Search Documents

By J. S., Douglas

IN 1880, the late James Douglas, LL.D., was superintendent of the Chemical Copper Co., operating the Hunt & Douglas process for the treatment of the siliceous copper ores of the Jones mine at Phoenixville, Pa. In conjunction with this a refining furnace was operated. After correspondence with Ben Williams, of Bisbee Ariz., who was commencing the mining and smelting of the Copper Queen ore. Dr. Douglas decided-to make his first journey to Arizona. While making plans for the trip lie visited a friend in Philadelphia, a .Mr. Logan, a prominent lawyer. He, through Professor Treadwell, brother of the discoverer of the great Treadwell gold mine of Douglas Island, Alaska, had an option with his min¬ing partner, Mr. Lenig, on the Eureka and Wade Hampton claims near the headwaters of the Verde River in Yavapai County, Arizona. These two claims, later the source of practically all of the wealth of the Jerome district, were then owned by C. P. Head and Co. Prescott merchants. Hugo Richards, banker, and formerly sutler at Camp Apache; Rod and John McKinnon prospectors and Nova Scotians; and perhaps one or two 'other owners of minor interests. Mr. Logan, hearing of Dr. Douglas intended trip to Bisbee, asked him to go first to see the two mining prospects, and this, Douglas, in need of the $500 fee, agreed to do as the time on the option on the claims was running short.

Jan 1, 1935

By William Marsh Baldwin

TWO of the most useful and important equations available to the metallurgist for the study of plastic deformation of metals are the Huber-von Mises-Henckyl-~ and the St. Venant7-10 equations. Huber-von Mises-Hengky Equation The Huber-von Mises-Hencky equation answers the question: When does plastic flow occur in metal that is subjected to a multi-axial stress? It occurs, according to this equation, when the three principal stresses,t UI, u2, and u3 satisfy the equation: (<ri - <r2)2 + (<r2 - <rsY + (ff! - <r3)* = 2Ki [i] Here K is the yield strength of the material as determined in an ordinary tensile test. If the quantities ul, 52, andas are assigned to the coordinates of a Cartesian three-dimensional system, this expression describes a cylinder whose axis of symmetry is inclined at equal angles to the three coordinate axes4s6 (Fig. I). The radius of this cylinder is .\/%K. For the purpose of simplicity, it is sometimes advantageous to ascribe the values al/K = sl, az/K = s2, UD/K = SJ to the three coordinate axes instead of the principal stress alone. In this case, Eq. I becomes (*i - s*)1 + (s2 - S3)2 + (si - SiY = 2 [2] and the radius of the cylinder becomes \/%. In the latter method of representation, a point lying inside the cylinder indicates that the metal will react elasti-cally, whereas a point lying on the cylindrical surface indicates that the metal will behave plastically. Some of the geometric features of this cylinder are worthy of study. Let us inquire first as to what interpretation may be placed upon what we will choose to call the "circles of latitude" of the cylinder (L in Fig. I) and the "meridians" of the cylinder (M in Fig. I). Circles of Latitude Circles of latitude are formed by allowing a plane, passing perpendicular to the cylinder axis, to intersect with the cylinder. Any point, P, on this circle is presumed to have the coordinates sl, SZ, and s3. The coordinates of the point resulting from the intersection of the plane and the cylinder axis will be a, a, and a (since the cylinder axis is equally inclined to the three coordinate axes). L?t US now pass a line through the point on the circle and the point on the axis.

