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By OÆBrien R. T

A small static bed was used to study the thermal cycles required for the heat hardening of pellets based on synthetic magnetite concentrates and a naturally fine hematite. This apparatus can be employed to yield broad process data for the design of a recuperative strand system operating on the magnetite concentrates.Various alternatives are given for a process to heat harden the hematite ore but a preference is given to the production of a self fluxing pellet. Bond types and general mineralogical structures are interpreted against the optimum firing cycle necessary to produce a defined quality of pellet.INTRODUCTIONThe work reported in this paper extends that on the "Heat Hardening of Artificial Magnetite Pellets", which was described at the International Symposium on Agglomeration, sponsored by the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers at Philadelphia, U.S.A. in April 1961. Whereas that work was of a more basic nature, serving to illustrate the suitability of artificial magnetites with various admixtures, to the application of heat hardened pellets, on this occasion the aim is to illustrate the procedures which were used to establish the dimensions of commercial recuperative strands for Australian raw materials.The nature of the pellet feed, Le. relatively uniform spheres of + i in.-Yi6 in. diameter, makes it possible to use small scale static pots for test work. By the use of a closed system and the measurement of suctions, gas flows...

Jan 1, 1963

By A. Eccles

Phase designs are the foundation upon which all open pit mine sequence optimizations and budgets should be built. Unfortunately, at times, mine engineers skip the step of developing realistic pit phase designs - designs that include access ramps and mineable widths. Without mineable phase designs, their optimized schedules are based on theoretical pit shells or ?quick-and-dirty? plans with no ramps. The output from such optimizations is almost always overly optimistic. Without mineable designs, the production estimates are misleading, because they overestimate ore, and underestimate waste stripping requirements. Worse yet, when plans are not based on realistic phase designs, they can point to exactly the wrong decision in feasibility studies (i.e. ?go? when it should be ?no-go?). This paper discusses the importance and features of good pit phase design, and demonstrates the pitfalls of relying on optimized production sequences that are not based on properly designed pit phases.

Feb 27, 2013

By George D. Dub

The Bureau of Mines, in connection with the investigations of war minerals it conducted, examined the graphite deposits of this country, studied the methods of mining and preparation used, and sought to devise more efficient methods for the preparation of domestic graphite, and to standardize the quality of the product. The graphite investigations covered three general phases, as follows: 1. An examination of the deposits in Alabama and other States, and a survey of the methods of mining and preparation used. In this connection methods of sampling and analysis were noted and experiments made to determine a standard method of sampling and a, rapid but accurate method of analysis. 2. Experimental work on the concentration and refining of domestic crucible graphite to improve the quality of the product and to lessen waste. 3. Experimental work in crucible manufacture to determine the properties of domestic flake and the maximum proportions that might be used without impairing the quality of the crucibles. This work was accompanied by photomicrographic study of crucible structure.

Jan 1, 1920

By Patrícia de Fátima Rodrigues

Neste trabalho, a técnica de ensaios de torção a quente foi utilizada na simulação física do processo de laminação a quente do produto fio-máquina. Foram realizados ensaios em dois tipos de aços, a saber, um aço baixo carbono (BC) e outro aço ultrabaixo carbono (UBC). A realização dos ensaios de torção a quente, sob condições próximas ao processamento industrial, ou seja, utilizando parâmetros de processo como taxa de deformação, temperatura e tempo entre passes, fornecidos pelo fabricante do laminador, possibilitou evidenciar os mecanismos de amaciamento destes aços. Foram obtidas as curvas de escoamento para as condições propostas e realizadas análises metalográficas para avaliar as microestruturas resultantes. A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que ambos os aços apresentaram bom desempenho na laminação do fio-máquina. Em particular, o aço ultrabaixo carbono mostrou-se capaz de suportar as condições de processamento impostas nas simulações, o que torna viável sua possível aplicação no mercado de produtos de aços longos.

Aug 16, 2017

By Kobayashi M, Kametani H

Particles of nickel flash furnace malle (45 per cent i) were oxidized in a dropping-particle furnace. The particles melted and the molten drops simulated those produced by the atomization of molten matte. The partly oxidized droplets were quenched and then reacted with silica flux to form high-grade matte (70 per cent i) and a fayalite slag. This paper describes the experimental equipment and deals with chemical aspects of the investigation such as volatile impurity distribution and thermodynamic considerations. The overall behaviour of minor elements such as Cu, Co, As and Pb was similar to that observed in conventional converting.

