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By Robert Jakiel

The following paper is being presented to provide an understanding of the Deep Soil-Cement Mixing (DMM) performed at Contract C09A7 at the Fort Point Channel Site (FPC), for the I-90/I-93 Interchange of the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), Boston, MA. The paper is written as a summary of the DMM from the DMM Contractor's perspective. The summary provides technical information and practical observations that are currently considered to be state-of-the art knowledge within the soil mixing industry. The observations and information are being provided by Robert L. Jakiel, Chief Engineer of SMW Seiko, Inc., who was the DMM Project Manager and Project Engineer for the A7 Joint Venture at FPC. The DMM was started in April of 1996 and completed in December 1999. The various acronyms and terminology used to describe the soil mixing are found in a section at the end of the paper.

Jan 1, 2000

Atlas Copco Wagner launched its ST1010 Scooptram load haul dumper. The ST1010 replaces the company’s Wagner ST-1000 Scooptram. The improvements to the Wagner ST1010 include increased reliability, ease of maintenance and driver comfort or ergonomics. The ST1010 has been redesigned and has added several new features and options not offered in the earlier model. These include anew boom design with side stops. Heavy reinforcements to the bogie offer better protection against the harsh working conditions in underground mining and tunneling. An auto lube system has also been added as has paint-on grip tread to reduce slips and falls during maintenance checks or repair work. Other features include a heavy-duty, auxiliary-fan motor, an isolated transverter, remote diagnostic pressure taps, a bolt-on battery box, raised air-intake, improved fuel-filter access for easier maintenance, larger wear-bars around the engine tub, and smaller, higher output batteries

Jan 1, 2000

By J. A. Holmes, EDWARD C. FRANKLIN, RALPH A. GOULD

The commission may be permitted to express its earnest hope that the litigation which comes to an end with the findings and recom- mendations herein set forth will be considered by both parties to the action as definitely and equitably decided. The commission trusts that its work will show the value of the commission form of settlement and that its work will serve as a prece- dent to be followed in disputes relative to technical subjects. If the work of the commission is productive of a tendency on the part of technical litigants to avoid the use of the courts for the settlement of disputes it will not have been done in vain. Such tendency will surely grow and ultimately such differences will be arbitrated by technically trained men without recourse to the courts of law. Appended to the report of the findings of the commission are to be found the detailed reports covering the several lines of inquiry and investigation carried on by the commission and upon which its findings are based, and also a detailed statement of the fiscal affairs of the commission. A word of explanation is necessary in regard to the fiscal statement. While each party to the litigation has agreed to bear one-half of the expense of the investigations of the commission, it will be noted that the Selby Smelting & Lead Co. is credited with $21,000, while Solano County is credited with but $6,000. In order that the investigations of the commission might go forward without interruption the Selby Smelting & Lead Co. has generously supplied funds at the times they were needed. This assistance has been

Jan 1, 1915

By Toshiharu Teranishi

When we apply the Au nanoparticle superlattices to the future nanooptical and nanoelectronic devices, the control of not only the particle size but also the interparticle spacing and symmetry of superlattice are the essential problems to be overcome. First, we developed a novel synthetic procedure to precisely control the particle size of alkanethiol-protected Au nanoparticles in the range from 1.5 to 9.7 nm by the heat-treatment of the small Au nanoparticles in the solid state. Absorption and nonlinear optical properties of alkanethiol-protected Au nanoparticle superlattices were then elucidated. On the other hand, the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 2D superlattices of small Au nanoparticles with the interparticle spacings from 1.9 to 3.6 nm were successfully prepared by using newly-synthesized ligand for single electron tunneling devices. Finally, various symmetric superlattices, such as chain (2-fold), quasi-honeycomb (3-fold), square (4-fold), etc., of Au nanoparticles could be produced by making use of interligand interactions or some templates.

Oct 1, 2003

By Timothy P. Smirnoff

Sustaining the region?s mobility needs, achieving projected economic growth, and maintain Midtown Manhattan as a center of regional, national and global importance has led to continued investment in commuter rail and transit infrastructure in New York City and resulted in design and construction of large underground caverns. The current plans for stations in Manhattan include New York Penn Station Expansion (NYPSE) caverns for Trans Hudson Express (THE) Tunnel Project for New Jersey Transit (NJ Transit) and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ), Metropolitan Transportation Authority Capital Construction Long Island Railroad (MTACC/LIRR) twin caverns for East Side Access (ESA) Project, and station caverns of the No. 7 Line Subway Extension Project and Second Avenue Subway Project for Metropolitan Transportation Authority Capital Construction/New York City Transit (MTACC/NYCT). This paper provides a general overview of these large caverns now in design or construction in Manhattan, the area?s geologic setting, the geotechnical factors considered and approaches commonly applied for cavern design.