Jan 1, 1946

By William Marsh Baldwin

TWO of the most useful and important equations available to the metallurgist for the study of plastic deformation of metals are the Huber-von Mises-Henckyl-~ and the St. Venant7-10 equations. Huber-von Mises-Hengky Equation The Huber-von Mises-Hencky equation answers the question: When does plastic flow occur in metal that is subjected to a multi-axial stress? It occurs, according to this equation, when the three principal stresses,t UI, u2, and u3 satisfy the equation: (<ri - <r2)2 + (<r2 - <rsY + (ff! - <r3)* = 2Ki [i] Here K is the yield strength of the material as determined in an ordinary tensile test. If the quantities ul, 52, andas are assigned to the coordinates of a Cartesian three-dimensional system, this expression describes a cylinder whose axis of symmetry is inclined at equal angles to the three coordinate axes4s6 (Fig. I). The radius of this cylinder is .\/%K. For the purpose of simplicity, it is sometimes advantageous to ascribe the values al/K = sl, az/K = s2, UD/K = SJ to the three coordinate axes instead of the principal stress alone. In this case, Eq. I becomes (*i - s*)1 + (s2 - S3)2 + (si - SiY = 2 [2] and the radius of the cylinder becomes \/%. In the latter method of representation, a point lying inside the cylinder indicates that the metal will react elasti-cally, whereas a point lying on the cylindrical surface indicates that the metal will behave plastically. Some of the geometric features of this cylinder are worthy of study. Let us inquire first as to what interpretation may be placed upon what we will choose to call the "circles of latitude" of the cylinder (L in Fig. I) and the "meridians" of the cylinder (M in Fig. I). Circles of Latitude Circles of latitude are formed by allowing a plane, passing perpendicular to the cylinder axis, to intersect with the cylinder. Any point, P, on this circle is presumed to have the coordinates sl, SZ, and s3. The coordinates of the point resulting from the intersection of the plane and the cylinder axis will be a, a, and a (since the cylinder axis is equally inclined to the three coordinate axes). L?t US now pass a line through the point on the circle and the point on the axis.

Jan 1, 1946

United Engineering Society WILLIAM L SAUNDERS,, President GEORGE H PEGRAM, 1st Vie-president ALFRED D FLINN, Secretary J V W REYNDERS, 2d Vice-president JACOB S LANGTHORN, Treasurer HENRY A LARDNER Assistant treasurer Finance Committee House Committee GEORGE H PEGRAM, Chairman ALFRED D FLINN, Chairman J &apos;VIPOND DAVIES FREDERICK F SHARPLESS BANCROFT GHERARDI . JOHN H DUNLAP WILLIAM L SAUNDERS CALVIN W RICE W F M GOSS, ex-officio F L HUTCHINSON

Jan 1, 1923

By Bai Shiwie, Li. Guangyu

This paper presents the study in situ on stress field of rock mass in a large dam site. By means of two different measure instruments and the method of stress relief, a lot of measure in situ has been done, including stress measurement of three dimensions at ten points and two deep-hole stress measurements in the perpendicular boreholes which are 59.4m and 53m deep seperately, and the basic accordant results corresponding two methods have been got. In the process of the deep-borehole stress measurement we got the stress value in critical state in which cylindrical core would become core-disking in the high stress area, which was first got in the world. The maximum principal stress was up to 650 kg/cm2. The stress value obtained by test and the thickness of rock disks all basically accord to the analysis by mechanical mechanism of core-disking The plane linear elastic finite element analysis has been completed. Results of inverse calculation all ac- cord to the measurement results in four different positions. The whole outline of the stress field of dam site was delineated clearly.

Jan 1, 1982

By AIME AIME

A CERTAIN area in the State of Indiana seems to be a breeding place for presidents and near president about eighteen miles southeast of Elwood is the little village of Daleville, and there, on April 9, 1890, John Robert Suman, newly elected President of the A.I.M.E., was born. It was not long before he migrated to California, however, where he went to the Los Angeles High School, then for two years to the University of Southern California, after which he went up to Berkeley

