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By Scott Rodibaugh

El presente trabajo describe las aplicaciones representativas de la PPC (pressure-powered centrifugue) en minería, diseño básico, función y la experiencia de aplicación de OEM de motores. Asimismo se detallará ejemplos de desempeño de campo de la PPC como experiencias en un sistema hidráulico de camión minero, un motor diésel de camión minero y una trituradora de mineral que lleva el circuito de lubricación. De otro lado, se abordan los métodos de análisis de laboratorio para detectar los rasgos clave del fluido y evaluar la condición del contaminante.

Feb 1, 2017

Traditional in situ fan flow test methods under accepted standards require determinations to be made of both static pressures and total pressures during testing. This is to determine the resultant velocity pressures, which are vital in the accurate determination of the final fan airflow. These crucial velocity pressure (Vp) determinations are normally determined using simple manometric instrumentation such as an electronic manometer or an inclined liquid filled manometer. There is relatively little noise or fluctuation in the static pressure determinations and they can be quite easily and accurately recorded. There is almost always considerable fluctuation in the velocity pressure determinations though due to the highly turbulent and irregular velocity profile normally found in such in situ installations. This velocity turbulence means that the recording of such data is subject to random human error as the observer tries to average such fluctuations mentally during the observation period. Worse than this, and in the extreme, the recording of such velocity pressure data could actually easily be misreported if, for some reason, persons chose to do so.The author has devised a field method using highly accurate quartz crystal logging barometers to objectively record these velocity pressures. The method eliminates the ability to either mistakenly or intentionally misreport these crucial velocity pressures and is carried out in parallel with the recognised methodology, so result comparisons can be drawn. As such, a far greater level of confidence can be achieved in the final flow performance results than using the traditional more subjective method. Further to this it is difficult and almost impossible to refute the results using this ancillary substantiation method.The accurate determination of fan flows due to the impost of the carbon tax has taken on much more significance given the financial impacts in Australia at this time. The methodology detailed herein can be applied equally for both fan flow compliance testing and the verification of mine airflow data for greenhouse gas emission evaluations.The paper utilises the results of one 24-point pitot traverse to demonstrate the various findings. These include the very wide range of velocity pressures, which were logged at most of the measuring stations. It also illustrates how the method is utilised and compares the results derived from both this method and the more subjective traditional method along with the benefits of logging the velocity pressure results during the testing process.CITATION:Rowland, J A, 2013. Removing some subjectivity from traditional BS 848 and ISO 5802 in situ fan flow tests, in Proceedings The Australian Mine Ventilation Conference , pp 155-162 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Jul 1, 2013

By A. Ross Rornmel

ABILITY to speak effectively is one of man's most longed for and coveted abilities. It is the ability to stand on one's feet, transfer knowledge and thoughts to others, to reach an objective professionally or otherwise by leading groups through a channel of planned thought. Each day group speaking plays an important part in making or marring success, and the engineering profession often provides this opportunity and requirement. An ability to speak effectively develops courage, poise, confidence, and prestige for the speaker. The technical man cannot be reluctant to face an audience. He is often called upon to do this in presence of employees, supervisors, and other groups. His ability to speak effectively is as much a requirement as the fundamentals of his profession. The three fundamentals of effective speaking are: (1) Enthusiasm and Confidence. These are joined because of their close relation. (2) Preparation. This includes knowledge of the subject. (3) Presentation. By this is meant the features of delivery.

Jan 1, 1946

By E. E. AGGER, Arthur Notman

THE proposal has been made in a bill introduced into Congress at the last session by Representative Jones of Michigan that an import duty of 6 c. per lb. shall be placed on copper. This action is urged after eighty years of prosperity for the industry in this country; during most of which copper has been on the free list, and during all of which a tariff would have been without real effect. To comprehend the general situation upon which this action would be imposed, we must refer to the past history of the industry and its trends at the present time. The following table supplies us with a picture of the physical growth of the industry in this country and its relation to that of the world as a whole down to Jan. 1, 1921:

Jan 1, 1925

By Stirling Huntley, L. G. Huntley

THE controversy regarding the ,'probable future of the Mexican oil fields, and its relation to the oil industry of the United States, has led to the preparation of this paper. As has been predicted by several writers in recent papers, certain of the producing areas in the so-called "southern fields" in the Tampico Embayment have only a limited oil reserve. These areas are being pulled on by every pipe line in that region, and the length of time that they will continue to produce is a direct factor of the daily oil shipments of these companies. However, this is not the whole story, and in the following paragraphs an attempt will be made to show that the life of Mexican oil production will be a long one, and Mexican oil will continue to be a large factor n the market for an indefinite time after the areas mentioned above have been drained. The past and present producing fields will be discussed separately, in order-to establish a basis for comparison, the ,only method by which underground reserves 'can be estimated in these fields.

