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By A. E. Soregaroli, H. D. Meade

"The Keystone porphyry molybdenum deposit, located in southcentral British Columbia, is hosted by intrusive rocks of the Cretaceous Mount Lytton batholith and the early Tertiary Keystone quartz diorite stock. The molybdenite mineralization is associated with rhyolite porphyry dikes flanking a large 1300 m by 2100 m breccia complex. Recognition of the potential for the buried molybdenum porphyry system was based on quartz-molybdenite vein fragments within the hydrothermal breccias.The full extent of the molybdenum mineralization is not known. The few deep drill holes along one comer of the breccia complex defines strong metal zoning of molybdenum and associated elements of F, Mn, Zn, Pb, Au, Ag, Fe and W about the molybdenum stockwork mineralization that may be useful for guiding additional exploration. The best mineralization occurred near the base of the deepest drill hole with 0.114% Mo in rhyolite porphyry near the edge of the breccia pipe at a depth of 1350 m.The exploration history of the deposit has been complex, focussing on both porphyry-style mineralization and precious metal veins and stockworks on the periphery of the porphyry system. Exploration to date has defined an attractive porphyry molybdenum system with uneconomic grades at great depth; however, there remains significant potential to define economic mineralization elsewhere in the Keystone porphyry system and adjoining occu""ences."

Jan 1, 1995

By AIME AIME

EVERETTE LEE DEGOLYER, past President of the Institute and Anthony F. Lucas Medalist, was presented with the John Fritz Medal at a dinner at the Wal-dorf-Astoria Hotel in New York, Jan. 14. Dr. DeGolyer is the third representative of the Institute in recent years to receive the John Fritz Medal which is awarded jointly by the four Founder Engineering Societies through a board composed of sixteen past presidents. In 1938 Paul D. Merica was given the award "for important contributions to the development of alloys for industrial uses" and in 1933 the distinction was given to D. C. Jackling "for notable industrial achievement in initiating mass production of copper from low-grade ores through application of engineering principles."

Jan 1, 1942

By H. Foster Bain

THERE has never been a great civilized nation which did not have a mining industry; civilization cannot flourish without metal mining. Without tools we can have none of the 'industries that are the foundation of civilization and without metal mining we cannot produce the material of which tools are made. Therefore, if we have no metal mining we have no metals, no tools, no civilization. An example to illustrate this may be drawn from a recent article in the Saturday Evening Post which described the run-down condition of modern Athens. Athens is nothing but a busted mining camp! In its palmy days the Greeks so applied the leasing system to the silver mines of Laurium that the royalties, paid the expenses of government and instead of a tax bill the inhabitants received a pay check. The Persians came over to capture these mines but the Greek navy was built to defend them. When the silver mines played out, Greek civilization declined.. Our mining must continue if our civilization is to continue.

Jan 1, 1921

By W. L. Ott, J. E. Hawley, C. L. Lewis

"IntroductionTHE APPLICATION of spectrochemical analysis to metals of the platinum group was advocated by Harvey (3) as follows: ""The spectra of the platinum group metals have been studied less than many of the more common metals. The rarity of occurrence of these elements makes the analysis relatively unusual. Potentially, the analysis of this group is an excellent application of spectrographic methods, particularly in contrast to the tedious chemical procedure"".Wichers (8) divides platinum-metal analysis into three broad divisions as follows :( 1) The detection and estimation of these metals in other materials, e.g., ores, where the amounts present are very small.(2) The detection and estimation of impurities in the refined metals themselves ....(3) The analysis of alloys of the platinum metals .....The present paper deals with the second division: analysis of refined rhodium.Research on spectrochemical techniques for determination of trace contaminants in refined platinum metals was begun at Queen's University in 1949, under the supervision of Professor J. E. Hawley. Since 1953, the work has been continued in the Metallurgical Laboratories of Falconbridge Nickel Mines, Limited. Techniques for spectrochemical analysis of refined platinum and palladium have been published ( 4, 5). A technique for analysis of refined iridium has been developed but not yet published."

Jan 1, 1955

By P. Rambalee

A multiple coal fired boiler house provides steam for utility usage in various production plants. Maintaining stable header pressure and boiler availability is of critical importance for downstream consumers. Advanced Process Control comprising of a G2 based expert system and Model Predictive Control was implemented to improve the boiler house performance. The results yielded improvements in the main header pressure stability, reduction in boiler saturation and significant saving in coal consumption. All information used for this document is from a published whitepaper written and led by Prevlen Rambalee (Anglo Platinum) and Gustaf Gous (BluESP) titled, ?Control and Stabilization of a Multiple Boiler Plant: An APC Approach?.