Jan 1, 1940

By Louis E. Reber

Jan 1, 1922

By Anthony Anable

THE definite trend to stricter specifications with respect to hydraulic concrete has become increasingly manifest in the last six years or so; but it remained for the vast reclamation projects of the Bureau of Recla-mation of the Department of the Interior of the last few years to focus attention on this trend, and to demonstrate how thousands of tons of concrete-making aggregates can be produced continuously and auto-matically with a control of fineness comparable with that obtained with small samples in well equipped private and governmental laboratories. Pioneer work in this direction was done, to be sure, by private com-panies, notably the Kaiser Paving Co. of San Francisco, prior to the present vast public works program. Then in 1931 came the first great, aggregates-preparation plant of the Six Companies, Inc. to supply construction materials for Boulder Dam&apos; in Nevada, and now, in 1936, the aggregates plant of the Mason-Walsh-Atkinson-Kier Co., general con-tractors on the Grand Coulee dam in Washington. At Boulder dam and to an even greater degree at Grand Coulee dam, sand production is recognized as probably the most important single element affecting the physical characteristics of the concrete. For in the construction of dams accurate grading of the fine aggregate has consider-able bearing on the attainment of a uniform and homogeneous concrete of a high degree of workability and placeability and, at the same time, combining high density and low cement content. Low cement content is of value not only from the standpoint of economy but also because the use of an unnecessarily rich concrete causes certain undesirable characteristics to develop. This paper will relate how at Grand Coulee dam methods that are more advanced than ever before are producing four sizes of gravel and a sand having a fineness modulus of 2.5-3.0. The design capacity is 1000 tons an hour. Significantly, the methods and equipment employed are broadly those that have been used for a generation in metallurgical mills for accurately sizing and grading both precious

Jan 1, 1936

By Irving Hartmann, H. P. Greenwald

READERS of this journal are familiar with the danger of coal-dust explosions in mines and with recommended means for preventing them. The subject was treated in a paper by R. R. Sayers in the January 1943 issue, as well as in several previous articles. Similarly the danger of dust explosions is generally recognized in the handling of grain dust, flour, starch, sugar, and other carbonaceous products. However, until recently, few people realized that an analogous, real explosion hazard exists wherever dust suspensions of certain finely divided metal powders are formed. This lack of knowledge was in part due to the fact that until a few years ago only a small number of metal powders, such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, and tungsten, were produced, in comparatively small volume, and partly because information on the explosibility of metal powders was lacking.

Jan 1, 1945

By George C. Stone

AS most of you probably know, Australia has had many strikes. The two places that had the worst reputation were the Broken Hill mines and Port Pirie, where the smelter was located. About four or five years ago, the smelter changed hands. The new proprietors - immediately endeavored to get on better terms with the men and made such progress in that respect that, the men came to them and said, "There is no use giving us any more money. You have just raised our pay one- bob a day, but the store-keeper and the boarding-house keeper have raised their prices. The boarding housekeeper raised our board three bob a week and the storekeeper took the rest of it and we are no better off." Learning that what the men needed most was firewood wood the company bought the wood on a tract of ground across Spencer&apos;s Gulf and- sent men over to cut it. The wood was brought to the works and given to a man to cut up. He thought he had an easy job and loafed, but when the committee representing the men discovered that his loafing added to the cost of &apos;the wood, it promptly disciplined him and made -him work as he had never worked before. The next question that arose was the distribution of the wood. The committee got bids from several cartmen whose prices varied from about two to five shillings. It gave the work to the next to the lowest bidder. The fact that if delivering the wood cost more, the user would have to pay for it, was an entirely new idea to the men.

Jan 1, 1920

By John A. Baker

S EVERAL FACTORS have brought about a vastly greater interest in the gold-mining industry in the last two or three years. Outstanding is the fact that there is an open market at a fixed price for all that can be produced. a condition that holds for no other commodity. Costs of production have decreased greatly, owing to lower prices of supplies and equipment and lower wages. Improved metallurgical processes and equipment are also available. To big new gold district is being opened up but virgin ground is being prospected with some success in many of the more remote parts of the world and right here in the United States many old properties are being reopened 111 the light of present condition<, tailing dumps are being re- worked, and profitable leases taken on abandoned property. Many of the men who are becoming interested in gold are mining engineers whose experience has all been with base metals heretofore: some are engineers with no mining experience; some are not engineers at all but men who cannot find profitable employment in their usual field of activity and are attracted by the age-old lore of the yellow metal. Some are business men with a little money and an idea that under present conditions gold mining offers a safer investment for it than most other kinds of business. It is to those more or less inexperienced new- comers in the gold-mining industry that this article i4 ad dressed. Those who are connected with the large gold mines or who have had rears of experience with the small ones will find in the following pages little or nothing of interest but it is hoped that the newer generation of small mine operators, on whom the healthy growth of the industry depends so much, may find here some helpful hints.