Jan 1, 1921

By C. C. Whittier

CIVILIZATION'S PROGRESS, which has multiplied man's comforts, conveniences, a n d happiness, is based upon the extensive employment of natural minerals and sources of energy. Mineral resources are basic factors in modern economic development, machine industry, international trade and world power. A survey of mineral consumption shows that the United States leads the world in the production and consumption of energy materials, of metals, and of the large and diverse array of earth materials that fall in the nonmetallic mineral group. The use of nonrnetallic minerals exceeded both the metals and the fuels in the long period before the industrial age, but it is only in the last two decades that consumption of non- metals has kept pace with and approximated in value the output of metals. Although the data of production in the first half of the last century are meager and fragmentary, the record of the past fifty years-the period of most rapid growth-is available, and reveals an astounding growth.

Jan 1, 1933

By Gino Vogt

In mechanized tunnelling operations, performance, consumption and safety are main factors for jobsites. One of the most important components effecting these factors, especially in slurry TBM operations, are Slurry Treatment Plants (STPs). Inadequately dimensioned and designed STPs create bottlenecks for tunnelling operation and jeopardize time schedules and performance. Inefficiently planned STPs could drastically increase consumption figures such as electrical power, bentonite, water polymers, etc. Inaccurately selected and treated suspension properties can cause a high-risk potential for the whole project. This paper debates the relevant key parameters for STPs from start to finish of a project and its results in influencing factors from the manufacturer’s point of view.

Dec 1, 2022

By AIME AIME

DATA in this report enable comparisons to be made within the bituminous coal industry and comparison as well with copper and steel in respect to capacity and overdevelopment. The conclusions reached from the data will tend to correct numerous current misconceptions. The data have been prepared by various members of the Coal and Coke Committee of the A.I.M.E., from the most authentic sources avail¬able, and cover the period 1913-1924 wherever possible. CAPACITY AND OVERDEVELOPMENT Table 1 shows statistics for the industry, mainly from the U. S. Geological Survey sources, but partly from the U. S. Coal Commission reports. The mine capacity with equipment and labor as of given date is calculated for each state by obtaining the total man days worked as reported by the operators, and dividing this figure into the total production, getting the production per man day; this figure times the number of men employed times 308 (a theoretical full working year) equals estimated full-time capacity. Two major objections are made to this method-one that the total number of men employed is used instead of the number actually working, and the other that the number of days used only deducts Sundays and five holidays. Covering the first, the same number of men is used in estimating capacity as is used in actual production, and this condition exists at all times. Regarding the second, the opinion is general among coal men that 280 days is as great a figure as should be used, as it is practically impossible to keep any mine working full time at the same daily rate as when it is working part time. The capacity, as estimated on this basis, is much more nearly the true capacity, although even with present railroad efficiency this amount of coal could not be moved.

Jan 1, 1926

By E. G. Dahlgren, Dan O. Howard

THE West Edmond oil field, which covers parts of Oklahoma, Canadian, Kingfisher, and Logan Counties in the State of Oklahoma, is in geographical extent the largest single oil field found in the state. At the present time, its area of 26,800 acres is almost twice as large as the Oklahoma City field, which hitherto was the state's largest field. Many authorities believe that the West Edmond field is the most important oil pool found in the United States since Pearl Harbor. The discovery of the field without the help of geological, geophysical, or other recognized technical information, the fact that the oil and gas accumulated in a stratigraphic or wedge-type trap, and the rapid development of the productive area under wartime conditions are some of the interesting features of the field. The West Edmond field lies west of the Oklahoma City, Britton, and Edmond fields. The field is in an area that has been considered on the west flank of the Granite Ridge line of folding, on which a number of Central Oklahoma's most important oil fields are located. Over a period of years, especially since the discovery of the new pools such as Oklahoma City, Edmond, Britton, and Crescent, the general area of the West Edmond field has been explored intensively by geological and geophysical methods. This led at times to the drilling of a few dry Wilcox sand tests.

