uKtVW3yq2ZngptnE%3A6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PR2THayf-N8https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF-BXiWocqIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TuesIw-OZA4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2HP7sTIZgEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2HP7sTIZgEINTRODUCTIONIn 1937 the Eureka Corporation, Ltd., of Canada obtained a lease on the mining property of the Richmond-Euroka Mining Co. in the Eureka mining district, Eureka County, Nevada. In 1910 the Richmond-Eureka Co. suspended all operations except small-scale leasing, but company and other geologists contended that the El Dorado dolomite would also carry ore in its continuation from fault block north and northeast of the productive old working. The company began to explore the fault block in 1923 by diamond drilling from the,900 level of the Locan shaft, but for various reasons the hole was drilled to a depth of only 2 feet and was then abandoned. Eureka Corporation, Ltd., planned an extensive diamond-drilling program, which included four deep diamond-drill holes, one designated ""A"" fig. if it is to be drilled from the surfaced, and three designated ""E"", ""C"" and ""D"" figs land to be drilled from the 900 level of the Locan shaft. Of these only B and C were completed by the company. Hole C was a contribution,of the hole started by the, started by the Richmond Eureka Co. The site for hole D (figs. 1 and 2) was prepared, but the hole was not drilled. Both B and C holes penetrated sulfide ore carrying good percentages of zinc, lead, gold, and silver. The ore bodies were 40 feet thick and were found approximately 1,400 feet below the 900 level of Locan shaft.On the basis of the very favorable results obtained from the drilling program, the Eureka Corporation planned extensive development of the property and in 1942 commenced sinking the Fad shaft (figs. 1 and 2). The shortage of equipment and materials brought on by the war and difficulties with water in the shaft greatly hindered progress. However, early in 1943 the Eureka Cor¬poration, Ltd., of Canada submitted to the War Production Board a proposal for developing the mine and milling 500 tons of zinc-lead ore a day. The proposal involved an expenditure of $2,890,750."

Dec 1, 1946

By J. J. Forbes

This publication is a revision of the first of a series of four Miners' Circulars originally prepared and issued in 19'29 for use in a course of training designed to prepare mine officials to organize men for rescue and recovery operations. These circulars were revised in 1937 and 1938 and again in 1948. This circular (Miners' Circular 33) discusses mine gases and methods for detecting them. The second of this series (Miners' Circular 34) gives instruction in Bureau of Mines methods of sampling and analysis of mine gases; the third (Miners' Circular 35) describes methods and equipment used for protection against mine gases; and the fourth (Miners' Circular 36) explains procedures used in sealing and unsealing mine fires and in recovery operations after mine fires or mine explosions.

Jan 1, 1954

By H. R. Spedden

As part of its broad program of educational assistance-including grants, fellowships, and scholarships -Kennecott Copper Corp. offers summer employment opportunities for college students at each of its operations. Originally, summer job programs were intended primarily to help students defray their educational expenses. But as the nation's economy expanded with increased production and a growing demand for well-trained engineers, summer employment became an important means to help qualify future professionals and fill industry's need for them. Both the employer and the student thus derive benefits from such training.

Jan 6, 1967