Jan 1, 1932

By F. W. Lee

Historical-From the beginning of time, all ingenuity of mankind has been concentrated upon the methods of finding gold and unusual deposits in the earth. An illustration (Fig. 1) from the old treatise by Agricola, "De Re Metallica," published in 1580, will serve to show the im-plicit faith of that generation in divining methods. However, it was not until 1920 that real progress was made in prospecting by using the latest advances of the physical sciences. The public interest was stimulated by the successes of these methods on the part of commercial oper-ators, and governmental agencies received many requests for information concerning their relia-bility. There were also, in the late 1920&apos;s.high- pressure mine-promotion schemes which used geophysical methods in a very questionable manner, symbolized in Figure 2 as of 1928 by an elec-trified forked stick. Authoritative information concerning such practices for public protection was needed to curb such notorious undertakings. Dr. Scott Turner, then Director of the United States Bureau of Mines, thoroughly understood the situation and was first in the governmental de-partments to recognize the possible value of a study of modern prospecting methods. The Bureau of Mines began this investigation by employing Drs. A. S. Eve and D. A. Keys of McGill University for short periods in the summer in 1927. Their first publication [see 1 of "References" at end of paper] served to illustrate the fundamental scientific principles which underlie geophysical prospecting. This was followed by a second publication [21 giving the results of field-tests. In the light of the rapid improvements during the intervening ten years, these two papers take a historical position. Later a full-time position under Civil Service was planned by the Bureau of Mines for con-tinuous investigations and research concerning geophysics and its applications to prospecting. It was Turner&apos;s idea that. since the oil-industry had been making very rapid progress with good results, if mineral mining could also benefit to the same degree, it would be of great help to that industry.

Jan 1, 1940

By AIME AIME

THE official opening at the 134th general meeting of the Institute was held on Oct. 6, but it was prefaced by two round table conferences on Oct. 5. The open-hearth group held the fourth of their semi-annual conferences at the William Penn Hotel, devoting the morning session to discussing a paper by R. L. Cain on the "Manufacture of Forging Steel by the Open-hearth Process," and the afternoon to discussing P. H. Shaeffer&apos;s paper on the open-hearth charge. At the Bureau of Mines, a round table conference on the combustibility of coke was held on Tuesday morning, and the afternoon was devoted to a similar conference on the testing of coke. The formal opening session of the meeting assembled in the Music Hall of Carnegie Institute at 10.30 a. m. Graham Bright, chairman of the Pittsburgh Section; called the meeting to order and presided. President Taylor welcomed the visiting members and guests to his home city and reviewed briefly the advancement of mining in the past half century during which, for ex- ample, the coal output had increased from 53,280,000 tons to 523,357,000 tons per year. He emphasized the important part Pennsylvania played in mining and brought out the principal changes that had taken place in methods. In part, his remarks were as follows: The centennial year, 1876, found the coal business of. this country, as a whole, producing 53,280,000 tons, of which amount the bituminous mines of this State yielded 24 per cent. In 1925, this country produced 523,357,000 tons of coal, of which Pennsylvania produced 24 per cent.

