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By D Tuazon, M Powell, M Ziemski, G D. Corder

Although mining companies have made broad corporate-level commitments to adopt sustainability, there continue to be problems when attempts are made to adopt higher-level sustainability aspirations and translate them into appropriate targets and methods at the more-specific operational level. The integration of sustainability principles into minerals processing operational decision-making processes has unique challenges that are not addressed adequately by current tools and methodologies, yet impacts from operational decisions can have longer-term effects realised at closure and rehabilitation.This paper describes a proposed methodology to achieve the integration of sustainability at the operational level through a systematic and rigorous process of identifying and qualifying sustainability issues and opportunities in an operation. The methodology, starting from a sustainability point of view rather than an operational one, guides the identification of process issues and opportunities by examining the operation, unit-by-unit, similar to a Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) process. Each issue or opportunity is qualified according to its measurability, scopes of impact and consequences so that it may be understood fully and the correct engineering problems are formed. Through improved decision-making to account for broader sustainability factors, operations can better address environmental and social expectations and pressures (both corporate and community, as well as immediate and in the longer-term), whilst still delivering on operational and business goals.The methodology has been tested with two case studies at minerals processing operations. At one site, the methodology identified a dust issue which had considerable business risks (loss of valuable product) compared to conventional engineering analysis processes. The other site also benefited from using the methodology as an opportunity to improve the operation of the milling and flotation circuits was identified. The opportunity not only showed a potential to improve operational efficiency, but also potential improvements in water and energy efficiency and a resulting increased resilience against water and energy supply risks. It was important to utilise the holistic approach of the methodology in the identification of opportunities at this site; the goals of the operation showed a strong coupling between water and energy issues which would be difficult to overcome using the operationÆs current organisational model, which deals with such issues separately of each other.CITATION:Tuazon, D, Corder, G D, Powell, M and Ziemski, M, 2012. A practical and rigorous approach for integrating sustainability principles into decision-making processes at minerals processing operations, in Proceedings Life-of-Mine 2012 , pp 233-242 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 10, 2012

By R Wynn, N Stoitis, R A. Lauten, H Liang

At the Century mine in North West Queensland, MMG produces lead and zinc concentrates. The current production rate is close to 500 000 t of zinc per annum. Graphite is the main gangue in the orebody and a substantial quantity of chemicals are used to achieve an acceptable depression of graphite and other gangue materials in the current operation. In the future, it is anticipated that the content of graphite in the orebody will increase while the zinc grade will gradually drop. This scenario illustrates the importance of an optimised suite of flotation chemicals to maximise concentrate grade and recovery. As an alternative to the current reagent suite where dextrin is used to depress graphite, laboratory test work and subsequent plant trials were conducted with alternative depressants. These depressants facilitated both graphite depression and elevated zinc grades in the rougher concentrate. As an added benefit, it was also observed that the silica content in the zinc concentrate was reduced in the presence of the biopolymer selected for the plant trials. Results from both laboratory tests and plant trials will be discussed to illustrate how this change of reagent suite improved flotation yield at the MMG Century Mine.CITATION:Wynn, R, Lauten, R A, Liang, H and Stoitis, N, 2014. A change in graphite depressant to improve the recovery of zinc at MMG Century mine, in Proceedings 12th AusIMM Mill Operators’ Conference 2014 , pp 179–186 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 1, 2014

Despite the large areas of sedimentary basins in Western Australia, the coal resources are very meagre., This is a serious problem for the State, which-at present-lacks any other alternate source of fuel-for power production.. Located coal deposits are all poor in quality and mostly brown coals of little importance. The best..coal suitable for extraction is at Collie, where a black=sub- bituminous non-coking coal is mined. Most other coals recorded are low grade or lignite, with high ash'and moisture content and a low calorific value. Coal was first discovered in Western Australia in the bed of the Irwin River, 50-miles south-east of Geraldton, by the Gregory brothers, explorers, in the year 18+6,. but although investigated, it has never been developed. The most noteworthy discovery of coal was in the Collie River, 26 miles east of Bunbury, by Arthur Perrin in 1883. Production commenced in 1898 and ever since, Collie has continued to be the State's sole producing coalfield.

