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By Kelly E. G

New Zealand suffers the disadvantage of widely scattered ore bodies, none of which is large enough to economically support its own smelter. This leads to the concept of a centrally located smelter which must be flexible enough to cope with var

Jan 1, 1980

By C. Lupi

In 1996 the Italian Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPA) has initiated a study of the environmental impact of the industrial sector of steel produced by Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Within the framework of this study a hydrometallurgical process to treat EAF dusts was considered and developed. The paper describes the zinc and lead recovery from fumes coming from carbon steel production. The zinc extraction consists in acidic leaching followed by SX-EW steps. The leaching sludge containing lead sulfates was treated to obtain pure lead salt and inert solid residue. The whole process, that minimizes effluents by recycling the main liquid streams, has been developed to obtain marketable products. The solid waste, containing spinels, was subjected to elution tests in order to verify its compatibility with environmental regulation. The process, that has been set-up and tested in the laboratories of the University of Rome, will be transferred and studied on a pilot plant in order to assess its industrial and economical feasibility.

Jan 1, 1999

By Haydn H. Murray

A hydrothermal bentonite located in the high Sierras in Nevada is being mined and processed for use as a natural dietary supplement. Because hydrothermal clay deposits are normally zoned and not uniform in composition, a special stockpile was constructed to assure uniformity of processed products. The stockpile of clay was layered and rectangular in shape. Channel samples were taken from 10 locations around the stockpile and were mixed and quartered to provide representative samples. The samples were then chemically and mineralogically analyzed. The results showed excellent uniformity. The mineralogy and chemical analyses will be discussed in the paper.

Jan 1, 2005

By D. C. Seidel, E. F. Fitzhugh

Nickel sulfide ores lend themselves readily to concentration before smelting or pressure leaching, but neither of the major oxidized ore types-the iron-rich laterites and magnesium-rich, soft silicates-has been directly concentrated. Upgrading of crude ore in current practice is limited to cobbing lumps of the harder, lower grade rock (protore) from the softer, enriched silicate ore, because only a small percentage of the nickel in these ores occurs in discrete, contrasting mineral particles. There is no apparent mineralogical contrast in the superficial, iron-rich lateritic ores and, in fact, there is no firm assurance that the nickel atoms are within the lattices of the limonite minerals, or else irregularly adsorbed on the limonite. Within underlying, "rotten rock" silicates, occasional veinlets of garnierite and related nickeliferous silicates are found.1 The garnierite veinlets are only incidental, and the majority of the nickel atoms occur as erratic replacements of magnesium atoms in the micaceous chlorites of the ore mass.

Jan 4, 1968

By J. A. Meech

"The technology known as Expert Systems is being used within the minerals industry in a wide variety of problem areas. Applications include diagnosis, prediction, training, monitoring and control. Expert Systems provide a way to program computers to imitate human thinking. The construction of such systems is a straight-forward task that can be quickly learned by novices but can require a lifetime to master.To assist in the understanding and utility of this technology, a special manual bas been prepared which operates on a microcomputer under the MS-Windows environment. The manual covers all aspects of Artificial Intelligence of relevance to Expert Systems. A hypertext system allows users to probe as d•~ply as needed to achieve understanding or to simply skim the surface of the knowledge to obtain a quick overview of subjects. The manual was developed under the sponsorship of the Mineral Sciences Laboratory of CANMET and is available from the Mining and Mineral Process Engineering Department at the University of British Columbia. Annual updates are planned to keep abreast of new developments in this rapidly changing technology. RESUMELa technologie: des Systèmes Experts est utilisée par l'industrie minière pour résoudre une grande variété de problèmes. Les domaines d'application comprennent le diagnostic, la prédiction, la formation, la surveillance et le contrôle des procèdes. Les Systèmes Experts permettent d'écrire des programmes d'ordinateur qui imitent le processus de la pensée humaine. La construction de tels systèmes e:st une tâche qui peut être apprise rapidement mais qui peut prendre des années à maitriser.Pour aider à mieux comprendre et utiliser cette technologie, un manuel spécial opérant sur microordinateur dans l'environnement Windows a été développe. Le manuel couvre tous les aspects de l'intelligence artificielle qui concement les Systèmes Experts. Un système ""hypertexte"" permet à l'utilisateur d'étudier un sujet en profondeur ou de simplement couvrir une grande variété de sujet en surface. Le manuel a été développe avec l'aide financière du Laboratoire des Sciences Minérales de CANMET et est disponible au Département de Génie Minier et Minéralurgique de l'Université de la Colombie Britannique. Des mises à jour annuelles sont prévues de manière à couvrir les changements et nouveautés de cette technologie en évolution."