Jan 1, 1926

By Nelson P. Hulst

COMMITTEES. DULUTH.-Nelson P. Hulst, Chairman; J. B. Adams, W. C. Agnew, M. H. Alworth, C. W. Andrews, R. Angst, William R. Appleby, C. E. Bailey, G. G. Barnum, E. F. Bradt, Mylie Bunnell, George L. Cheesebrough, Peter Christen¬sen, F. A. Cokefair, T. F. Cole, C. A. Congdon, N. Cowling, George H. Crosby, M. D. Cullum, C. d&apos;Autremont, Jr., H. L. Dresser, C. T. Fairbairn. Walter Fitch, F. L. Gilbert, J. T. Hale, G. G. Hartley, E. B. Hawkins, M. S. Hawkins, J. H. Hearding, Louis Hill, L. J. Hopkins, F. E. House, J. C. Hunter, 0. D. Kinney, J. W. Kreitter, E. J. Longyear, Alexander McDougal, W. A. McGonagle, A. M. Marshall, W. N. Merriam, T. D. Merrill, John Millan, P. Mitchell, Clarence Moore, Hon. Page Morris, C. H. Munger, Henry Nolte, W. J. Olcott, A. L. Ordean, Thomas Owens, F. A. Patrick, H. M. Peyton; D. M. Philbin, Capt. Charles Potter (U. S. A.), L. W. Powell, Harry Roberts, Louis Rouchleau, George A. St. Clair, J. U. Sebenius, Joseph Sellwood, Amos Shepherd, W. B. Silvey, George Spencer, George C. Stone, H. B. Sturtevant, George D. Swift, Kirby Thomas, C. D. Thompson, A. D. Thomson, G. A. Tomlinson, Charles Trezona, R. R. Trezona, Maj. J. H. Upham, Charles Van Barneveld, W. W. Walker, J. L. Washburn, A. C. Weirs, H. J. Wessinger, A. B. Wolvin, Dwight E. Woodbridge. HOUGHTON.-W. E. Parnall, Chairman; W. D. Calverley, Secretary; W. B. Anderson, L. S. Austin, Jacob Baer, William Bath, F. J. Bawden., Simon Beahan, John Been, C. H. Benedict, Walter Bloomfield, S. H. Brady, Samuel Brady, Henry Brett, A. L. Burgan, F. I. Cairns, W. H. Cake, Arthur L. Carnahan, William Carpenter, Phillip Carroll, John J. Case, T. L. Chadbourne, W. A. Childs, B. F. Chynoweth, Captain James Chynoweth, H. P. Clausen, F. G. Coggin, H. D. Conant, J. B. Cooper, J. R. Cooper, John Cuddihy, Thomas Cummings, Robert Davidson, J. B. Dee, J. R. Dee, T. S. Dee, Theodore Dengler, M. M. Dennis, Captain Thomas Dennis,. F. W. Denton, A. D. Edwards, R. M. Edwards, C. S. Fales, Daniel Fisher, Henry Fisher, James Fisher, A. L. Floeter, Frank H. Getchell, M. C. Getchell, W. M. Gibson, W. M. Gilliland, James G. Glanville, George Goodale, H. S. Goodell, A. R. Gray, Edward Grierson, Homer Guck, H. D. Haddock, Captain Josiah Hall, John L. Harris, Captain S. B. Har¬ris, Enos Harrold, F. William Hartmann, George L. Heath, C. M. Hoar, Thomas Hoatson, 0. P. Hood, Captain Thomas Hooper, Captain Joshua D. Husking, Dr. L. L. Hubbard, Arno Jaelinig, E. D. Johnson, G. A. Koenig, Edward Koepel, C. H. Krause, R. H. Leach, A. W. Leonard, James MacNaughton, Edward McCormick, Thomas McDonald, R. T. McKeever, F. W. McNair, James McRae, John Mackey, John C. Mann, Major G. A. Marr, Captain Thomas Maslin, Harry Mercer, James Merton, Michael Messner, William F. Miller, Captain J. Milligan, Dr. J. W. Moore, Charles H. Moss, H. F. Nickerson, Charles L. Noetzel, P. H. Paine, John Penrose, Captain John Pentecost, Graham Pope, R. C. Pryor, James Ramsay, J. T. Reeder, Allen F. Rees, J. H. Rice, W. G. Rice, James