Jan 1, 1964

By G Capes, L Morizzi, N Mitkas, E Jones, D Grant

This paper describes the mining setting for the sub-level open stoping (SLOS) mining method used at Olympic Dam (OD), and investigates the range of stope performance conditions encountered over 30 years of production, using a qualitative description of the factors influencing performance. Utilising a continuous improvement tool, the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) process, and a forward-looking rock mechanics program, the intent is to identify the key factors driving productivity and performance to create a stable and achievable long term mine plan.

Mar 15, 2021

By Y Xu, T Rowles, B Dareeju, A Dissanayake

Recent updates on tailings dam design guidelines require analysis of undrained (short-term) stability with the application of the SHANSEP model. The SHANSEP model, which was originally developed for alluvial soils, predicates that the Undrained Shear Strength (Su) increases with increasing effective stress. Residual soils by their nature do not necessarily follow this relationship. This paper examines an alternate method to define Su over a range of effective stress conditions for residual soils. Residual soils, formed by weathering of their parent rocks, are generally micro-structured in nature. The microstructural features, such as interparticle bonding, play a fundamental role in stress-strain behaviour of the residual soils. As interparticle bonding is independent of effective stress and void ratio, the undrained shear strength of residual soils is expected to be less dependent on effective stress than alluvial soils, especially at low stress levels. A series of triaxial tests conducted on residual soils, however, indicated that the undrained shear strength and the undrained shear strength ratio (Su/σv’) are to a degree dependant on effective stress. It was found that the undrained shear strength ratio is significantly higher under low stress levels and progressively reduces with increasing effective stress. Based on the laboratory testing data, a strength function with varying undrained shear strength ratios can be developed for the residual soils under the stress range anticipated for a design of a tailings dam. This includes capping the input undrained strength at lower effective stresses based on the drained (effective) and minimum undrained strength. The Factor of Safety (FOS) calculated for the embankment utilising the traditional limit equilibrium (LE) method indicated the application of undrained strength function for the residual soils can provide a significant optimisation for the embankment design compared to adopting a constant undrained shear strength ratio or constant undrained shear strength in the design.

Jul 1, 2021

The blasting process involves a complex interaction of a delayed sequence of moving sources of seismic energy which produce nonlinear behaviour near the blast holes. A deterministic description of this nonlinear behaviour represents a formidable problem. The modelling of blast vibrations remote from the blast source may use some of the primary features of the blast design such as charge type, charge weight and initiation sequence. Such modelling of blast vibrations usually assumes linear behaviour remote from the blast holes. Site specific charge weight scaling laws may be used to predict the blast vibration levels with relatively poor accuracy. An important ingredient which is missing from charge weight scaling laws is the seismic source wavelet emanating from each blast hole. The present paper considers some approaches which may be used to determine a suitable source wavelet. The wavelets are suitable for use in the region where linearity may be assumed. In that region, it is possible to model the attenuation and scattering of the seismic wave as it propagates from the blast source to the measurement location.

Jan 1, 1990

The operations management system at Olympic Dam has evolved over a two-year period to the state described in this paper. This evolution has been driven largely by the requirements of the recent expansion of the Olympic Dam operation from three to nine million tonnes of ore per year. Such a change process demands an holistic approach to mine management and several techniques have been employed including XPAC, Mine Works Planner as well as a basic philosophy of æjust-in-timeÆ completion. The philosophies, software and tracking mechanisms for managing a large tonnage operation are described, outlining a fully integrated scheduling system from shift to shift detailed activity planning to a 20 year production plan. Moreover, the vision of production exceeding the current limit of nine million tonnes means that there are to be further developments to this state-of-the-art system in use at the Olympic Dam mine.

Jan 1, 2000

By M Russ, J Gediga

This paper shows an economic feasible approach to implement greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction measures into the mining and metallurgy industry (MMI). The goal to improve energy consumption is directly linked to the reduction of GHG emissions in the MMI. A baseline scenario of the considered reference system and of the respective reference year has to be designed and analysed. In a second step an analysis of the same operation using the best available technology (BAT) processes is carried out to generate a basis for a benchmark system. The identified gaps will be reported and the potential GHG emission reductions will be put into relation to the investment, running cost and generated carbon credits of the new process technologies to be implemented. This economic feasibility calculation is necessary to realise a cost efficient GHG reduction roadmap decision-making for implementing new technology into the companyÆs business operations. The GHG reduction roadmap is developed using the marginal abatement curve approach.