Jan 1, 1986

By Thomas Fraser, M. G. Driessen

This report is one of a series written by members of the Solid Fuels Mission to Germany describing wartime developments in the mining , preparation, and utilization of coal . The mission was organized early in 1945 under the auspices of the Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee , which cooperated with a counterpart British Committee . Engineers from other allied countries cooperated in some of the investigations . The Solid Fuels Mission operated under the direction of a steering committee headed by Dr. C. J. Potter , deputy solid fuels administrator . The personnel of the mission consisted of H. F. Yancey , in charge , J. W. Buch , Thomas Fraser , L. L. Newman , and L. D. Schmidt , of the Bureau of Mines ; H. H. Lowry , Director of the Coal Research Laboratory , Carnegie Institute of Technology ; H. J. Rose , vice president and director of research , Bituminous Coal Research, Inc .; and F. H. Reed , chief chemist , Illinois Geological Survey . Over 50 reports were written by the members of the Solid Fuels Mission . These and microfilms of supporting data obtained in the course of the investigations are on file at the Bureau of Mines , Washington , D. C. where they are available for public examination . The Office of the Publication Board in the Department of Commerce is prepared to furnish photolith copies , photostats , or microfilm reproductions of all declassified reports . A Bibliography of Scientific and Industrial Reports is issued weekly by the Department of Commerce , Office of the Publication Board , and is sold by the Superintendent of Documents , Government Printing Office , Washington 25 , D. C. , on a subscription basis . An initial payment of 10 dollars will provide for approximately 9 months , and subscribers will be notified when additional remittance is necessary . All subscriptions will begin with volume 1 , No. 1 , unless ordered otherwise . The Bibliography covers all materials and subjects and gives instructions for obtaining the desired items . The reports of the Solid Fuels Mission relate to the following general subjects : Mining methods in the Ruhr district of Germany , with special reference to mechanical cutting and loading equipment , pneumatic packing , and Diesel mine locomotives ; activities of industrial research laboratories supported by the German coal and coke industry ; coal preparation in western Europe ; low-temperature carbonization processes ; metallurgical coke from weakly coking coals ; low- ash electrode carbon from coal ; new developments in the production of metallurgical coke and the utilization of gas and byproducts ; briquetting brown coal and bituminous coal without the use of binders ; recent engineering developments in gas turbines and steam generators , with special reference to use of coal ; German coal-fired heating and cooking stoves; and the commercial extraction of coal with solvents for production of synthetic liquid fuels or chemical products . Numerous reports on the activities of German synthetic - liquid -fuels plants and the plants for the production of synthesis gas from solid fuels are available in the same office as the Solid Fuels Reports . It is planned to publish in this series of Information Circulars the more important reports or combinations of reports prepared by the members of the Solid Fuels Mission . A similar series on synthetic - fuel activities is being prepared .

Nov 1, 1946

By Pedro Lucas Freitas

A elaboração de planos de mistura é feita em uma coqueria para uniformizar a qualidade das misturas. Um problema recorrente é a distribuição destes carvões nas dosadoras para serem misturados. A distribuição, no plano, destes carvões nas dosadoras é feita de forma manual, levando em consideração apenas o conhecimento do operador. A proposta é apresentar uma modelagem matemática de programação linear para resolver o problema da distribuição de carvões em dosadoras, segundo restrições de utilização das dosadoras dentro da faixa ótima, composição da mistura e uniformização das correias transportadoras, para reduzir sobrecarga nas linhas de dosadoras, com a finalidade de execução de um plano de mistura de carvões. Foram utilizados métodos de pesquisa operacional utilizando o algoritmo Simplex.

Aug 16, 2017

By Michael McNinch, LaTasha R. Swanson, Jennica L. Bellanca, Justin Helton

Accident data indicates that mobile haulage poses a significant pinning, crushing, and striking risk. Proximity detection systems (PDSs) have the potential to protect mineworkers from these risks. However, unintended consequences of mobile PDSs can undermine the safety benefit they provide. Soliciting iterative user input can improve the design process. Users help provide a critical understanding of how mobile PDSs may hinder normal operation and endanger mineworkers. Researchers explored users’ perspectives by conducting interviews with mineworkers from seven mines that have installed mobile PDSs on some of their haulage equipment. Mineworkers reported that mobile PDSs affect loading, tramming, section setup, maintenance, and general work on the section. Mineworkers discussed the operational effects and increased burden, exposure, and risk. Mineworkers also suggested that improved task compatibility, training, logistics, and PDS performance might help address some of these identified issues. This paper also gives additional insights into mobile PDS design and implementation.

