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Mineral exploration and mining in New Zealand has had almost five years of new legislation. The requirement for different consents is a challenging, time consuming, expensive exercise but in most cases the new procedure is working, although the matter of obtaining access to land is still a major issue. Priority is critical. After lodgment of an application for a minerals permit there are many other matters to address such as identifying land owners, occupiers and administrators, preparation of access applications, consultation and preparation of various resource consent applications.

Jan 1, 1996

By Edmund J. Cardoza

The Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD) provides water and wastewater services to the Greater Detroit Metropolitan Area. Sewerage is treated at the DWSD Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located at 9300 W. Jefferson Street south of the City of Detroit, Figure 1. PARTICIPANTS Engineering and design of the project for the DWSD was performed by Harza Engineering Company, Inc., C.C. Johnson & Malhotra, P.C. and their sub-consultants, including Worley Engineering and Wade Trim. The Prime Contractor is a Joint Venture of Traylor Brothers, Inc. and Jay Dee Construction. The shaft drilling and riser installation was performed by The Millgard Corporation in joint venture with the Prime Contractor (MTJD). The selection of specialized drilling equipment and the supervision and performance of the access shaft and riser installations was primarily the responsibility of The Millgard Corporation (TMC).

Jan 1, 2001

The purpose of this paper is to provide some practical commercial advice in relation to issues of access and trespass during exploration. It is not my intention to provide a detailed analysis of the applicable law because this is not the appropriate forum for latin maxims and turgid case studies. Instead I will explain the issues in sufficient detail to enable those who are not familiar,with the legal concepts to understand their obligations and responsibilities in relation to exploration activities. Take as an example a situation where a company (for the sake of attempted light relief, called Rogue Mining) holds an exploration tenement adjacent to one held by Lamb Exploration. In conducting aerial exploration activities over its own tenement Rogue overflies the tenement held by Lamb, doesn't turn off its equipment and accidentally collects data in respect of the adjacent land. In analysing that data it becomes apparent to Rogue that there is a substantial anomaly on the adjacent land of which Lamb is apparently unaware. Rogue subsequently negotiates to purchase an interest in Lamb's tenement.

Jan 1, 1995

The Crown Minerals Act 1991 has introduced some significant changes to the New Zealand mining industry, not the least of which relate to the ability of miners to obtain access to land to conduct mining activities. This paper briefly reviews the relevant provisions of the Crown Minerals Act dealing with access arrangements, considers some typical features of access arrangements and examines a number of areas where problems may arise.

Jan 1, 1992

The mining industry worldwide relies upon the identification of resources that can be economically developed and operated. Access to land is paramount through all stages of the exploration, development, operation and rehabilitation stages. Clear rights to use of land for the purposes of mining must be available and protected throughout the life of the project. Stable and enduring criteria for mining of the resource, once identified, are required to attract exploration and development expenditure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the varying approaches to granting access to land for use for exploration and mining development, including the processes by which a project is approved by community and government and the time scale for such approval. The paper concentrates on the legal issues arising throughout this process. The law is stated as at September 1997.

Jan 1, 1997

The subject `access to land' is often seen as an item high on the list of matters of concern to mining interests not only in New South Wales but throughout the whole of Australia and other countries. Just what are the problems/issues of access to lands today? What is being done about them? What can be achieved? What is practical to achieve? And where does New South Wales sit in relation to all this? These and a range of other issues are addressed in this paper.

Jan 1, 1995

Access to land for exploration, development and mining purposes is extremely critical to the viability of the mining industry and subsequently the well being of society.The mining industry has been subject to environmental controls and considerations for the past 20 years. Today there is greater land use competition and more debate as to its use. To retain reasonable access the mining industry must comply with the rules and regulations by which it is governed.A new set of rules and regulations have been approved for use in Queensland, known as the Mineral Resources Act 1989. This Act clearly outlines the titles available and the requirements to obtain access.There are three main titles of interest to mining companies. These are an Exploration Permit, Mineral Development Licence and a Mining Lease.The Exploration Permit (EP) is for exploration purposes. Applications for EP's are assessed on their content and past performances. An EP is granted subject to a security deposit and conditions. Prior to entry the EP holder is required to inform the land owner of the proposed activities and times of entry.