Jan 1, 2012

By Edward H. Williams

IN the middle of the eighteenth century John Frazier and wife, Sarah Ingraham, removed from Boston, Mass., to Philadelphia, Pa., where he was held in such esteem that we find him one of the Committee which arranged the ball at Washington's inauguration. Their son John. Nalbro Frazier, was prosperous in his mercantile career and fortunate in his wife, .Anne West; who was an important personage in the early life of Professor Frazier. This cultured lady brought into the family an atmosphere of religious enthusiasm, of thoroughness and: of unity of purpose. Her son, Benjamin West Frazier, inherited her traits and displayed them during a. short and active life. Like his father, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was a member of the firm of Zimmerman, Frazier & Co. In their interests he lived for a short- time in Montevideo, and on his return married Isabella Zimmerman, a daughter of the head of the firm. Their happy married life was cut short by the death of Mrs. Frazier shortly after the birth of the subject of this sketch which, occurred October 3, 1841. Mr. Frazier did not long survive her, and left his orphaned sons to, the care of his mother, from whom he had inherited a lovable and deeply religious nature, an : artistic temperament and a capacity for thorough work. Whatever of these traits fell by inheritance to these children were strengthened by the influence of their grandmother, and. the purity of mind, the delicacy of sentiment, the refinement of honor, which characterized. Professor Frazier, are due to Anne West Frazier, and are generally present in the characters of all of gentle blood who have been under the sole and immediate influence of a mature and refined woman. Professor Frazier was educated at the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, and passed thence through the University of

Sep 1, 1905

By FREDERICK MCAKCCOY

THE production of tin from Mexico has never reached the point of being considered a national industry, but the distribution of tin ores is so widespread that there are possibilities that one day it may become of importance. Of the twenty-seven states of the Republic, tin claims have been taken up in sixteen. In all there had been taken up to the end of 1926, two hundred and twenty-five claims, of a total area of about 7400 acres. The first historical mention of tin in the Americas is found in a letter of Cortez to the Emperor, Charles the Fifth, of Spain, which is as follows: Speaking of his manufacture of some small cannon, he says: "For these reasons I took considerable pains to get copper from some provinces of this country, and bought it at a high price in order to get it quicker.

Jan 1, 1929

By GEO M. FOWLER

AN appraisal of the activities of the mining geologists during 1936 clearly indicates the ever in- creasing utilization of geology in the search for ore. Few men with geo- logic training are idle at present; this is particularly true regarding recent graduates. Many have accepted employment in distant fields, such as the Philippines and South America, and greatly increased mineral production from these places reflects their activities. In North America, regions of intense mineralization formerly important are being restudied in greater de- tail and with better understanding; as a result, new mineral wealth is being found in many such districts. Much is being done by private companies and individuals, and it is to be hoped that mining companies will increasingly make available the purely scientific results of such studies by permitting their geologists to publish. On such generosity to a large extent will future advances in ore finding depend.

Jan 1, 1937

By D M. Frantois-Bongarton

"A few situations are first reviewed where practical shortcuts lead to acceptable solutions where none seemed to be possible. These include: The solving of many complex sampling optimisation problems with the simple approach of the worst case policy (WCP). A simple approach to single-stage sampling problems will be mentioned at continuation. In the plants, minimising the impact of border effects in incorrect samplers, so that the resulting samples are approximately correct and acceptable in practice because the bias risk attached to them is controlled. Examples are given, as well as practical tools and a general methodology.Finally, some sources of undue conservatism are reviewed with general recommendations aiming at eliminating them.CITATION:Frantois-Bongarton, D M, 2012. Practical considerations and shortcuts in sampling, in Proceedings Sampling 2012, pp 171-174 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Aug 21, 2012

By C. E. Williams

THE Iron and Steel Division, A.I.M.E., is unique in this country in that it serves all phases of the iron and steel industries. Through its publications, its meetings, and its sponsorship of new technical developments in the industries, it has proved of great value. The various technical committees of the Division are the nucleus around which this service can be developed. The Blast Furnace and Raw Materials Committee has done excellent work. The need for beneficiation of iron ores is increasing and the economics of this operation are developing more and more in favor of increased activities. Ores that are slightly undergrade should be concentrated up to grade to supplant the present practice of mixing with higher-grade ores to bring up the average composition. Marginal ores that are not now being mined, or that are being mined and piled for future use, should be concentrated. The development of the use of sinter in the blast furnace, because of the elimination of fines, the advantage of better sizing of the charge, the resulting reduction of coke consumption, and increased output of pig iron per furnace, will make concentration and sintering become practical ahead of its natural time.