By Michael McNinch, LaTasha R. Swanson, Jennica L. Bellanca, Justin Helton

Accident data indicates that mobile haulage poses a significant pinning, crushing, and striking risk. Proximity detection systems (PDSs) have the potential to protect mineworkers from these risks. However, unintended consequences of mobile PDSs can undermine the safety benefit they provide. Soliciting iterative user input can improve the design process. Users help provide a critical understanding of how mobile PDSs may hinder normal operation and endanger mineworkers. Researchers explored users’ perspectives by conducting interviews with mineworkers from seven mines that have installed mobile PDSs on some of their haulage equipment. Mineworkers reported that mobile PDSs affect loading, tramming, section setup, maintenance, and general work on the section. Mineworkers discussed the operational effects and increased burden, exposure, and risk. Mineworkers also suggested that improved task compatibility, training, logistics, and PDS performance might help address some of these identified issues. This paper also gives additional insights into mobile PDS design and implementation.

By CLARENCE G. SMITH

Prior to the actual development of an oil property it is difficult to determine the quantity of oil under the property and the rate at which this oil can be brought to the surface-factors that determine the ultimate value of the property. Consequently, there has been much confusion in devising accounting systems that, during the entire life of a property, will show costs and profits from which the producer can determine whether his property is being worked at a profit or otherwise. The Bureau of Mines publishes this report in recognition of a distinct need for a simple treatise on accounting methods adapted to the peculiarities of the petroleum industry. Probably many companies operating oil wells are not fully acquainted with details important to the welfare of their business, because their account books fail to furnish them with exact and adequate data. With the accountant rests the responsibility of providing the management with reports setting forth the details of the business expressed in fitting terms as well as in dollars and cents. These reports are a means whereby efficiency may be maintained, waste prevented, oil obtained and sold, and money suitably reinvested. They also enable a concern to study the progress of its business in order to conserve to the utmost the possible benefits from an exhaustible deposit of mineral wealth. When managements realize the extent of the waste at their properties more attention will be given to the character of the accountancy records. Herein are presented descriptions and discussions of balance sheets, profit-and-loss statements, and bookkeeping methods peculiarly adapted to the oil business. As far as possible, technical phrases have been omitted in order that those not familiar with accounting terms may be able to follow the subject matter. The systems of keeping books outlined in Chapter X have all been found practical. For brevity as well as clearness the major part of the work refers to the company operating only one property.

Jan 1, 1917

By Rob Sloan, Simon Yu, Rob Robison, Mark Schmidt

"In 2000-2009, Highland Valley Copper (HVC) tested new generation 660 mm cyclones supplied by various manufacturers in an aim to replace existing first generation 762 mm cyclones without success. Due to plant infrastructure limitations, new generation larger (838 and 800 mm) cyclones were not feasible. In 2010, an approach of testing hybrid 800 mm diameter cyclones was initiated by HVC. The hybrid cyclone consists of an 800 mm cyclone upper head section and the use of existing 762 mm cyclone conical sections. Three hybrid 800 mm cyclones were engineered and fabricated, targeting a throughput of 850-950 mtph and were installed in the E line cyclone cluster. Since starting operation on September 20, 2011, three hybrid 800 mm cyclones have been running at combined throughput ranges of 750 to 1050 mtph. Based on plant Daily Met Reports, the test hybrid cyclones demonstrated a decrease in misplacement of coarse copper bearing material to the cyclone overflow and better cyclone efficiency when compared to the existing 762 mm cyclones at the same throughput. The hybrid 800 mm cyclones also demonstrated significantly higher capacity per unit when compared to the existing cyclones. Based on the improvement demonstrated in the full plant trials, HVC decided to install the new hybrid 800 mm cyclones in all five grinding lines starting in July, 2012. A more detailed discussion of the full plant trials and initial results of the first complete retrofit of E line will be presented. INTRODUCTIONHighland Valley Copper Partnership (HVC) is Canada’s largest base metals mine and one of the world’s largest producers of Cu-in-concentrate. The mine, located in the central interior of British Columbia, is owned (97.5% interest) and operated by Teck Resources Ltd. In 2011, HVC produced about 210 million lbs. of Cu and 8 million lbs. of Mo. HVC’s Mill Modernization Project (MOP), which was budgeted for $475 M, is currently under intensive construction and is scheduled for commissioning in Q1 2014. The following description was valid at the time of writing this paper.The operation has been expanded a number of times since the startup of the original Lornex mill in 1972. The plant started up with two 9.75 m (32 foot) diameter primary SAG mills. It was expanded in 1981 with the addition of a 10.36 m (34 foot) diameter SAG mill. In 1988, the Highmont concentrator grinding mills and flotation section were moved and attached to the Lornex mill site. This added two10.36 m (34 foot) diameter AG primary mills to the Highland mill. This brought the total number of primary mills to five referred to as Line A, B, C, D and E: three SAG mills (A, B and C) each with two ball mills in parallel and two AG mills (D and E) each with one ball mill. Each AG mill line is equipped with one short head pebble crusher. Ball mill circuits are classified using 8 clusters of ten Linatex 762 mm cyclones to reach a target P80 330 micron (equivalent 43% +100 mesh), before the cyclone overflow product advances to the bulk flotation circuit."