Jan 1, 1945

By William H. Waggaman

CURTAILMENT of the mineral industry as a whole undoubtedly will follow world peace, but the output of certain minerals should pursue a course well above the average on any curve of probable output projected beyond the trends exhibited through 1939. Without speculating on industrial conditions in the pending recomversion period, demand for fluorspar should be greater than before the war because of these factors, introduced by or resulting directly from military necessity: (1) Discovery and development of new deposits. (2) Improved technology in benefication. (3) New and expanded uses for fluorspar and its derivatives. The steel industry has been and continues to be the greatest consumer of fluorspar, and it wag largely to meet the wartime needs for steel that the domestic fluorspar industry has been expanded so greatly. Not only were the search for and development of new deposits of this mineral considered esstinal but the marginal nature of some of the,c- domestic deposits made it necessary to improve mineral dressinc and processing techniques to utilize them

Jan 1, 1945

By C. C. Whittier

PLANS are well matured for the joint meeting of the Coal Division and the Ohio Section of the Institute at Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 27 and 28, at which a large attendance is expected. The proceedings for a day and a half will be devoted largely to the uses of coal, the program providing for two technical sessions in the auditorium of Battelle Memorial Institute (505 King Ave.) on Friday, and various plant inspec¬tions on Saturday morning. By way of diversion on Saturday afternoon arrangements have been made for attendance en bloc at the football game between Ohio State and Northwestern, 100 seats having been reserved for the game at $2.40 each-as long as they last. An inventory of the high lights of the meeting would be incomplete without reference to the informal banquet at the Deshler-Wallick hotel on Friday evening, for which Eli T. Conner, Chairman of the Coal Division, is down for a talk, and Howard N. Eavenson, Vice-president of the Institute, will be the principal speaker. The program in detail is as follows:

Jan 1, 1933

By Charles Hart

A STUDY of the various ores that have been discussed impresses one with the need of beneficiation, in many cases. This applies to the ores that have lain dormant, due to necessity for further preparation, or to ores that now find a market due to a changed condition. Processes of beneficiation will come into their own as our richer ores become exhausted. Many efforts at improvement have been commercial failures, due to prematurity. Thomas A. Edison, with characteristic foresight, attempted concentration of the low- grade New Jersey magnetites some thirty years ago. Due to high costs and the discovery of the Mesabi range, his efforts were futile. However, a successful crusher, designed by Mr. Edison, resulted from this attempt. Agglomeration of concentrates had not, at that time, been brought to its present efficiency, when sinters and briquettes of excellent physical condition are obtainable. Recent efforts in the beneficiation of the lean magnetites of the East Mesabi resulted in an excellent sinter, but that operation is also ahead of its time.

Jan 1, 1929

By Charles Will Wright

Brief descriptions of the occurrence of the various deposits of strategic minerals then known in South America are published in "The Mineral Deposits of South America," by B. L. Miller and J. T. Singewald, 1919; in "Ores and Industry in South America," by H. F. Bain and T. T. Read, 1934; and in many publications on the individual countries. To give a gen.era1 idea of the situation today and possibilities for future output of strategic minerals in several of the countries, the following notes are offered. All tonnages are in metric units.

Jan 1, 1940

By John C. Cosgrove

IT was just five minutes past midnight, on Wednesday, Jan. 5, 1938, that Mrs. Cosgrove and I sailed from New York City. Our trip was to completely circle the globe, to cover over 40,000 miles and stop at thirty ports-from New York to Trinidad, to South America, via South Africa to the Orient, to India, to the Malay States, to Indo-China, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, and across the Pacific home via Honolulu. It is not my intention to make this a complete, technical study of coal or coal mining in the various countries that .we visited but more to outline the general in- formation that the mining engineer and coal operator would absorb in his travels. Coal is the universal fuel and is in use wherever there is commerce and industry. Even on our ship, which, like practically all ocean liners was an oil-burner, a considerable quantity of coal was used for cooking.

Jan 1, 1939

By Charles Will Wright

MINERAL production in almost all European countries suffered a sharp setback because of the war. Plants were damaged, transportation facilities disrupted, and labor dispersed and demoralized. Since the war, due to lack of confidence and economic stability, there has been little incentive to rebuild and expand the mineral industries even though a big demand at high prices exists for mineral products. Most mining and metallurgical companies in Europe hesitate to invest their capital because of the tendency towards nationalizing industry, high taxes, and low output of labor, as well as the deficiency of mine supplies and equipment within their countries. In short, they do not have faith in the future, and for these same reasons and fears most of the mining companies in America will not risk capital investment in Europe. In Europe, including the United Kingdom, free enterprise has been losing ground and as a result the foundation of their economic welfare is being undermined. American mining interests willing to take the initiative could help in counteracting this influence if a way were found for them to co-operate with the European producer without too great a risk.