Jan 1, 1993

By Thomas P. Meloy

"The presence of respirable quartz-bearing mineral par-ticles has been well documented in many coal mines, and the Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations address the quartz content of mine dusts. Unfortunately, the correlation between the quantity of respirable quartz-bearing mineral particles and the pathogenicity of the dust is not strong. Work is currently underway by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/U.S. Bureau of Mines and work is being included in the Respirable Dust Center Program by Dr. Seehra to determine the surface availability of quartz in mixed composition mine dusts. However, this paper propose a possible source of surface quartz or a spe¬cial region in the coal that may contribute to the pathogenicity of selected particles in the respirable dust.Assumed in this model is the hypothesis that either the cleat surface is coated with quartz or some cytotoxic sub-stance that in the body is capable of destroying macrophage and thus inducing a fibrotic response (1) that during the frag¬mentation a reasonable proportion of the respirable size coal particles contain some of the original cleat surface and that these particles have the same order of in vivo cytotoxicity as do the quartz particles. It may be that these cleat surfaced respirable size particles are only contributory to the overall pathogenicity of the coal dust, nevertheless, there are enough of these particles to to considered as a potential source of the cytotoxic dust particles.This paper demonstrates that if the cleat surfaces are mineralized with quartz or have a pathogenic coating, then in many mines there will be enough respirable coal dust particles containing some cleat surface to cause a fibrotic reaction. To understand why some of the dust particles contain as part of their surface some of the cleat surface, consider what happens when a beer bottle is broken. While there are a large number of beer bottle fragments, many of the fragments, particularly the larger fragment sizes, will have as a fraction of their surface part of the original beer bottle surface. The model and mathematics of this problem have been worked out by Meloy.(2-4)In the homogeneous IAC model, (2-5) a fragment or par-ticle resulting from comminution is equally likely to occur anywhere in the material being broken. Therefore the probability of a particle of size x having part of the cleat surface in it, p(x), is proportional to x. Thus:"

Mar 1, 1989

By Juliane Medeiros Ferraz

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as etapas, os desafios e melhorias na implantação da área da logística da Companhia Siderúrgica do Pecém (CSP) na primeira Zona de Processamento de Exportação (ZPE) do país que está localizada no estado do Ceará e tem a siderúrgica CSP como a primeira empresa a se instalar nessa área de livre comércio com o exterior. Nesse contexto a logística tem um papel importante e fundamental no planejamento e controle minucioso dos fluxos de entrada e saída de materiais e produtos cumprindo todas as legislações federais e estaduais de uma ZPE. O estudo é realizado através da análise dos conceitos logísticos de uma siderúrgica e das normas e portarias que regem uma ZPE. Os resultados alcançados estão pautados nas sugestões e alterações das disposições legais e na integração entre os sistemas controlados pela Receita Federal com o sistema da CSP. O estudo tem como conclusão que todas as melhorias que foram propostas e alcançadas nessa implantação pioneira, proporcionaram maior eficiência e agilidade nos processos de controle aduaneiro da ZPE voltados para uma siderúrgica, mantendo continuamente a interação entre todas as entidades legais sem impactar a dinâmica operacional da siderúrgica, agregando grande valor para a CSP.

Aug 17, 2017

By Alexandre Rodizio Bento

A segurança no ambiente de trabalho é primordial para prevenir acidentes na linha de montagem do setor automotivo. Este setor busca cada vez mais a modernização tecnológica aplicada nas máquinas e a qualificação profissional para melhorar e aumentar a manufatura das peças e componentes. Para atender a demanda intensa do mercado é importante garantir o rendimento produtivo constante dos trabalhadores no chão de fábrica. Devido a esta necessidade, é fundamental exigir atenção dos trabalhadores para prevenir condições inadequadas ou acidentes. A prevenção contribui de forma positiva a empresa, com maior produtividade e ao trabalhador com melhor qualidade de vida. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta um estudo que aplica métodos de segurança do trabalho como forma de prevenir acidentes no setor automotivo. Os métodos aplicados na linha de montagem são detalhados e analisados para prevenir possíveis riscos de acidentes. Esta aplicação permite atingir os seguintes resultados tais como: minimizar as perdas de horas homem, maximizar a produtividade do trabalhador, reduzir custos com acidentes, melhorar a imagem da empresa perante a sociedade e a satisfação dos clientes.

