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By Tom Gaines, G. S. Brant, J. G. Debanne

"AbstractThe Bonnie Glen oil field, one of Canada's largest, lies about fifty miles southwest of Edmonton, Alberta. One hundred and thirty-eight wells have been completed in this field since its discovery in January, 1952. Five different procedures have been used in completing the producing wells.The reservoir is an Upper Devonian biohermal reef with good porosity and uniformly high permeability. The top of the reef is quite flat but the flanks slope at angles approaching 20 degrees from the horizontal. The reservoir has a gas cap with a maximum thickness of 400 feet, an oil column of 300 feet, and a :porcus aquifer of over 300 feet. The reservoir pressure is now 2,400 pounds per square inch gauge at datum ( -4100 M.S.L.).Because of the high permeability and the high •pressure, lost circulation and resultant blowouts are a particular hazard in drilling at Bonnie :Glen field. To reduce the dangers of blowouts, it is general practice to run casing to the top of the reef. If the reef is encountered 'high' it was usual practice to run a liner and perforate for completion. Wells penetrating the •reef below the gas/oil interface were either completed in open hole or through casing perforated opposite the oil pay, with the former method more frequently used. Eight wells were completed by the Humble-Otis permanent-type completion, and recently five high wells were completed open hole with the gas •cap exposed. This latter completion, 'tubing submergence', has proved highly satisfactory thus far.The open-hole type of completion is cheaper than the liner perforation method and results in better well performance. More experimentation and data are needed before the tubing submergence method can be recommended unqualifiedly. but all evidence thus far favours its use in reef reservoirs."

Jan 1, 1955

By O. A. Ojo, N. Esmaeili

"The effects of brazing and use of composite powder mixture as interlayer material on hot corrosion resistance of brazed IN738 superalloy were studied. Brazing was observed to result in significant reduction in the hot corrosion resistance of the superalloy. However, application of composite powder mixture, which consists of additive superalloy powder, enhanced the hot corrosion resistance of brazed samples. It is also found that although the use of composite powder mixture increased hot corrosion resistance of brazed alloy, if the additive powder completely melts, which is possible during brazing, it can significantly reduce the hot corrosion resistance of the brazed joint. Elemental micro-segregation during solidification of the joint with completely melted powder mixture produces chromium depleted zones and consequently reduces hot corrosion resistance, since a uniform distribution and adequate chromium concentration is necessary to combat hot corrosion. This has not been previously reported in the literature and it is crucial to the use of composite powder mixture for enhancing the properties of brazed superalloys.INTRODUCTION Superalloys have been developed in response to the increasing demand for materials with higher resistance to corrosion and creep and also with higher mechanical strength at higher temperatures (Smith, 1981). Ni-base superalloys are predominantly used in manufacturing hot sections of gas turbine engine components. This is due to their high strength and corrosion resistance in extremely high temperature service environments which is typical for hot sections of gas turbine engines (Miglietti, 2009). The continuous demand for higher efficiency and output has resulted in the use of higher operating temperatures and gas pressure in modern gas turbine engines (Jahnke & Demny, 1983). Consequently, this has caused thermal and mechanical stresses which result in severe degradation and damage of gas turbine engine components due to creep, fatigue and hot corrosion (Zhang, Feng, & He, 2006). The decision to replace or repair damaged parts depends on the overall repair cost and expected life of the repaired components (Jahnke & Demny, 1983). However, in most cases, it is more cost effective to repair damaged parts rather than use a full replacement."

Jan 1, 2017

By J. R. MacDonald

MINING literature contains very few descriptions of operations producing as little as 25 to 30 tons of ore per day. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the gradual development of a mining method for such a small-scale operation at the No. 2 mine of Central Patricia Gold Mines, Limited, and in doing so to review several systems of stoping applicable to narrow ve1ns. MAIN ECONOMIC FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED (1) Overhead.-The outstanding feature of most mines operating on a single narrow vein is chat of small daily tonnage. The reason for this low output can be readily understood. The strictly limited ore-reserves present a condition unfavourable for a policy of large initial expenditures, with the result that the capacity of the plant provided must be governed by the? amount of ore in sight at the time when mill construction is planned. This is immediately reflected in the cost per ton, there being relatively few tons over which to distributed the more or less static charges, such as hoisting, heating, supervision, administration, pre-production expenses, and other write-offs. (2) Development.-In mining this type of orebody, the main factor contributing to high costs is unquestionably the small tonnage of ore made available by a given amount of development. Thus, for example, from the data tabulated below it can be seen chat, assuming a 12-in. vein and a drifting cost of $9.00 per foot, the development charge for this item alone would be 71 cents per ton. Add to this the charges for raising, cross-cutting, shaft-sinking, and pumping, besides charges arising from development in waste, and the figure will be very considerably higher than 71 cents.