Jan 1, 1905

1 Healthy and active Local Section organizations are vital factors in promoting the vigor and growth of the Institute 2 Activity on the part of Local Sections should be recognized and stimulated by appropriation of funds from the Institute&apos;s treasury, and these appropriations should be as large as is consistent with the relative needs for other activities 3 As between different Sections, the amount of such appropriations should be based primarily on the extent of activities as reflected in the number and character of meetings held and the attendance of the members at such meetings 4 In making a request for funds for any year, the officers of a Local Section should submit a report on the printed form approved by the Directors at their meeting on November 19, 1937 5 A standing Committee on Local See-

Jan 1, 1952

By S. G. Lasky

EVENTS during and since the war indicate that the nations of the world are trying to initiate an era of international co-operation. Definitions and objectives include social, economic, and human considerations no less than political considerations. The mineral resources of the world and the absolute and relative position of each nation enter into this situation. The possible use of armed might, the application of sanctions, the international flow of commerce, the ways in which this flow may encourage or hamper international well-being, and the influence of international and domestic well-being upon one another are all matters that must take mineral resources into account. If the United States is to act wisely and forthrightly in such matters we must be thoroughly informed as to our position with respect to mineral resources. What is the mineral position of the United States? A variety of widely conflicting opinions are held in authoritative and intelligent quarters: (1) For practical purposes our mineral resources are already exhausted.

Jan 1, 1946

1. Healthy and active Local Section organizations are vital factors in promoting the vigor and growth of the Institute. 2. Activity on the part of Local Sections should be recognized and stimulated by appropriation of funds from the Institute&apos;s treasury; and these appropriations should be as large as is consistent with the relative needs for other activities. 3. As between different Sections, the amount of such appropriations should be based primarily on the extent of activities as reflected in the number and character of meetings held and the attendance of the members at such meetings. 4. In making a request for funds for any year, the officers of a Local Section should submit a report on the printed form approved by the Directors at their meeting on November 19, 1937. 5. A standing Committee on Local See-

Jan 1, 1943

1. Healthy and active Local Section organizations are vital factors in promoting the vigor and growth of the Institute. 2. Activity on the part of Local Sections should be recognized and stimulated by appropriation of funds from the Insti¬tute&apos;s treasury; and these appropriations should be as large as is consistent with the relative needs for other activities. 3. As between different Sections, the amount of such appropriations should be based primarily on the extent of activities as reflected in the number and character of meetings held and the attendance of the members at such meetings. 4. In making a request for funds for any year, the officers of a Local Section should submit a report on the printed form approved by the Directors at their meeting on November 19, 1937. 5. A standing Committee on Local See-

Jan 1, 1942

1. Healthy and active Local Section or¬ganizations are vital factors in promoting the vigor and growth of the Institute. 2. Activity on the part of Local Sections should be recognized and stimulated by appropriation of funds from the Insti¬tute&apos;s treasury; and these appropriations should be as large as is consistent with the relative needs for other activities. 3. As between different Sections, the amount of such appropriations should be based primarily on the extent of activities as reflected in the number and character of meetings held and the attendance of the members at such meetings. 4. In making a request for funds for any year, the officers of a Local Section should submit a report on the printed form approved by the Directors at their meeting on November 19, 1937. 5. A standing Committee on Local Sec-

Jan 1, 1944

By Oscar A. Glaeser

INDUSTRIAL relations in the United States Smelting Refining and Mining Company&apos;s Western operations covers the field of personnel and labor relations, and the principal aims are to render service to the employes of the Company and to its operating departments. Accident prevention Safety is a primary function. A safety engineer is employed at each operation. The wholehearted support of Company officials, staff, and the working force has been most successful in preventing accidents. Constant vigilance has been combined with a policy of building safety into all operating activities whether these are in the construction of a new facility, the developmnt of a mining system, or the direction of the working force. That this policy has produced results is attested to by the fact that the accident frequency rate at the Company&apos;s major mining operations in Utah has been reduced approximately 75 per cent in the ten-year period ending Dec. 31. 1946.

Jan 1, 1948