Aug 8, 2018

By Felipe das Dores Machado

O estudo de simulação do escoamento do aço líquido no distribuidor requer não somente um grande conhecimento técnico dos critérios de similaridade, mas também uma correta aplicação das ferramentas disponíveis de simulação dos fenômenos físicos envolvidos. A complexidade do escoamento, tendo em vista a interação das inúmeras variáveis envolvidas, torna necessário um estudo dinâmico que utilize diferentes métodos que abranjam a visão de um todo do escoamento, aumentando as oportunidades de uma conclusão mais assertiva sobre os fenômenos ocorridos nas reais condições encontradas na indústria. Este trabalho tem o objetivo apresentar uma nova abordagem sobre a simulação da remoção de inclusões do escoamento do aço líquido em modelos físicos do distribuidor de lingotamento contínuo e como resultado será mostrado um estudo de caso comprovando que a utilização de um único método de modelagem física pode levar a compreensões equivocadas do escoamento.

Aug 16, 2017

By Alexandre Dolabella Resende

O estudo do padrão de fluxo do aço no molde de lingotamento contínuo é de grande importância para a siderurgia, uma vez que permite compreender como as variáveis de processo afetam a qualidade do aço produzido. Existem diversas técnicas, numéricas ou experimentais, utilizadas para realizar esses estudos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de simulação numérica, que tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da fração de argônio injetada no sistema no padrão de fluxo do aço no molde de lingotamento de placas. As condições de processo simuladas foram obtidas de diversas máquinas de lingotamento, com diferentes vazões de aço e argônio injetado. Os resultados numéricos foram validados através de um método experimental denominado “Nail Board”. Após a realização do estudo, foram constatadas consideráveis alterações do padrão de fluxo devido à variação da fração volumétrica do argônio injetado no sistema.

Aug 17, 2017

By Thiago Viana de Oliveira Turra

Foi estudado o comportamento do resultado de dureza com o acréscimo de tempo de patamar de tratamento térmico para alívio de tensões, em juntas soldadas com processos MAG e TIG. Utilizou-se o metal base ASTM A743 CA6NM, um aço inoxidável martensítico usado na fabricação de rotores para geração de energia hidroelétrica, e o consumível de soldagem AWS A5.9 ER410NiMo. No processo MAG, foi usado o gás mistura de 96% Ar + 4% CO2, e no processo TIG o gás 100% Ar. Para cada processo, foi soldado um corpo de prova, que foi cortado em sete fatias ao longo do comprimento. Observou-se redução na dureza do estado “como soldado” para o primeiro ciclo de oito horas de patamar. Nos demais ciclos a variação encontrada não tem significância dentro da dispersão da amostragem.

Oct 30, 2017

By Olívia Cristina Petriz Monteiro

A Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) possui uma Oficina de Manutenção Mecânica Central que fornece serviços de reparo, fabricação e manutenção de conjuntos mecânicos e componentes. A usinagem é um dos setores de maior demanda durante o reparo na Oficina e é considerada o grande gargalo entre as etapas de reparo/fabricação. Na busca por uma melhora na qualidade do atendimento e dos serviços prestados, o trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e implementar um novo sistema de medição para o Controle de Qualidade da Oficina Mecânica, reduzindo a demanda de inspeções dimensionais e geométricas para o setor de Usinagem. Com a compra dos instrumentos de medição tridimensional, o Laser Tracker e o Braço de Medição, foi possível aumentar a disponibilidade da usinagem, diminuir o tempo de inspeção de peças, acelerar o processo de decisão dos reparos, reduzir o tempo de entrega dos equipamentos, aumentar a confiabilidade das inspeções, além de e efetuar eventuais serviços de medição em campo.

Aug 8, 2018

By Borkin AD, Yemelyanov MF, Otrozhdennova LA, Malinovskaya ND, Nechay LA, Koltunova TY

The results of investigations of reagent regimes and flotation machines to decrease the losses of valuable components in both coarse and fine particle classes during non-ferrous metal dressing are considered.

Jan 1, 1993

By William Gleason

"It has been more than 10 years since Montana Resources’ copper/molybdenum mine has had a lost-time injury at its site in Butte, MT. With more than 350 employees and an average production of about 15.5 Mt/a (17 million stpy), which includes 29.5 kt (65 million lbs) of copper and 4 kt (9 million lbs) of molybdenum, the mine’s journey to a decade of exemplary safety is an impressive feat that has required hard work, commitment and, most of all, leadership from every level of the operation.It has not always been an easy journey, nor has it been one without scrapes and bumps along the way, but it is one that has produced stellar results. Mike McGivern, vice president of human resources, and Pete Steilman, safety manager at the mine, spoke with Mining Engineering about how the operation transformed from a site that was accustomed to collecting citations for safety violations to one that is now collecting awards for its safety record.Simply put, Montana Resources has made safety a value and the people its top priority.The operations faced many predictable challenges in 2003, when the mine was being brought back online after three years of sitting in care-and-maintenance status. It had been shuttered in 2000 because of low commodity prices and high operating costs, and, in the three years that the mine was idled, the equipment became dilapidated, and some of it was no longer in compliance. Less than half of the workforce returned to the site for the restart, and the team was challenged with getting the gears turning again to produce copper and molybdenum. But the most daunting challenge of all of was keeping the workforce safe during the transition.In the first few years of operation the mine racked up citations from the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) at an alarming pace, so much so that in May 2006, Montana Resources received a letter from the MSHA District Office informing the company that the operation was being placed on the Potential Pattern of Violations list due to its excessive citation history and high rate of significant and substantial citations. It was clear that something significant had to be done to change the course of action at the mine."