Jan 1, 2013

By P Shen, K Hattori, H Pan, E Seitmuratova

"An EXTENDED ABSTRACT is available for download. A full-length paper was not prepared for this presentation. Ore-bearing intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) were examined from nine mines: Boshekul, Nurkazgan, Kounrad, Borly, Aktogai, Koksai, Baogutu, Tuwu and Erdenet. The intrusions are diorite, granodiorite and tonalite with SiO2 contents ranging from 58 to 75 wt per cent, and show mildly fractionated rare earth elements (REE) ([LREE]N/[HREE]N = 2.7–4.7) – light REE and heavy REE – and varying Eu anomalies ([Eu]/[Eu]* = 0.58–1.4). The ratios of Sr/Y vary from 7.9 to 115 and the contents of Y from 4.6 to 23.9 ppm. The parental magmas of the intrusions are intrinsically oxidised. Zircon grains in the ore-bearing rocks from large- and intermediate-sized porphyry Cu deposits show high Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios characterised by 65–422 at Boshekul (>4.1 Mt Cu), 76–480 at Kounrad (>4.8 Mt Cu), 90–280 at Aktogai (>12 Mt Cu), 80–250 at Erdenet (>11 Mt Cu) 74–370 at Nurkazgan (>3.9 Mt Cu), 100–210 at Koksai (>1.6 Mt Cu), and 71–340 at Tuwu (~2.0 Mt Cu). In two small deposits, the ore-bearing rocks display low values of Ce4+/Ce3+; Borly (0.6 Mt Cu) ranging from 28 to 158, and Baogutu (0.6 Mt Cu) from 29 to 113. The Ce4+/Ce3+ ratio of 120 distinguishes large intermediate-size deposits from small-size deposits. This information is potentially useful in exploration for porphyry Cu deposits in the belt.CITATION:Shen, P, Hattori, K, Pan, H, Jackson, S and Seitmuratova, E, 2015. Granitoids associated with porphyry Cu deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt – characteristics and oxygen fugacity, in Proceedings PACRIM 2015 Congress, pp 377–382 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne)."

Mar 18, 2015

The following pages discuss the objectives, the background, the scope and a statement of the problem of the study of methods to improve the pillar extraction practices in underground coal mines. 1. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this project were: ? to determine the principal factors contributing to high accident frequency and severity in both conventional and continuous mining operations; ? to compare and evaluate the safety aspects of the "open end" and "split and fender" systems of pillar mining; to establish basic data required to decide what constitutes an adequate pillaring plan that will optimize efficiency, recovery, and safety; ? to determine what measurements or information should be collected, (e.g. roof sag, pillar stress,) to make on-the-spot judgment of impending roof or pillar collapse; ? to make recommendations to improve existing methods or to insure proper techniques are implemented, and ? to suggest areas where additional studies or new research may be of value.