Jan 1, 2009

By R Williams, M Baxter, D Zink, R Cunningham

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the efficient operation of a tailings dewatering circuit comprising a thickener and filter press through proper control and automation. It is common to see thickeners and filter press circuits each with their own control systems. This can cause multiple issues when trying to increase efficiency and reliability of the tailings management process. By automating the thickener and filter press controls, you are eliminating any delays and inconsistencies caused by human error and process variations. When done properly the system can maintain a consistent product as the feed characteristics change. Previously, operators would have to monitor the process parameters and adjust the system accordingly. This can now be accomplished using state of the art process control equipment that continuously monitors and adjusts critical variables using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) loops. The paper will detail the control theory used to maintain these systems, highlight other benefits of having a fully integrated plant such as predictive maintenance and remote diagnostics as well as present examples of how these have been implemented in field examples.CITATION:Baxter, M, Cunningham, R, Williams, R and Zink, D, 2018. Tailings process optimisation through automation and controls integration, in Proceedings Mine Waste and Tailings Stewardship Conference 2018, pp 416–421 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 23, 2018

By J Carter, B J. Armstrong

Best practice for the submission of samples to an internal or commercial laboratory requires quality control materials to be included for the purpose of independently and comprehensively assessing laboratory performance. These quality controls include the use of certified reference materials (CRMs) and may be blind to the laboratory. Iron ore companies purchase these materials from reputable manufacturers from stock of run-of-mine materials at the appropriate grades. The international standard, ISO 17034 (ISO, 2016), specifies the competency requirements for organisations manufacturing reference materials, and includes rigorous requirements for the assessment of homogeneity, stability and establishment of property values and their uncertainties. Homogeneity is one of the most important measures of suitability for all certified reference materials and refers to the degree to which the composition and properties of a sample are uniform throughout the batch, relative to the analytical precision of the method. More specifically, homogeneity studies of candidate reference materials should be assessed for both within sample variance and between sample variance with appropriate statistical controls. The design and application of homogeneity studies are discussed as they apply to both crushed and pulverised reference materials. Crushed certified reference materials have been utilised by the iron ore industry for a number of years and provide the user with a critical assessment of variances in sample preparation in addition to analysis. Crushed reference materials are similar in presentation to an RC sample and are generally used as discrete parcels of material submitted to the laboratory from the field. Pulverise certified reference materials miss the sample preparation step and are subsampled from th delivered sachet at the point of analysis. This paper compares the relative homogeneity performance of crushed and pulverised certified reference materials by grade across key iron ore chemical constituents. Outcomes are benchmarked to the international standard ISO 9516 (ISO, 2003) for the determination of various elements in iron ores by lithium borate fusion and X-ray fluorescence. Practical implications are discussed with reference to a case study from an iron ore laboratory in the Pilbara.

Sep 18, 2023

By R Wei, Y Peng, D Seaman

This study addresses a widespread problem confronting the mining industry: the deleterious effect of clay minerals in flotation. This problem is seemingly exacerbated by the presence of iron contamination from grinding media. The interaction of clay minerals and grinding media in copper and gold flotation was investigated in this study. A low-clay ore and a high-clay ore were obtained from Telfer to represent different contents of clay minerals, while stainless steel and mild steel grinding rods were used to produce different grinding chemistry, in particular, iron contamination. Flotation tests on an unsized and sized basis were conducted to reveal how clay minerals and grinding media affect copper and gold flotation. Iron contamination and the oxidation of copper minerals were quantified by ethylene diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA) extraction. It is interesting to find that both clay minerals and iron contamination depressed the flotation primarily in fine particles smaller than 33 ¦m, and clay minerals played a dominant role. Although flotation of coarser particles greater than 33 ¦m was less affected by clay minerals and iron contamination, coarser grinding to increase P80 was not an effective way to improve copper and gold flotation for the high-clay ore. This study suggests that to improve copper and gold flotation from clay ores, clay dispersion in conjunction with the minimisation of iron contamination may be required.CITATION:Wei, R, Peng, Y and Seaman, D, 2013. The effect of grinding media on copper and gold flotation in the presence of clay minerals, in Proceedings World Gold 2013 , pp 283-288 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 26, 2013