Oct 1, 2019

By Ernest A. Hersam

IN every commercial establishment,' it is customary and necessary to take inventory, periodically, and to account for profits and detect losses, to achieve productiveness and enhance efficiency. So, too, in the ordered life of every individual, there is the need of periodic introspection. The exercise of the Sabbath for rational thought, the utilization of pause, or rest, from the technique of daily occupation, orient the efforts. These are the constructive opportunities by which we grow always better than we were. Thus, also, there' is need of a periodic analysis of the organizations to which we belong and toward which we con- tribute. So we find' reason for the fitness of our loyalty. There seems to be no half-ground for the engineer. Whatever presumes to bear his name demands either the crushing pressure of his heel or the supporting pressure of his hand.

Jan 1, 1929

By L. A. Arrington-Webb

The International Standards Organization (ISO) 9000 series of quality standards was published in 1987. First initiated by the British in the mid-1970's to assure the quality of British goods and services. ISO 9000 certification demonstrated the capability of a supplier to meet the requirements of the customer. Thiele Kaolin Company has invested considerable time and money achieving and maintaining ISO 9002 certification. Through a regimen of process control and documentation, routine audits, and a commitment to quality management, this kaolin producer continues to be a competitive pigment supplier in a world-wide market.

Jan 1, 1997

By Ruilin Yang

Kinematic approach of blast modeling refers to using the velocity, strain, or displacement as controlling parameters to model blasting, rather than the stress and the material constitutive relations. The rock stiffness or constitutive relations is very hard or impossible to obtain due to the complexity of the rock mass property.

Feb 1, 2020

By R. Yang

This paper presents a kinematic approach for blast modeling with examples of blast models that were developed previously. A kinematic approach was applied successfully in developing blasting models that can simulate all blast design parameters for field applications. Several applied blasting models have been developed and applied widely in the world. A kinematic approach to blast modeling refers to using measurements of kinematic quantities such as the velocity, strain, or displacement and well-established assumptions to model blasting phenomena, rather than being restricted to use first principal of physics, such as, the stress- and material-constitutive relations. The kinematic quantities are easy to measure in the field. Due to the complexity and inhomogeneity of rock mass properties, using first principles of physics, many parameters of rock and explosive properties must be involved, which are hard or impossible to quantify. This creates a major impediment when trying to simulate the total process of blasting based upon first principles of physics. The 3D kinematic model for muckpile formation was developed and applied to open pit blasts. The multiple blasthole fragmentation model developed during recent years has been applied successfully to many mine sites around the globe. These models are typical examples of blast modeling using the kinematic approach, which enables the models to catch major trends of the blasting process and explicitly simulate full blast design parameters and complex geometries. Blast modeling using the kinematic approach results in easy model calibration and validation against field measurements and effective applications to practical problems. Using kinematic models of the muckpile formation and the multiple blasthole fragmentation model, this paper demonstrates the merits of the kinematic approach for blast modeling. New developments of the models were also presented in the paper, which illustrate the potential of the kinematic modelling approach.

Mar 2, 2022

By Lilly PA, Kavetsky AP

An empirical, kinematic model is developed which calculates the trajectory of individual blocks of rock in a blast, their point of impact in the muckpile and the final shape of the muckpile. The method is based on the determination of initial block velocity and requires input on stemming length, bench height, subdrill, burden, spacing, energy of explosive per unit length of blasthole, energy attenuation rate and resistance to movement. The model, which will form part of a comprehensive blast simulation package, has application in open cut mining in predicting muckpile geometry and the movement of grade blocks during blasting, which in turn impact on shovel productivity and grade control.

Jan 1, 1986

By R. R. Liebenberg, M. I. Brittan

The kinetics of the copper segregation process has been investigated. The experimental strategy used to isolate the rate-controlling reaction step is described. This step was found to be the chloridisation of the oxide copper minerals in the ore. The link between the rate of chloridisation and the overall rate of segregation is demonstrated experimentally. The influence on the kinetics of the various parameters in a TORCO system is examined and the implications are discussed

Dec 1, 1971