Jan 1, 1975

By F. A. Seward

A1though the expanding Eltran1 configuration has been used in induced polarization exploration for several years, there has been little application of this method to straight resistivity problems. A comparison of results of resistivity exploration by this technique versus those obtained from Wenner configuration surveys reveals a number of advantages in interpretative resolution as well as in field operation. The application of electrical resistivity to ground-water exploration is well known.= In the past a major portion of this work has been accomplished by use of one or more variations of a technique employing the Wenner3 electrode configuration. With the introduction of the frequency domain technique of induced polarization measurements, used primarily in the exploration for disseminated sulfide deposits, there arose the need for an electrode configuration by which potentials could be measured externally to the current electrode spread in order to minimize coupling between current sending and potential receiving circuits. It was also deemed desirable that the configuration would provide information laterally along profile as well as with depth. To reach these objectives the expanding dipole-dipole configuration (which probably first was used in the electrical transient method of exploration and from which the name 'Eltran' was derived) has been adapted to induced polarization exploration. The author has successfully applied the same techniques

Jan 1, 1963

By H. F. Moore

DURING the last six years, there have been many extensive investigations of the fatigue of metals. The major work of 'these investigations has been the determination of constants for fatigue strength of wrought ferrous metals; but during the past year or two there have become available considerable test data on the fatigue strength of certain nonrferrous metals, including copper, brass, bronze, nickel, copper-nickel alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys. It is not proposed to give here extensive quantitative tables of test results; for such tables, reference is made to the published data of various laboratories. The following general conclusions, however, seem to be fairly well established: 1. The phenomenon known as "fatigue" of metal really a progressive fracture of metals. A minute (probably submicroscopic) crack is formed in the metal, the internat stress, is intensified at the ends' of the crack, and under successive applications of load the crack spreads like a minute hacksaw cut until there is not enough sound metal left in the cross-section of the piece to stand the load. applied, and then failure occurs suddenly. 2. For wrought ferrous metals, there is .a limiting intensity of stress (as computed by the ordinary formulas of mechanics of materials) below which, a metal is able to withstand an indefinitely large number of repetitions of stress without failure. This limiting stress is known as the "endurance limit or the fatigue limit.? For reversed flexure, the endurance limit for. wrought ferrous metals is usually not far from 50 per cent. of the ultimate tensile strength.

Jan 1, 1925

By Patterson B. G

The small party of mining men who formed the original Mount Morgan Syndicate in 1882, commenced operations on the top of the mountain with what were practically nothing more than small hillside quarries, It was not until 1891 that underground stoping began, and open-cut mining therefore commenced with the commencement of operations. This hillside quarrying, however, seems to have been quite haphazard and unsystematic ; there is no trace or sign of any properly devised mining scheme. This can be seen plainly enough from an examination of old mine plans; for in less than five years after stoping was; adopted, the open-cut was down into the stoped-out ground. The following table, prepared from these old plans, shows the downward trend of the excavation in the past fiftyseven years:-

Jan 1, 1939

By P. Forbes

Mining and metallurgical processing companies that have adopted the principles of good environmental management often find it difficult to carry out an environmental assessment that yields meaningful opportunities for improved performance. This topic was investigated by means of a case study of a South African Base Metal Refinery (BMR) producing primarily nickel. A process-based Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was carried out on the refining process, with the environmental impacts related to the production of reagents and utilities forming part of the assessment. The lifecycle inventory (LCI) was based on plant operating data spanning 31 months of production, from which a baseline environmental profile could be generated and interpreted to indicate the main sources of potential environmental impacts. Consequently, opportunities for improved environmental performance could be identified from the LCA model, which expressly related potential environ-mental liability to specific sub-processes in the assessed industrial operation. The on-site steam plant was found to be the primary source of potential environmental impacts in most of the impact categories considered. In closing, the paper discusses some of the limitations encountered in use of the LCA method. Keywords: life cycle assessment; LCA; life cycle inventory; LCI; base metal refinery; improved environmental performance; environ-mental management systems; nickel refining.

Jan 1, 2000

By Michael Cooper, Eric Konigsmann, A. Moerman

"A paste backfill plant and underground piping distribution system was commissioned at the Brunswick Mine in June, 1998. Concentrator tailings, composed mainly of pyrite and lesser amounts of silicate minerals with a P80 of 37um (45 YO-20 pm), are pumped to the backfill plant. The backfill plant uses conventional thickening and disc filtering to dewater the solids, which are then mixed with binder in twin screw mixers. The paste is discharged through a gob hopper and one of three boreholes by gravity. Approximately 65% of the concentrator tailings will be placed underground at full production. The remaining thickened tailings will be pumped to an existing impoundment area. Application of paste technology will completely replace the use of cemented rock fill in the mine by the end of 1998.The design capacity of the paste backfill plant is a total of 360 dmtph of cemented paste through two parallel production lines. The plant is highly instrumented and controlled via a hybrid Programmable Logic Controller (PLC-5) and Fisher ProVox Distributed Control System that is in communication with the property information highway. Video and audio signals from the underground system are carried to the surface plant via a leaky feeder communications/fiber optic system.The underground distribution system consists of a network of 200mm diameter boreholes and piping. There are approximately 3.5km of boreholes and 5.5km of piping in the system. To minimize pressures, the greatest piping length from any borehole is approximately 400m with all piping being open-ended. There are no valves in the entire paste distribution system.Construction of the plant, including installation of piping to and from the plant and preparation of the underground distribution system, was completed in less than one year from the time of management approval for the $M 22.3 project."