Jan 1, 1990

By D A. Vogel

"Sampling may be mandatory for safety or environmental reasons. It may be because the value of a sale needs to be determined or to provide important data for investments. Whatever the reason, an incorrect sample will come at a risk. Only the person that relies on sampling data can imagine what the potential cost of such risk is.Sampling itself has a cost too; the direct cost of a quality control department and indirect cost for interrupting a process, such as stopping a conveyor belt during loading. If all material is the same then only one small sample is enough. But if all the material is different, then a very large sample must be tested; in the conveyor belt scenario it must be stopped very frequently and the associated cost will be high.A good sampling plan finds the proper balance between risk and cost. A good sample must be small enough to handle yet large enough to be representative for what information is required. All good samples have three things in common: there was proper access to the material the sampling tool allowed equal probability of particles being selected nothing was disregarded, everything was included.This too is the core of Gy’s ideal sampling scenario, where all particles have the same probability of being selected and included in the sample. There is risk of bias when part of a lot is excluded from the sample. Extra care is needed when sampling particularly heterogeneous, segregated or layered materials. The sampling tool should never systematically leave out a portion; it shall not push aside large or hard particles. Wet samples shall not stick to the sampling tool. This extends to sample preparation too when reducing particle size and dividing the sample in the process.CITATION:Vogel, D A, 2017. Access, select, include – a review of the commercial sampling of traded bulk commodities in the context of Gy’s Theory of Sampling, in Proceedings Eighth World Conference on Sampling and Blending, pp 367–378 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

May 9, 2017

By W. Burger

For the development of deep, hard rock, mines fast access to the orebody is critical. In some cases the mineralized area is more than 1,500 m (5,000 ft) below surface. Excavation of shafts or declines is typically on the critical path of the project schedule. Saving time on those activities can significantly increase the net present value of the mining project. Mechanical excavation methods are a step-change in excavation performance and labor safety compared to drill-and-blast operations. In hard rock conditions, roadheaders cannot be used effectively, so disc cutting is the first choice. For excavation of declines, tunnel boring machines (TBM) can be used in many cases. These provide, in certain rock conditions, considerably higher production rates com-pared to drill-and-blast excavation. Herrenknecht AG has developed a vertical shaft sinking machine (VSM) that is able to excavate shallow shafts in soil and medium soft rock. The ground is excavated by a roadheader boom. The muck is removed by a slurry system or a pneumatic system in combination with hoisting of skips. These machines have been applied successfully on shafts down to 100 m (300 ft). A pre-sink for a deep mine shaft has been excavated by this technology. For deep, hard rock shafts, a new shaft boring system has been developed by Herrenknecht AG in collaboration with Rio Tinto. Based on proven technologies, the system uses a unique arrangement of existing proven technologies. The system integrates excavation, mucking, primary rock support, installation of the final lining and shaft infrastructure. This new system improves the health and safety of shaft construction. Detailed performance estimates indicate significantly higher shaft construction rates are possible compared to conventional shaft sinking methods.

Jun 1, 2010

Publicize the valuable information resources covering research conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) and other federal laboratories that may be of interest to USBM customers. Access to this information is important for promoting further research and in transferring the technology to the end user. USBM Information Resources The USBM serves as the Nation's premier agency for mining- and minerals-related research. In sharing the benefits of this research with American industry and the American people, the USBM supports information systems outlining this vast array of technical knowledge. The USBM is dedicated to making its technology readily available and will continue to expand its electronic communications capabilities. The following resources provide instant access to USBM information. U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin Board. The Bulletin Board is a free service accessed by computer modem. All that you need are a computer, a modem, and communications software. The telephone number for the Bulletin Board is 202-501-0373; for information on using the system call 202-501-0406. Use X-modem protocol set to 1200, 2400, or 9600 baud, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit (8,N,1). The information on the system can be viewed or downloaded. This service includes the following: announcements on Bulletin Board and other USBM activities; mineral news, features, and press releases from the Bureau's Office of Public Information; a list of recent publications and articles by USBM authors; mineral commodity data and Mineral Industry Survey reports; USBM Technology News, concise factsheets announcing milestones in USBM research and technology; a current list of computer products available from the USBM and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS); and a listing of cooperative research opportunities with the USBM.

Jan 1, 1995

By Richard Pizzi

Built in 1806, Boston's African Meeting House is the oldest surviving Black church building in the country. A $7 million dollar renovation was begun in 2006 to restore this historic building to its 1855 appearance and to modernize the building's accessibility, electrical and mechanical systems. As part of the restoration, an underground utility room and elevator tower, needed to provide handicap access to the Meeting House, were constructed. Extending up to 17 feet below the foundations of the abutting buildings, the utility room was constructed within one foot of some of Boston's oldest and most expensive residences. All equipment and materials had to enter the work area through a narrow alley rendering conventional methods of excavation and construction of earth support using heavy equipment unfeasible. A unique combination of micropiles, structural cap beam, internal struts and shotcrete facing was designed and constructed to provide the permanent and temporary support of the lateral loads from the earth pressures and adjacent building surcharges and the vertical loads from the elevator tower. The narrow and congested streets of the Beacon Hill neighborhood presented many day-to-day challenges for the contractor.