Jan 1, 1941

The effect of long term exposure of full size bolts to corrosive environments is presented. A special test rig was used to test four bolts under different loading conditions. Four, X-grade identical profile bolts, each of 21.7 mm core diameters (23.7 mm full diameter) were subjected to prolonged corrosion testing using acid sulphate water. The pH value of the circulated water varied between 3.4 and 4.3. The corrosion exposure test period lasted three and half years. Two bolts were axially loaded to 10 and 20 tonnes force respectively, the third bolt was subjected to a 360 Nm torsion load and the fourth bolt was left unstressed to act as a reference bolt. After the test period ended, the bolts were stripped of their corroded coatings and weighted for weight loss. The diameter of each bolt was subsequently measured, and the loaded bolt samples were first tested non-destructively for tensile cracks and then tested for tensile failure. No cracks were found on post corrosion bolts tested non-destructively. The failure strength reduction on all four post-corroded bolts was significant, varying between 21% and 39%. The onset of corrosion was not confined to the targeted mid-section length of the bolt, however, the severest corrosion occurred at the anchored ends of the bolts.

Aug 1, 2013

By Rui Wang, Engang Wang, En Jiang, Anyuan Deng, Xingwu Zhang, Fei Wang

In this paper, the rectangular strands of Incoloy 800 superalloy were fabricated with a pilot vertical continuous caster in Northeastern University, China. In the processing, an electromagnetic stirring (EMS) is applied on the secondary cooling zone to control the solidifying structure and segregation of elements in the strands. The solidification structure of Incoloy 800 superalloy strands were investigated at different electric parameters and casting parameters. The research results show that the EMS can effectively restrain the dendrite growth and increase the ratio of equiaxed grains in Incoloy 800 superalloy strands as applied a suitable electric parameters and cooling condition in the process of continuous casting. The evolution of dendrite crystallization in Incoloy 800 alloy strands from the surface to its center during the solidifying process was investigated with and without EMS.

Jan 1, 2014

By F. Cheuk, E. Krause, V. G. Papangelakis, G. A. Moldoveanu, S. Abendschein

Systematic studies have been conducted at the University of Toronto in order to evaluate lanthanide extraction from clay minerals from different geographical regions. It was found that rare earth elements (REE) are easily recovered into an aqueous solution via an ion exchange mechanism by leaching with electrolyte solutions containing monovalent cations under ambient conditions. In this study we assessed extraction levels of individual REEs as a function of initial clay composition and leaching conditions. It was found that, in spite of variations in clay origin, all clays consistently reached peak REE extraction levels with fast kinetics. However, terminal extractions were clay-specific. The feasibility of using seawater as a leaching solution and potential synergies with ammonium sulphate as a lixiviant was also investigated. Seawater was found to be inferior to using ammonium sulphate, and provided no observable synergy in leaching performance when used together. The aqueous phase trapped in leached clays was shown to contain significant amounts of REE, as demonstrated in clay washing tests. Techniques to improve the REE concentration in leachate through process variations were investigated. However, it was found that most techniques capable of increasing REE concentrations in the resultant leachate also resulted in reduced REE extraction.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. Oliveira, A. R. Barnes, R. Pandher

Sub-stoichiometric roasting of arsenic-bearing copper ores is a well established practice. However, ores containing calcium commonly prove challenging where very low arsenic levels are desired, but the reasons for this phenomenon have largely been speculative. In the course of treating arsenicbearing copper ores by partial roasting in fluid bed reactors, XPS encountered one of these Ca-bearing ores which proved a challenge to roast to acceptably low levels of arsenic. Mineralogical examination of the calcines using a combination of XRD (X-ray diffraction), QEMSCAN (Quantitative Evaluation of Materials by Scanning Electron Microscope) and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analysis) helped to identify the arsenic bearing species and assisted in developing a workable theory on the sequence of reactions occurring during the roast. With the assistance of thermo-chemical modelling, this allowed adjustment of the roasting conditions to minimise the amount of arsenic retention in the calcine in spite of the presence of calcium in the ore and advance the roasting program to a commercially acceptable solution.