By J S. Laskowski

Froth flotation process requires the use of frothers. These important flotation agents are commonly characterised as either æselectiveÆ or æpowerfulÆ and are chosen following general guidelines and verification by laboratory and/or pilot plant tests. Fundamental properties of the flotation frothers have been extensively studied over the last few years. These studies have led to the development of standardised procedures to characterise frothers in terms of their ability to reduce bubble size and to increase foam stability. In this research project, the performance of five frothers in flotation of coal is evaluated and related to the fundamental properties of these agents. Since the recovery of water in the concentrate is closely related to the non-selective transport of solid particles by entrainment, the tested frothers are also assessed in terms of their ability to promote the transport of water towards the froth collection zone, both in absence and in presence of solids.

Jan 1, 2005

By J Walshe, G Duclaux, L A. Fisher, R Hough, J S. Cleverley, M F. Gazley

Characterisation of hydrothermal gold systems across multiple scales is increasingly important for our understanding of ore deposit genesis and for targeting new mineralisation. Published work on multiscale mineral system exploration focuses either on applying a single technique across scales or on incorporating a series of techniques across a limited scale range. Typically, these studiesÆ spatial scales vary from crustal to deposit-scale and have successfully linked the distribution and shape of major orebodies to fault systems or varying lithostratigraphy. But, is this scale small enough to answer fundamental questions about the relative timing, processes interactions and mechanisms involved in the formation of ore deposits? We illustrate the potential of a deposit to microscale study, using the Plutonic Gold Mine in Western Australia as an example, to better understand hydrothermal gold systems. Using an integrated approach combining lithological and alteration logs, various geochemical data set, meso- to microscale structural and textural observations and spatial data assimilation, we have revisited the fundamental processes involved in the formation of this significant gold deposit.CITATION:Duclaux, G, Hough, R, Gazley, M F, Fisher, L A, Walshe, J and Cleverley, J S, 2013. A multiscale approach to hydrothermal gold systems - unravelling mineralisation processes at the Plutonic Gold Mine, in Proceedings World Gold 2013 , pp 95-98 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 26, 2013

Most types of nuclear power reactors use uranium dioxide fuel. Power reactors using natural uranium dioxide'fuel are of special interest to countries such as Australia that have their own uranium supplies. A wide range of uranium dioxide powders can be fabricated and the ideal one flows readily, presses without the need for binders or lubricants, sinters to the required density and gives low reject rates at all fabrication stages. Sinterable uranium dioxide is usually produced via the ammonium diuranate route. The A.A.E.C. is aiming to demonstrate production of nuclear grade uranium dioxide from Australian concentrates, improving technology where possible. Details are given of the dissolution, solvent extraction, precipitation, filtration, drying, and calcination-reduction steps. Solvent extraction from sulphate media is also under study with a view to developing a process to produce a nuclear grade product at the mine treatment plant site,

Jan 1, 1969

By D Pateman, F de Fredrick

The Bentley underground mine, which is located 60km north of Leonora, Western Australia, is owned and operated by Round Oak Minerals Pty Limited. A high-grade Zn-Cu Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide (VMS) orebody, Bentley was discovered in 2008 with production commencing in 2012. Long-hole open stoping is employed to mine the steeply dipping ore body, and in recent years the Avoca method has been adopted. This requires all development in a particular area of the mine to be completed prior to stoping commencing in a bottom up sequence. Voids are commonly backfilled with loose Run-of-Mine (ROM) waste loose rockfill (LRF); or alternatively cemented rockfill (CRF) can be used. Stopes in the 3860 AOS and 3900 AOS panels were located below previously extracted Avoca zones, with LRF situated immediately above them. These high-grade stopes were originally designed with rib and sill pillars to maintain control of the existing backfill during extraction. Due to changing factors over time, including mining economics, alternative options to achieve full extraction of the stopes were reviewed, including: • Mining small successive full height stopes which would involve drawing a blanket of LRF down with the extracted ore (stoping under waste); • Stabilisation of the existing LRF above the stopes and implementing a primary/secondary stoping sequence, with the primary stopes backfilled using a cement fill. An assessment of these options was undertaken which determined that the second full extraction method was the most beneficial to the operation, and could be achieved using a cement grout (Minova’s FB200 grout) to stabilise the LRF in conjunction with implementing a sequence where the primary stopes would be backfilled with cemented aggregate fill (CAF). Footwall drives were developed adjacent to the rockfilled stopes, allowing for the installation of horizontal grouting conduits, as well as providing access to the top of the planned 3860 and 3900 level stopes for the placement of CAF. An interval at the base of the previously rockfilled stopes was grouted at multiple horizons to achieve the required thickness, with a comprehensive quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process undertaken. Primary stopes were CAF backfilled via an arrangement of downhole winzes, linking the top of primary stopes to cross-cuts developed off the associated footwall drives. CAF was delivered underground through an open reticulation network that was extended to the specific levels. Overall the successful implementation of the revised mining method effectively increased ore recovery while maintaining control of overbreak and dilution, providing significant financial upside. This was achieved while maintaining effective controls in light of the changes to the risk profile. Stabilisation of the existing rockfill has allowed the extraction of stopes to full height, including the originally designed sill pillars, representing an average 23% increase in ore tonnes on the initial design, with dilution from the stope crowns averaging less than 1%. The use of CAF in association with primary/secondary stoping, eliminating the need for rib pillars, has yielded an average 47% increase in ore tonnes compared to the base case mine design.