Jan 1, 1936

By Ryan L. Veenstra

This paper presents a modelling study of a cemented paste backfill in an underground stope. The model was developed to help provide a better understanding of what is happening in the stope during the filling stage of the stope. In order to do this, the model incorporates the paste rise rate, stope geometry, and time-dependent input parameters. This paper looks at the effect of geometry in two parts. The first part compares a series of simple rectangular stope models. These models differ in size both in two and three dimensions. The second part compares the results of four 2D models together and then to the field instrumentation data. Part of this section introduces the geometry and instrumentation within the test stope.

Jun 1, 2012

By George Hope, Brigitte Lacouture

"The Red Dog Mine has increased mill throughput for most years since startup. Although flotation equipment has been added over the last 10 years, the Red Dog metallurgical performance has been restricted by a lack of adequate flotation capacity. Two reduced tonnage trials conducted in 1997 as well as numerous SAG relines have consistently indicated the potential to significantly increase both zinc concentrate recovery and grade with additional flotation capacity. Late in 1999, a new circuit was designed with increased flotation capacity while simplifylng the current circuit, providing for three stages of dilution cleaning, and creating a retreat section. The purpose of the retreat section is to target the more complex particles and allow the chemical environment to be fine tuned for improved iron depression. In total, twentyone (21) Outokumpu OK50 mechanical flotation cells and four (4) 3.66m dia. column cells will be added to the current flotation circuit. The VIP (Value Improvement Program) Mill Optimization project is also addressing thickening, water treatment and power issues and has a total budget of $US105 M. Startup of equipment will be phased in to minimize the impact on current operations and is expected to be complete by the end of Q3-2001.INTRODUCTIONRed Dog Operations started production in November 1989. The mine is located above the arctic circle in northwest Alaska. It is linked by an 80 km road to a port-site facility where the concentrate is stored. Concentrate is shipped to markets throughout the world during the one hundred (100) days of open seas. Typical of sedimentary exhalative deposits, the metallurgy proved to be challenging and coupled with many mechanical shortcomings, the initial few years were very difficult. The start-up issues were slowly resolved and in 1998, a major grinding expansion, the PRI (Production Rate Increase) project, was completed. The project was designed to allow a 40% increase over the 1995 throughput. In 2000 mill throughput was 3,050,000 tonnes to produce a total of 960,000 and 140,000 dry tonnes of zinc and lead concentrates respectively, making Red Dog the largest zinc concentrate producer in the world. To address a shortage of flotation capacity remaining from the PRI grinding expansion, a project designated as the VIP (Value Improvement Program) Mill Optimization project was initiated. The mill optimization project is targeted to produce 1,100,000 tonnes of zinc concentrate at 56% zinc grade and 87% zinc recovery. The project will add twenty-one (21) Outokumpu OK50 (50m3) flotation cells, four (4) 3.66mO column cells and address water treatment, thickening and power generation capacities."

Jan 1, 2002

By Paul. D. Merica

I LIKE to look upon the award this year also as a recognition of the importance of metallic materials of construction to the engineer and of the active progress which I believe is continually being made in almost all branches of that field today. It has been said that metals are the material backbone of industry and technology. Well in that case, I suppose we metallurgists are industry's bonesetters. And it is possibly not inappropriate that we should occasionally give some atten¬tion to those bony structures of our industrial activities upon which engineers in other fields hang their manifold and striking creations. What is going on in the field of metals development? Well, in the first

Jan 1, 1938

By M. Salimov, J. Sattarvand

The conventional visualisation method of remote equipment is through the installation of one or more cameras on the machine, and sending a live feed to the operator’s flat display. However, the performance of the teleoperation can be enhanced using better visualisation through virtual reality (VR). This paper presents the process of the design and manufacturing of a robotic platform that will be used in the next phase of the project for a VR-assisted teleoperated excavator. The robot consists of a loading boom and arm arrangement installed on the undercarriage of a CAT300-9D. All hydraulic cylinders are replaced with electric actuators, and crawling motors are substituted by electric motors. The pieces of the boom and the arm, as well as the bucket were designed in Autodesk Inventor, and manufactured from aluminium sheets using a desktop and CNC machine. Parts are joined by pins and welding as needed. An Arduino-based control system is developed for the robot, and motor controllers are used to convert the power commands from the microcontroller to the high-amperage actuators. The control system is capable of communicating with a wireless Play Station controller to operate remotely. The manufactured robotic excavator is planned to be utilised in multiple autonomy research projects.

Sep 1, 2021

By Harry L. Siebert

Pre-splitting was substituted for line drilling to achieve stable rock slopes and reduce excavation beyond the pay line on a Connecticut highway project in 1962-63. Changes have occurred in developing rock slopes that were not foreseen by Alan Bauer and Jim Scott who in the early days understood the relationship of explosive energy to stable slopes. Cushion blasting as currently used produces slopes designed to blend or complement the natural landscape with slope holes detonated after the main body of holes. Pre-splitting is the opposite. The best results have been achieved by detonating the pre-split line of the holes first to allow readjustment of the slope plane fracture and a separate blast for the main body of loaded holes.