Jan 1, 2011

Within the research project "Mine Development" funded by the "Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) " (funds for scientific research) between 1991 and 1993 150 underground hardrock mines in Europe, Northern America, Australia and Japan have been visited to analyze their general design and layout. The main aim of the project was to develop strategies for accessing new underground hardrock mines and to establish a mine planning database. The investigation included mines in high developed countries only, with a comparable labor cost situation. This paper presents the results of one part of the project, which deals with investigations into the influence of different parameters on the design of the primary access for a mine.

Jan 1, 1995

By H. W. Hunt

Accessories are increasingly used to protect and extend H, pipe, precast concrete, timber, and sheet piles for any soils conditions. With point protection, piles can be driven through boulders, layered rock, garbage dumps, and waterfront debris to provide dependable support for all types of structures. Splicers for pipe piles can be tapered for a water-tight drive-fit that does not require welding. The pipe splicer can be made applicable to precast concrete piles. Splicers for H make the long pile as strong as an unspliced length with only simple welding. Transition splicers quickly connect different types or sizes into efficient composite piles.

Jan 1, 2010

By P. Venkatasubramanian

The aerospace and nuclear industries have been applying systematic techniques for assessing the safety of complex technical systems for many years. These techniques such as fault tree analysis, failure mode, and effect analysis, etc., and more recently "expert systems," were developed to formally evaluate systems safety and to determine how hazards can he reduced. The application of formal methods such as expert systems has the potential for further reduction in both frequency and the consequences of mine accidents. This paper presents a general expert system model of diagnostic reasoning and describes its use as an inference method for analysis and problem identification for accidents due to the presence of an open cycle diesel-powered mine cars in underground coal mines.

Jan 1, 1987

By J. F. Myers, S. E. Sharp

THE safety data presented in this paper are based upon replies to a Questionnaire sent out to representative mining companies. The authors feel that it is a fair cross section of the milling industry, in that the 17 companies, of the United States and Canada, reporting on 22 mills, are scattered from the Hudson Bay to the Mexican border and from coast to coast. These data concern the accident records of the. various plants from 1939 to 1944, inclusive and the six years are divided into two periods. The first period (1939, 1940 and 1941) represents something of a normal operating condition. The second period (1942, 1943 and 1944) represents the period of time that was most affected by war con¬ditions. During the second period there was a high labor turnover, inexperienced workers were numerous, women replaced men in many kinds of work, a labor shortage existed more or less throughout the industry, and supervision was pushed for peak production. All of the companies reporting compiled their accident experiences for these six years in accordance with the standards set up by the American Standards Association (Engineering Societies Building, New York, N. Y.), consequently the tabulated data presented herein are comparable. The authors of this paper feel that the industry as a whole is greatly indebted to the personnel of the companies that furnished these data, which make this study possible for presentation. This survey covers a total exposure of 74,528,880 man-hours, with 105,471 man-days of lost time from 870 accidents. SAFETY RECORDS In Table I, the safety record is shown of the various mills reporting. The severity rate is usually conceded to be the most vital statistical figure in safety parlance, therefore the participating companies are listed in order of their severity rate for the combined six-year period, under size of organization. The table also shows the frequency rate as well as the frequency-severity ratio (F/S). As noted in Table 1, most of the companies suffered an increase in both severity and frequency rates during the second period; only six of the 22 enjoyed an improvement. From correspondence with the various plants, it seems that a few had very little labor shortage or turnover, and these were not greatly affected. A few plants, anticipating the situation, strengthened their training facilities and actually were able to show a better experience during the second period. This gives great credence to the value of organized training in any safety program. The frequency-severity ratio (F/S) shown in the last column of Table I offers

Jan 1, 1946

By Ralph H. Cleland

GENERALLY speaking, the Industry lost ground in 1941 in its accident experience. Though the frequency of compensation accidents was but slightly higher than in the previous year and well below past experience, our fatality rate shot up to that obtaining in 1938, and the average cost per man employed was the highest for some time. The number of fatalities was 56 in 1941 as against 33 in 1940. The average cost of compensation per man employed was $34.25 in 1941 as against $28.43. There was but a slight increase in the number of men employed. Accident prevention efforts were maintained, as shown by our frequency, but our accidents were of a more serious nature. In a period of considerable labour turnover, with many new men entering the Industry, especially the base-metal division, and much mental distraction, we might well have expected a high rate of accidents. That this did not occur is a tribute to managers, supervisors, and workmen alike. We all regret the high fatality rate and one must consider why this occurred. So far as it is possible to determine, there is no apparent explanation. There were no disasters. The accidents occurred to the same class of work-men, both in respect to jobs and age groups, and from the same age-old causes that we all know so well. Luck is a big factor in the seriousness of an accident; the solution lies in preventing accidents, even first-aid cases. Generally speaking, if minor accidents do not occur, major accidents do not occur.