Mar 15, 2021

By S Bouzalakos, W Timms, H Malli

Combining ultramafic mine tailings and acidic mine drainage via mineral carbonation to sequester carbon dioxide, presents an opportunity to minimise waste on mine sites. Low pH mine water with trace element concentrations can be effectively treated by high magnesium mine tailings, a useful source of finely ground reactive matrix. By using milled tailings for mineral carbonation, there are negligible energy requirements for communition of ore rocks to reduce particle size. This study aimed to assess the technical applicability of reacting ultramafic tailings and acidic mine water through mineral carbonation technology in the mining industry. Dissolution has been identified as the rate limiting stage in mineral carbonation; hence the study focused on identifying optimal dissolution conditions. Ultramafic tailings (particle size <100 µm) derived from serpentinite ore, were reacted with a typical mine water that was synthesised in the laboratory. Through variances in the solid to liquid ratios and temperature of dissolution, a maximum five per cent magnesium dissolution efficiency was reached at 50 g/L and 100°C. The acidic mine water was neutralised (from pH <2 to pH ~6) and iron, copper and zinc ion concentrations reduced significantly during the formation of solid precipitates. Carbonation was undertaken by injecting carbon dioxide into the magnesium-rich solution to form stable carbonates. The experimental work demonstrated proof of concept; however, dissolution efficiency and carbon dioxide sequestration was low, indicating that further research would be required before larger scale implementation.CITATION:Malli, H, Bouzalakos, S and Timms, W, 2015. Ultramafic mine tailings to treat acidic mine water and lock away carbon through mineral carbonation, in Proceedings Tailings and Mine Waste Management for the 21st Century , pp 133–136 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 27, 2015

By M Carr, C Wheeler, M Lurie, B Chen

The demand for steel products in modern society is prompting the iron ore industry to optimise their operations to ensure sustainability of fines and lump products. One of the key components in the iron ore transportation chain are belt conveyors. The energy consumption of modern belt conveyor systems has reduced considerably over the past few decades, however, there is still significant scope for further reductions, especially when heavily loaded long overland belt conveyors are considered. A new rail based continuous bulk material transportation system has been developed by researchers at the University of Newcastle to reduce the energy consumption of heavily loaded and long overland conveyors. The Rail-Running Belt Conveyor technology is a state-of-the-art continuous belt conveying technology which provides an innovative and novel departure from conventional continuous bulk material transportation systems with significant energy and economic benefits. This paper presents an overview of a Rail-Running Belt Conveyor variant which considers an enclosed belt. Enclosed belt conveying has the benefits of encapsulating the bulk material, and thereby reducing dust emissions and moisture ingress, in addition to being able to negotiate smaller radius horizontal and vertical curves leading to greater flexibility. To quantify the primary differences between conventional conveying technologies, the Denver office of thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions (USA) developed a case study for an 11 km long conveyor. The conveyor design throughput was 2750 t/h and included a small net elevation loss of 10 m. When considering CAPEX the Rail-Running Pipe Conveyor equipment supply cost is approximately 45 per cent of the cost of a conventional pipe conveyor, while savings upwards of US$50M emerge for CAPEX combined with five years of OPEX. The savings vary with the topography and density of the bulk commodity, with iron ore generally showing increased savings because the high bulk density increases rubber losses in conventional conveyors.