Jan 1, 1999

By Juan Camus

To understand why some companies excel in creating value, Jim Collins (2001) and a group of postgraduate business students engaged in a comprehensive, five-year research project. They examined 1,435 U.S. companies for more than 40 years, seeking those that made significant improvements in their financial performance over time. The distinctive pattern sought was: ?Fifteen-year cumulative stock returns at or below the general stock market, punctuated by a transition point, then cumulative returns at least three times the market over the next 15 years. ?The search identified 11 outperforming companies, all in different industries, that were called the ?good to great? companies. To contrast these companies with similar peers within the same industry, the search also selected a group of comparison companies that failed to make the leap from good to great. Collins then set out to examine the transition point. What distinguishing features did the good-to-great companies have that their industry counterparts did not? At the heart of the findings about these outstanding companies is what Collins refers to as the ?hedgehog concept? ? how to find the one big thing that the company must focus on. According to Collins, those who built the good-to-great companies were, to one degree or another, hedgehogs. Those who led the comparison companies tended to be foxes, never gaining the clarifying advantage of a hedgehog concept, being instead scattered, diffused and inconsistent. This insight is complemented by Peter Drucker (2004), an influential management guru, who asserts that the first question an effective executive should ask is: ?what needs to be done?? Asking this question and taking it seriously, he asserts, is crucial for managerial success; and that the answer almost always has more than one urgent task, but the effective leader only concentrates on one task. In this last respect, Drucker emphasizes: ?If they [executives] are among the sizeable minority who work best with a change of pace in the working day, they pick two tasks. I have never encountered an executive who is effective while tackling more than two tasks at a time.?

Jan 1, 2011

By Basil B. Zavoico

The production of all Russian fields incressed from approsimatctly 74,000,000 bbl. during 1926-27, to approximately 83,000,000 bbl. during 1927-28. Of this amount Baku was responsible for 54,.500,000 bbl., Grozny for 25,800,000 bbl., and Emba for 1,200,000 bbl. Accordingly, the proportional importance of the Grozny oil field has been considerably increased, the present production being twice that of 1913. The most notable factor of production during 1927-28 was the importance of gushers; 40.8 per cent. of the total was thus obtained. In the Baku fields 26 per cent. of the total, and in Grozny 74.2 percent'. of the total were produced by naturally flowing wells. This may be explained by the reduction in authorizations for drilling by the central authorities, and, accordingly, the local trusts increased the production to the planned figures at the expense of the proved prolific reserves. In Baku region, the Surnkany oil field produced 36.1 per cent. of the total Baku production, or an equivalent of 53,800 bbl. per clay, the largest percentage coining from the fifth horizon. Nest year's plans call for continual development of that horizon as well as of the sixteenth horizon in the Bibi-Eibat field, which was opened lately. In the Grozny fields the New Area (Bellik) WAS responsible for 79.4 per cent. of the total production. The authorized plan for 1928-29 production calls for 92,200,000 bid., and a reasonably accurate estimate for 1932--33 production is placed at. 156,000,000 bbl., with Baku contributing 101,800,000 bbl., Grozny 44,100,000 bbl., Emba 6,200,000 bbl., Kuban 2,100,000 bbl., Saghalien Island 1,400,000 bbl., and Russian Turkestan 400,000 bbl. In connection with recent discoverices in the Baku area these figures art. quite conservative. The average production per well per day in the Baku oil fields was 49.2 bbl., in Grozny 175 bbl.; in detail, Surakany oil field averaged 250 bbl., and the New Area in Grozny 514 bbl. per day. New completions in all Baku fields averaged 264 bbl. per day, and in Grozny 970 bbl. pel. day. These figures show a considerable progress in the technical developnlent of all fields, compared even with the prerevolution figures, since all the mprovements are noted in the fields that arc over 30 years old.

Jan 1, 1929