Jan 1, 1942

By Kirk L. Prather

Why discuss techniques of accident prod lot on? Would it not be more useful to discuss means to reduce accidents? This discussion will answer these questions by suggesting ways in which effective accident prediction techniques improve the ability to foresee and prevent accidents. Accident Prediction Process The secret to accident prediction is to utilize the tendency for history to repeat itself. The same circumstances and the same human behavior that produced accidents in the past tend to produce accidents in the present and the future. The ability to predict accident occurence in the future by projecting from the past is a statistical process. In a bookmaker's jargon this means "playing the odds" or "the percentages". A horse or a sports team may be beaten on any given day, but by skillfully assessing the factors of past performance and assigning odds, many clever bettors make money in the long run.

Jan 1, 1973

By Harold L. Bare, Frank R. Barnako

Coal mining historically has been a hazardous occupation but, in recent years, tremendous progress has been made in reducing accidental coal mine deaths and injuries. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the basic principles of accident prevention as they are related to coal mining. Accident prevention fundamentals are no different for coal mining than for any other type of work. The fundamentals apply to all industries. Construction workers may be struck by falling tools and materials, and miners may be struck by falling slate and coal. Sailors may be trapped by shipboard fires, and miners may be trapped by mine fires. Railroad brakemen may lose hands and fingers positioning couplers, and miners may lose hands and fingers positioning couplers. Many other examples could be cited, but the point is that accidents that happen in coal mines are basically similar to accidents that happen in other industries. Thus, the basic principles for preventing accidents apply in coal mining as they do in any other type of work. COAL MINE ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE The US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) is the main source for accident experience data in coal mines. Coal mine operators are required, by law, to forward to MSHA monthly the number of fatal and disabling injuries, man-hours worked, and tons of coal mined. This information is compiled and published quarterly, with annual summaries, by MSHA. Trends in the number of fatalities and fatal injury rates are shown in Fig. 1. Major coal mine disasters, with number of miners killed, and dates of coal mine safety legislation are shown in Table 1. The fatal and disabling injury frequency rates for the coal industry are shown in Fig. 2.

Jan 1, 1981

By Walter E. Montgomery

ACCIDENT-PREVENTION work in years gone by has been carried on by many mine managers as a philanthropic movement, but in recent years they have come to realise that Safety is good business and pays tangible dividends. Let us begin with the word itself. We are told that an accident is "any-thing occurring unexpectedly, undesignedly, or without known or assign-able cause'. It is further explained that it is any 'unpleasant or unfortunate occurrence involving injury, loss, suffering, or death", and, finally, "any unintentional or non-essential circumstance". We admit that accidents are unfortunate, unpleasant, unintentional, and they generally happen undesignedly and to a great degree unexpectedly, but to say that they happen "without known or assignable cause" leads us to believe that the word 'accident' is often misused. Would it not be more correct to say that a man suffered a "personal injury"? The word 'accident' in its proper sense implies something over which no one has any control, but when the majority of all so-called accidents are analysed we arrive at the incontestible fact that some act or action, previous or present, was the underlying cause. As long ago as the year 1556 this fact was mentioned by Georgius Agricola, who, in writing a paper on metallurgy, aptly stated, "It remains for me to speak on the ailments and accidents of mines, and of the methods by which they can guard against these, for we should always devote more care to maintaining our health, that we may freely perform the functions of our body, than to making profits". Farther on, Agricola relates in more detail, "Sometimes workmen slipping from ladders into the shafts break their arms, legs, or necks, or fall into the sumps and are drowned; often, indeed, the negligence of the foreman is to blame, for it is his special work both to fix the ladder so firmly to the timbers that they cannot break away, and to cover so securely with planks the sumps at the bottom of the shafts, that the planks cannot be moved nor the men fall into the water; wherefore the foreman must carefully execute his own work. Moreover, he must not set the entrance of the shaft-house toward the north wind, lest in winter the ladders freeze with cold, for when this happens the man's hands become stiff and slipping with cold, and cannot perform their office of holding. The men, too, must be careful that, even if none of these things happen, they do not fall from their own carelessness'.

Jan 1, 1938

By James J. Holmes

ACCIDENT prevention as we know and understand it today is of comparatively recent origin. As a matter of fact, the Industrial Accident Prevention Association of Ontario, which is the oldest organization of its kind in the Dominion, celebrated its thirtieth anniversary only this year. On the other hand, one could say that the history of accident prevention is almost the history of mankind itself. In a general sense, every forward step that man has made throughout the centuries has been largely due to two things: (1) a desire for increased comfort, and (2) the need for safety; and, always, the need for safety has taken precedence over the desire for comfort. While it is true that hundreds of volumes have been published, dealing with the many aspects of accident prevention work, you cannot go to a library and pick out a book that has all the answers in it. Such a book has never been published-we are still looking for some of the answers. However, a good deal of real progress has been made.

Jan 1, 1945