Jan 1, 2014

By X. Cao, B. S. Naik, D. L. Chen, P. Wanjara

AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy sheets with a thickness of 2 mm were friction stir lap welded (FSLWed) at two tool rotational rates of 1000 and 1500 rpm and two welding speeds of 10 and 20 mm/s. The tensile behavior of the FSLWed AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy was then evaluated at low (-40°C), room (25°C), and high (180°C) temperatures. It was observed that the failure load increased with decreasing tool rotational rate and increasing welding speed. The maximum failure load occurred at a tool rotational speed of 1000 rpm and a welding speed of 20 mm/s at all temperatures tested. It was also noticed that at the high test temperature, the samples failed along the sheet interface, i.e. shear fracture. At the low and room temperatures, the samples failed on the advancing side (AS) of the top sheet near the interface between thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and stir zone (SZ). The different modes of fracture observed are associated with the hooking defect.

Jan 1, 2014

By J. M. Paxton, R. L. Roscoe, G. A. McCreary, W. W. Muir, T. J. Drown, D. A. Barr, T. W. Law

"This paper reviews the complete cycle of a small mining operation in a remote section of northern British Columbia, including discovery, exploration, development and production. The discovery of high-grade epithermal gold-silver mineralization occurred in 1969 following a regional geochemical reconnaissance program designed to search for porphyry copper mineralization in the Cassiar-Omineca Mountains. Exploration and development from 1971 to 1979 included geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys; trenching, almost 30 000 feet of surface and underground drilling in about 100 holes and cross-cutting, drifting and raising on the principal goldsilver- bearing vein. This led to the delineation of 100000 tons at an estimated grade of0.9 oz gold per ton and 18 oz silver per [on to an average depth of 120 feet below surface. of a 100-ton per day mining operation employing about 50 personnel with all supporting infrastructure transported to the site by a Hercules aircraft. The operation was subsequently supported by its own Twin Otter aircraft with periodic Hercules campaigns supplying major items including fuel.The mining operation included both open-pit and cut-and-fill methods. The milling operation employed conventional cyanide leach process with cyanide destruction initially by alkali chlorination and subsequently by the Inco SOl /Air process.The fly-in operation, initially structured on a 21-day-in and 7-day-out basis was modified to al-t-day-in and Z-day-out basis with no loss in efficiency and with a significant increase in employee satisfaction. The operation, which earned the B.C. Small Mines Safety A ward in two consecutive years in its Ll-month operating history, emphasized safety and process hazard awareness. Wildlife studies in the environmentally sensitive mine area also showed that industry and wildlife can coexist in harmony.Most importantly, the paper compares the feasibility assumptions with actual operating experience."

Jan 1, 1986

By A. W. Chan

"An interactive computer simulation model of conveyor systems used in oil sands mining has been developed to aid in the selection of mining equipment and the evaluation of operating policies. The materials handling links between supply points, such as bucket-wheel excavators and draglines, and demand points such as bins and extraction plants are modelled in such a way that the conveyor model can be interfaced with any combination of these equipment submodels. Detailed calculations of the power demand of each conveyor section based on operating characteristics and conveyor design parameters are included to permit the close monitoring of energy requirements. Various interactive features are incorporated so that an operator can not only monitor, but also control, the mining operations in the model and experiment with different operating strategies.IntroductionThe interactive simulation model of conveyor systems described in this paper is one of a number of detailed computer models being jointly developed by the National Research Council and Canstar Oil Sands Ltd. on the mining equipment and operations used in oil sands mining. Reference I presents an overview of this whole series of models, their interrelationships and the underlying motivation for their development.A network of conveyors constitutes one of the practical ways for transporting mined material in an oil sands plant. The materials handling links between supply points, such as bucket-wheel excavators, bucket-wheel reclaimers and bins, and demand points such as dumps, bins and extraction plants can be represented by a series of interconnected conveyor sections. For example, the fluctuations of the feed rate at the bucket-wheel excavator, the flow of ore material through the conveyor network and the arrival of this material at the extraction plant can be simulated."