Jan 1, 1948

By Albert F. J. Bordeaux

(Cleveland Meeting, October, 1912.) THE immediate vicinity of the sea-shore, affording special facility for the exportation of ores, makes it possible to work certain mines in the Vladivostok district, which, in more remote places of Siberia, would remain unproductive. Outside of the city of Vladivostok the population is small and the country is very little prospected. Additional discoveries of valuable deposits like the large body of calamine which has recently been opened in the neighborhood of earlier worked lead-silver ores, in the Tetiuhe valley, are still in the field of possibilities. For many years gold alone was produced, in part from the coastal rivers and in part from a quartz-vein on Askold island near Vladivostok. But the production is diminishing, and prospectors are looking for other rivers in the interior, such as the tributaries of the Ussuri. These rivers are now more accessible than formerly, due to the slow but gradual development, of colonization by the Russian peasants. The few natives of the country, called Orodjones, are of the Chinese race. They resemble the North American Indian and are hardy fur-hunters. They have given some attention to placers and have already shown good specimens of gold-dust from the rivers Iman, Bikin, Noto, etc. Coal-mining was begun in the Vladivostok region more than 20 years ago, but in a somewhat irregular way. The industry is not as yet important and the best coal-seams are badly prospected, or ire even neglected. Copper, lead, and iron exist in several places. The amounts give some encouragement to the anticipation that the discoveries will give rise to important metallurgical works. I here present a review of the various deposits, based upon such safe information as is in hand, when I have not drawn upon my personal observations. Fig. 1 is a snap of Eastern Siberia, showing the mineral deposits.

Oct 1, 1912

By M. L. Requa

EVERY forward step in civilization brings with it an increase in population and increasing demand for raw materials. Modern civilization, because of its industrial development, depends more and more for its well-being on ample supplies of raw materials; the higher the type of that civilization, the greater its dependence. No fact is more obvious than that the raw materials should be put to use with greatest prudence and efficiency. National life is not a matter of a decade or a century. Conservation is no longer a matter for political discussion; it is a vital element in the future welfare of all nations. Unfortunately, to the minds of many, conservation means the locking up of natural resources, their arbitrary withdrawal, bringing about, in short, a condition of industrial stagnation. This has occurred in past centuries through misdirected governmental effort. Two eminent engineers have variously defined conservation as follows:

Jan 1, 1925

By L. Aspola

The platinum group metals (PGMs), i.e. ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, are typically found in association with each other, but also importantly, with nickel and copper. Typically Platinum and palladium have the greatest economic significance and other PGMs are typically produced as co-products of these. With recent increases in the value of nickel, cobalt, and the PGMs and an ever increasing focus on the sustainable use of metals, interest in the processing of secondary feed material sources and metal-bearing residues has also substantially increased. As an efficient, proven, and environmentally sound technology Outotec Ausmelt Top Submerged Lance (TSL) Technology has gained commercial acceptance in the nickel industry, including PGM recovery. For the processing of nickel- and PGM-bearing feed materials, five Outotec Ausmelt Furnaces at four sites are in operation. Two of these furnaces are located in Rustenburg, South Africa, which is by far the biggest mine-based producer of platinum. Outotec also has hydrometallurgical processes available for further treatment and extraction of PGMs, which are also briefly discussed.

Jan 1, 2012

By Herbert Hoover

I HAVE been greatly honored as your unanimous choice for President of this. Institute, with which I have been associated during my entire professional life. It is customary for your new President, on these occasions, to make some observation on matters of general interest from the engineer's standpoint. The profession of engineering in the United States comprises not alone scientific advisers on industry but, in great majority, is comprised of the men in administrative positions. In such positions, they stand midway between capital and labor. The character of your training and experience leads you to exact and quantitative thought. This basis of training in a great group of Americans furnished a wonderful' recruiting ground for service in these last years of tribulation. Many thousands of engineers were called into the army, the navy, and civilian service for the Government. Thousands of high offices were discharged by them with credit to the profession and the nation. We have in. this country, probably, one hundred thousand professional engineers. The events of the past few years have greatly stirred their interest in national problems.' This has taken practical. form in the maintenance of joint committees for discussion of these problems and support to a free advisory bureau in ,Washington. The engineers want nothing for themselves from Congress.. They want efficiency in government, and you contribute to the maintenance of this bureau out of sheer idealism. This organization for consideration of national problems has had many subjects before it, and I propose to touch on some of them this evening.

Jan 1, 1920

By U König

The use of high speed detectors made X-ray diffraction (XRD) an important tool for quality and process control in the mining industries. Besides knowledge about the mineralogy of a sample it provides useful information in terms of quantification of the crystalline phases and the amorphous content. Cluster analysis of XRD data can facilitate multi-dimensional mapping of ore deposits and drill cores, identifying regions of favourable mineral compositions. The studies of this paper demonstrate how XRD and data clustering can be used for grade control, process optimisation and quality control of iron ores and iron ore sinters. These new developments have an enormous potential as an inexpensive, reliable tool, useful in the characterisation of iron and sinter materials implemented in an industrial environment.

Jul 11, 2011