Jan 1, 1998

By J. N. Van der Merwe, D. P. Roberts

The two components of pillar design formula being used in South Africa are pillar strength and pillar load. While considerable effort has been directed to the determination of pillar strength, the other half of the safety factor equation, the load, has not received the same amount of attention. The load acting on pillars has always been calculated using the Tributary Area Theory (TAT). This paper summarises the recent studies on coal pillar loading using various numerical models. It concludes that although there are meaningful differences under certain circumstances, there is still a compelling argument to use the TAT in coal pillar design. Les deux parties composantes de la formule de conception de pilier généralement utilisée en Afrique du Sud sont la résistance de pilier et la charge de pilier. Tandis que des efforts considérables on été dirigés vers la détermination de la résistance de pilier, l’autre moitié du facteur de sécurité n’a pas reçu la même attention. La charge agissant sur les piliers a toujours été calculée avec la Théorie d’Aire Tributaire (TAT). L’étude présente résume les études récentes sur la charge de pilier de charbon utilisant des modèles numériques variés. La conclusion est que bien qu’il y ait des différences significatives selon les circonstances, il y a toujours un argument puissant pour utiliser le TAT dans la conception de pilier de charbon. Die in Südafrika für die Auslegung von Pfeilern verwendeten zwei Formelkomponenten sind Pfeilerstärke und Pfeilerbelastung. Während beträchtlicher Aufwand zur Bestimmung der Pfeilerstärke gemacht wurde, wurde der anderen Hälfte der Sicherheitsfaktorsgleichung nicht die gleiche Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Die auf die Pfeiler wirkende Last wurde immer unter Verwendung der Tributary Area Theory (TAT) berechnet. Diese Arbeit fast neuere Studien betreffend der Belastung von Kohlepfeilern unter Verwendung verschiedener numerischer Modelle zusammen. Die Schlussfolderung ist, daß obwohl unter bestimmten Vorraussetzungen bedeutende Unterschiede existieren, nach wie vor ein bezwingendes Argument besteht TAT in der Kohlepfeilerauslegung zu verwenden.

Jan 1, 2003

By Luis Romero, Edilberto Linares, Steve Windle

El yacimiento de Zafranal —proyecto de pórfidos de cobre y oro ubicado en la región Arequipa, Perú— en sí mismo ha penetrado en lo que parece ser un salto dextral sobre una estructura del SFIC. A nivel de yacimiento, se ha mapeado una serie de fallas pronunciadas WNW en la zona mineralizada principal, consistentes con la transtensión dextral inferida. Esta estructura de fallas se trazó en 3-D a partir de las zonas de gubias identificadas en la fotografía de testigos, método que permitió elaborar un modelo estructural de forma rápida y con consistencia interna. La cinemática de las vetas y los patrones de afloramiento trazados generalmente coinciden con las estructuras interpretadas. El movimiento dextral inferido en el SFIC en el Cretácico Superior es consistente con un vector de convergencia de placas hacia el norte, y puede ser utilizado para identificar targets estructurales para sistemas de edad similar, tanto en el piamonte como en la cordillera.

Dec 31, 2019

By William D. Macdonald

The Upper Devonian Kettle Point black shale of southern Ontario is poorly exposed. Structural maps pre-pared from the data of numerous wells show that the upper surface of the formation has low regular relief, and that the lower surface reflects domes in the Middle Devonian and also local subsidence of the Devonian rocks due to solution of salt in the Silurian Salina Formation. The appearance of minor amounts. of marcasite, pyrite, and calcite, m that order, as interpreted from the evidence of concretions from the type locality at Kettle Point is thought to have been influenced by a rise m the pH within anaerobic sediments preceding compaction.

Jan 1, 1960

By R. J. Colony

MINING geology does not lend itself - very readily to a review embracing "improvements in methods," as perhaps do shop practices or laboratory procedures. The "methods" used in mining geology are simply the application of geology to mining; winning the ore, the handling of material, mechanical appliances, all belong strictly to mining proper, and have no place in a review of geology as applied to mining. A comprehensive review would necessarily cover a .very broad field, which could be subdivided into many -parts. Only a few of these can be discussed here. .Those that have been suggested to the chairman indude :

Jan 1, 1930

By Alan M. Jessop

This paper discusses the distribution of frozen ground in the zone of discontinuous permafrost in relation to the pattern of surface temperature. The importance of understanding permafrost in relation to surface construction and open-pit mining operations is stressed.

Jan 1, 1972