Jan 1, 1982

By Fazel G. Jahromi, Ahmad Ghahreman

"Atmospheric leaching of arsenical sulfide concentrates, and especially enargite leaching, is one of the major challenges within the current hydrometallurgy research area. One of the recent processes developed for sulfide ore treatment is atmospheric leaching in the presence of AF 5, a novel carbon based catalyst, in chloride media. The quantification of different ion concentrations during enargite and chalcopyrite leaching in the presence of AF 5 were measured and the copper recovery rates of 97% and 96% were achieved. The objective of this study is to shed light on the leaching mechanism of the sulfide minerals. Based on the speciation of iron and copper by different titration methods, the AF 5 catalyst first reduced ferric and cupric ions and then oxidized ferrous, cuprous and arsenite ions. The oxidation behavior of the catalyst enhanced the leaching results. The AF 5 catalyst also caused in situ precipitation of scorodite in leaching experiment. The speciation of ions in the chloride media were simulated by Phreeqc software and the dominant species in the leaching solution were determined.INTRODUCTION The hydrometallurgy of copper has been used for several decades and is still under development for more complex copper sulfide minerals due to their refractory nature. Most of the world copper reserves are in the form of chalcopyrite; and enargite is known as a major contaminant. Pyrometallurgical processing of enargite is problematic due to arsenic release and tight environmental regulations (Peacey, Gupta, and Ford n.d.). On the other hand, lower recoveries in the hydrometallurgical processes make most of these processes impractical. Several leaching processes have been developed for the leaching of copper sulfide minerals. Some of the common treatment methods for copper sulfide minerals are pressure oxidation leaching (POX), CESL, Activox, Albion process, atmospheric ferric sulfate leaching, Dynatec, Galvanox, and Hydro copper process (Barr, Defreyne, and Mayhew 2005; Conner and Anderson 2013; D.G. Dixon, Mayne, and Baxter 2008; Hyvärinen and Hämäläinen 2005; Palmer and Johnson 2005; Rohner, Bartsch, and Ngoviky 2012). Generally it is not viable to dissolve copper sulfide minerals at ambient pressure in mild acidic media and dissolution of these refractory minerals requires harsh conditions in the presence of oxidant materials (Biswas and Davenport 2002). Ferric ions have been used as an oxidant in different media in copper sulfide leaching processes. U. S. Bureau of Mines’ Reno Metallurgy Research Center in 1969 (Haver and Wong 1971) investigated ferric chloride leaching of chalcopyrite. Dutrizac and Macdonald (1972) studied ferric sulfate leaching of enargite. Based on this study, 50% of the copper was recovered at 80-85 ºC after 7 days of leaching. Cupric ions can also be used as an oxidant. Parker, Paul, and Power (1981) stated that cupric/cuprous couples are more effective than ferric/ferrous couples in chloride media because they are rapid and reversible. The Hydro Copper process leaches copper sulfide minerals in chloride solution catalyzed by cupric ions. In this process, copper dissolves as cuprous ions in presence of cupric ions (about 10 g/L) (Hyvärinen and Hämäläinen 2005)."

Jan 1, 2017

By K. Horikawa, S. Kitahata, H. Kobayashi

"It has been clarified that the Al-5%Mg alloys containing 200 mass ppm of sodium showed grain boundary (GB) fracture, even when tested at room temperature, as well as at high temperatures (~500°C). SEM/EDX study revealed that the GB fracture was associated with the segregation of sodium on grain boundaries of the Al-Mg base alloys. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the GB fracture at room temperature of Al-Mg alloys was caused by sodium segregation in the solid state. It was also shown that the tendency of the GB fracture strongly depended on the heat treatment; the alloys after the solution heat treatment showed severe GB fracture compared with the alloys after the homogenizing treatment. Moreover, it was shown that the GB fracture at room temperature by sodium segregation was suppressed by the addition of bismuth or indium. The suppression of the GB fracture by the additional elements was believed to be the scavenging effects by forming the sodium bearing compounds in grains.INTRODUCTIONIt is widely known that Al-Mg base alloys containing high amount of magnesium(~5 mass%)show better workability at room temperature, while that the alloys show grain boundary (GB) embrittlement at higher temperatures ranging from 200 to 500°C, depending on grain size(Otsuka, 1984), sodium impurity level(Ransley, 1959, Okada, 1997, Horikawa, 2001)and testing strain rate(Yamada, 2012). In the case of coarse-grained Al-5%Mg alloys (~300 ?m), 2 mass ppm of sodium causes severe GB fracture around 300°C, however, the Al-5%Mg-2ppm alloy does not show GB fracture at room temperature. It has also been shown that the GB embrittlement caused by 2ppm of sodium was suppressed by the additional elements, such as bismuth (Talbot, 1995), antimony (Ueda, 1997) and indium (Horikawa, 2012). Basedon these facts, we have concluded that the GB embrittlement at higher temperatures of Al-Mg alloys is attributed to the synergy effects of GB segregation of atomic sodium and GB sliding. For the GB embrittlement mechanism of Al-Mg alloys, involvement of low melting point metallic phases has been pointed out (Lynch, 2002),since the GB embrittlement appeared only at high temperatures. Up to date, the effects of high amount of sodium addition more than 2 ppm on GB fracture were not fully investigated in Al-Mg alloys. In the present study, the effect of 100 ppm ordered sodium impurity on GB fracture of Al-5%Mg alloys was examined, together with the effect of another additional elements."