Nov 8, 2021

By W Zeng, D Walker, D Cai, E Baafi

"The efficiency of the truck-shovel haulage system is significantly influenced by the truck fleet size. A discrete event simulation model with 3D animation has been developed to estimate the productivity of a truck-shovel network system, shovel efficiency, truck cycle time, truck utilisation and the optimal fleet size. The simulation model considers the dynamic variability of traffic conditions and also the truck as an individual entity. The resulting truck cycle time was found to be realistic and thus providing a better tool for strategic mine planning.Citation:Zeng, W, Baafi, E, Walker, D and Cai, D, 2016. A 3D Discrete Event Simulation Model of a Truck-shovel Network System, in Proceedings Ninth AusIMM Open Pit Operators' Conference 2016, pp 265–273 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Nov 15, 2016

By P Craig, A Crosky, P C. Hagan, E Elias, B Hebblewhite, S Saydam, D Vandermaat

"Premature failure of rock bolts has been recorded at twelve underground coalmines over the past 15 years in Australia. Over the last four years, UNSW Australia has been conducting an Australian Research Council (ARC) and Industry funded linkage research project into premature failure of rock bolts. The extent of the problem was investigated by underground surveys of mines with known prematurely failed bolts using visual mapping, non-destructive load and ultrasound testing. A major component of this project was to define the environmental factors responsible for corrosion of rock bolts. The environment to which a rock bolt is exposed will include groundwater chemistry, the mineralogy of the strata, atmosphere within the drill hole and even microbial activity. This paper focuses on the groundwater survey and analysis findings to date along with in-hole bolt corrosion coupons installed into field sites. Corrosivity classification systems exist for general corrosion but do not apply to the rock bolt stress corrosion cracking (SCC) problem found in Australian underground coal. The method of in situ investigations is leading towards the building of a corrosivity classification model to assist mines in prediction of premature rock bolt failure. An ‘in-hole bolt corrosion coupon’ development by the project may have multiple benefits of: helping quantify any corrosivity classification system providing an in situ ground support corrosion monitoring tool for testing possible corrosion protection solutions.CITATION:Craig, P, Saydam, S, Hagan, P C, Hebblewhite, B, Vandermaat, D, Crosky, A and Elias, E, 2014. An investigation of the corrosive impact of groundwater on rock bolts in underground coalmines, in Proceedings AusRock 2014: Third Australasian Ground Control in Mining Conference, pp 277–286 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Nov 5, 2014

By R McDonough

DTL2 contract C916 was awarded in March 2009 for S$340 M. This contract includes two mass rapid transit (MRT) 1100?m long bored tunnels using two slurry tunnel boring machines (TBMs), with an internal diameter of 5.8?m, two cross passages and 135?m of cut-and-cover tunnels The contract also includes the design and construction of a new underground station including station entrances, subway links, architectural finishes and external landscaping. The station, located at Upper Bukit Timah Road near Jalan Jurong Kechil will also double as a civil defence shelter.The works included significant traffic management in a dense urban area in order to create the working areas whilst keeping the requisite number of traffic lanes. This involved numerous utility diversions and included the removal of a 33-year-old pedestrian overhead bridge (POB) over busy Bukit Timah Road. The station and tunnelling works were completed on time, including a ‘dock and dismantle’ TBM retrieval and subsequent breakthrough of the separating wall.This paper will detail the methods and solutions used to construct the tunnels and stations, with a focus on the requirements for construction of the station to be a civil defence shelter if required. This involved solutions to tying reinforcement and placing concrete to high standards in a restricted space, as well as the incorporation of heavy blast doors and other associated protective measures. The efforts of the management team resulted in the project being awarded first prize in the 2011 Land Transport Authority’s Annual Safety Award Convention and being named winner of the Safety and Health Award Recognition for Projects (SHARP) award at the 2011 Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Awards. As well, McConnell Dowell won a Green and Gracious Builder Award (Excellent Category) from the Building and Construction Authority (BCA).CITATION:McDonough, R, 2014. Design and construction contract C916 Beauty World Station and Tunnels, Singapore, in Proceedings 15th Australasian Tunnelling Conference 2014 , pp 411–418 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 17, 2014