Jan 1, 2017

By Olaf Kessler, Jan Kalich, Michael Reich, Julia Osten, Uwe Füssel

Modern automobile bodies consist of different materials, e.g. aluminium alloys and high strength steels. Mechanical joining, e.g. clinching, is very suitable for joining aluminium and steel sheet. But clinching needs a sufficient ductility, which is no longer supplied by high strength steels. Laser-assisted clinching has been shown, to be able to join aluminium and high strength steel sheet successfully. Thereby the steel sheets were heated locally for short times to increase their ductility. Due to the thermal contact between steel and aluminium sheet the aluminium alloys also achieve a local short-time heat treatment. This fact may cause a significant impact, as aluminium sheet in automobile bodies is often used in T4 (or similar) condition and later artificially aged during the paint bake cycle. Aluminium alloys 6016 and 6181 have been short-time heat treated with heating rates up to some 100 K/s. Precipitation and dissolution processes have been monitored in-situ by calorimetry. Mechanical properties have been investigated on as well as after short-time heat treatment by deformation dilatometry. The results show, that suitable short-time annealing parameters during laser-assisted clinching can increase ductility and at the same time act as retrogression for aluminium sheets, resulting in increased strength after aging.

Jan 1, 2015

By T. H. Patching, M. W. Mikhail

"Data from a standardized procedure for measuring methane desorption rates from samples of Western Canadian coals gave a good correlation (0.994) with the percentage of fines (-0.6 mm) found in the corresponding run-of-mine coal. The correlation was independent of the mining method and the top size of the samples. It is suggested that both methane desorption rate and the production of fine coal sizes are functions of the fissuration of the coal being mined.This relationship, in conjunction with established data of degradation by unit process equipment, may be useful in predicting the amount of fines that will be produced from new seams of coal and by planned new washeries. It also could be a valuable guide in modifying existing washery processes to minimize production of fines."

Jan 1, 1980

By Lesley Hymers

First Nations Natural Resources Youth Employment Program PDAC Mining Matters ? Charitable organization ? Provide education to students, teachers, and the public about rocks, minerals, metals, and mining ? Provide current information and offer exceptional educational resources that meet provincial Earth science and geography curriculum expectations First Nations Natural Resources Youth Employment Program ? Provide instructional development workshops for educators who are teaching Earth science and geography ? Since 1994, reached more than 400,000 students, teachers, industry representatives, and members of the public

May 1, 2009

By S. Usui, Y. Shinohara, C. Tokoro, K. Horiuchi, S. Owada

Process optimization of heating and physical separation for Cobalt (Co) recycling from spent lithium ion battery (LIB) was investigated. LiCoO2 in spent LIB was transformed to LixCoO2 which was more easily decomposed than LiCoO2 by heating. Coexisting materials of aluminum and carbon, and sealed atmosphere of the LIB promoted LixCoO2 decomposition. In an atmosphere of Argon, 95 % of LixCoO2 in the spent LIB was decomposed to 76 % of Co oxide and 19 % of Co metal in 10 min at 823 K; a lower temperature than the theoretical value for LiCoO2. The Co oxide and Co metal exhibited magnetic properties and could be recovered by wet magnetic separation. Furthermore, slow heating was effective for grain growth of Co oxide and Co metal. At 2 K/min rate of heating, average grain size of Co oxide and Co metal were 239 µm and 28 µm respectively, whereas at 30 K/min they were 190 µm and 15 µm respectively. Therefore, separation efficiency for Co recovery by wet magnetic separation was increased when spent LIB was slowly heated at 2 K/min.

Jan 1, 2015

By Leslie McHattie, Sadek E. EI-Alfy

"The Maintenance Engineering Department at Carol Mining and Concentrating is currently in the process of introducing reliability concepts such as failure analysis, rework elimination, predictive maintenance, computerized maintenance history analysis, etc. to improve the over-all maintenance function in the mine and concentratormaintenance areas. Some current initiatives include:• Implementation ofan infrared thermographic scanning program.• Ultrasonic inspection of shafts for all critical equipment in the mine and concentrator areas.• Non-destructive testing of all major welds done by maintenance personnel.• Development of an effective vibration monitoring and analysis program for the production equipment in the mine (shovels, drills, haulage trucks, locomotives).• Failure analysis performed by maintenance engineers to identify the root cause of component failures on critical production equipment.• Computerized breakdown analysis to identify the recurring component failures which contribute significantly to high maintenance costs and production loss.• Implementation of a computerized maintenance management information system.This paper will outline the planned implementation ofthese initiatives, and others, and will also cover the status and results obtained to date."

Jan 1, 1992

By A. J. W. Law

"This paper deals with the organization of the central office technical areas and the role played during the feasibility studies, construction and operating phases of Les Mines Selbaie.HistoryThe Engineering Department was originally formed as a part of the Exploration Department, to examine the feasibility of advanced exploration prospects being brought to the company. In 1968, with the discovery of the South Bay property in northwestern Ontario, the department became part of a Mining Division and was expanded, so that it could provide more advanced mine feasibility studies, control of construction engineering and procurement and initial mine design. As is generally the case, the mine design function was handled with in-house capability, while plant, mill and const ruction functions used outside consultants.The 1974 discovery of the Selbaie deposits, started a period o f growth in the capabilities o f the department. The complex nature of these deposits, required that skills were added in the mining, metallurgical and plant areas. During the early feasibility study period these skills were provided by the engineering company of the parent group, but when it was realized that production from the deposits was likely, permanent staff was added."

Jan 1, 1990

By Chris Brothen

The introduction of new technology in mine operations has provided real opportunities for increased efficiencies and production gains which translate into enhanced profits. Computing and network technology usage has become integrated into surface mining operations and on average these investments in technology have proven beneficial for efficiency and productivity improvements. Embracing new technologies however, does not guarantee positive results. The expectations or improvements derived through the technology must be confirmed and clarified well before implementation. Tire Pressure and Temperature Monitoring Systems are an excellent example of an existing technology that can provide full time automated performance measurements of tires operating under harsh conditions and environments. Prompt warnings or alarms signaling when a tire has exceeded operating capacities will provide savings through lowered maintenance costs and increased productivity. To truly quantify the projected savings in tire life, fuel consumption, and increased levels of production, all costs associated with the technology, both direct and indirect must be considered. Apart from the initial cost of the system implementation, ongoing maintenance and support costs must be considered as well as the costs of system integration into existing mine operations

May 1, 2008

By Haruka Takeura, Tomoaki Murata, Kazunari Yoshida, Masato Adachi

"Pure magnesium is a material with high functionality, however, the cold drawing of this material is very difficult, that is why, until this day there are no optimal cold drawing conditions. Furthermore, cold drawing of pure magnesium wire shows a problem with internal defects that occurs under certain conditions. In this research, the aim is the suppression of internal defects, and final target is to create the optimal cold drawing conditions for pure magnesium wires. The first step is the investigation of the drawing limit by using 250°Cannealed wire. As a result, reduction of 10% per pass was chosen for stable wire drawing. However, in this case, it was found that internal defects occurred at total reduction of over 45% during drawing. Investigation of intermediate annealing conditions that can suppress internal defects, and influence on internal defect that the die half angle and reduction per pass. As a result, it was found that the drawing condition capable of suppressing internal defects most efficiently was 13% reduction drawing by using under 6°half angle die. Consequently, it’s possible to manufacture a cold fine drawn pure magnesium wire of 100µm, without defects in the center of the wire and hindering its mechanical properties.INTRODUCTIONMagnesium is a light and high functionality material that has high vibration absorbency, heat dissipation, electromagnetic wave-shielding and recycling efficiency (Conruy, 1989). However, proper cold wire drawing conditions haven’t been established, that is why warm or hot processing is commonly used (Oishi, Mori, &Kawabe, 2005). As a result, strength improvement of the wires is not possible, that is why the production of medical tools is disregarded. If it was possible to cold draw magnesium wires, the applications for material products would expand. Further, in wire drawing such difficult processing material, if appropriate processing conditions are not selected, defects will be generated inside the drawn wire."

Jan 1, 2017