By Gill Montgomery

This report covers operations at the Crystal-Victory and Minerva No. 1 mines in Hardin County, Ill., which are operated by the Minerva Oil Co., Fluorspar Division, with offices in Eldorado. It describes the exploration, development, and mining practices, giving costs of each. Transportation, equipment, power, labor, and other influencing factors also are discussed. The mining methods employed are those most applicable to the flat-bedded replacement deposits common to the Cave-in-Rock section of the Southern Illinois fluorspar district. The fluorspar beds occur from surface exposures to 1,000 feet deep. In this district churn drilling is the method practiced for exploring flat-bedded deposits from the surface. Aerial photography and geochemical methods for indicating mineralization have been helpful in planning a drilling program. A program usually includes enough drilling to obtain only sufficient data on the value of the ore body and its structure to justify initial development and purchase of the mineral rights under option.

Jan 1, 1960

By J. Alton Burks

When acoustical materials are used in a mining environment for noise control purposes, they are subject to environmental deterioration from hydraulic fluid, moisture, and dust. These and other factors can cause physical degradation of the material, which can lessen its ability to absorb sound. In this study, the Bureau of Mines measured the sound absorption properties of 16 different acoustical materials after 4 sample treatments: (1) being kept clean and dry (as received from the supplier), as a control or reference standard, (2) immersion in water and draining, (3) immersion in lOO-pct-petroleum-type hydraulic fluid and draining, and (4) exposure in a coal mine. The last three treatments were used to approximate the type of physical degradation that can be experienced in actual use. The impedance tube or standing wave method was used to measure the normal absorption coefficient. It was found that the absorption coefficient of most materials was adversely affected by the retention of either oil or water, with oil having the greater effect. The only class of materials that was affected by neither oil nor water was neoprene foam.

Jan 1, 1990

By Russell G. Warncke

"This report is based primarily on a study of safety conditions and practices followed in the coal mines of Japan. Not all of the coal fields in Japan were studied, but typical mines in the largest producing areas and a fair cross section of coal-mine-safety conditions observed during February to April 1948 are described.Information was obtained through investigations conducted in the mines, discussions with mine-management officials and representatives of labor unions of the various mines visited, and examination of records and statistics from the various offices of the Coal Board of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and from the Coal Association of Japan. Statistical data covering the same subject, obtained from different sources, varied in many respects and apparently were reported inaccurately, but such discrepancies can be attributed to different methods of reporting and compiling statistics.It is difficult to correlate the high fatal and nonfatal injury rates that prevail in Japanese coal mines with the conditions observed in the mines. Virtually all mines visited were attempting to prevent accidents and explosions, by apparently following known safety precautions for the prevention thereof. Some commendable safety innovations were observed at several mines; they indicated that mine officials are giving thought and consideration to hazardous conditions that affect their particular mines.Naturally, the operating officials and management were anxious to impress the writer with their interest in accident prevention and safety. Operating officials were found to be receptive to safety and wore interested in formulating definite safety programs. Some nines had well-planned and well-organized safety programs, which, if put into effect, would contribute greatly toward reduction of accidents.The approach to safety in Japan is quite different from that in the United States, especially the concept of personal responsibility for accidents and the extent to which the individual should be protected against hazards. Management is responsible for providing and maintaining safe working conditions. Collaboration between management and worker, as understood in the United States, does not exist in Japan.Increase in accidents since the cessation of hostilities is the result of unsettled economic conditions in the coal industry, influx of inexperience workers, and breakdown of discipline among the miners, who have been organized into unions. Those unions are greatly influenced by ""leftist"" tendencies.It was observed that the Japanese mine worker is fatalistic by nature and has little, if any, noticable safety consciousness. The most urgent major requirements to reduce accidents in the coal mines are to train the worker in accident prevention and instruct him regarding the inherent hazards of his occupation.Revision of the mining laws would help to reduce accidents if the companies would comply with such laws and provide safer working places and if the workers would cooperate with management and observe and comply with such laws as are enacted for their protection."

Dec 1, 1949

By D. J. Parker

On Thursday, March 18, 1937, the country was shocked by news of a terrific explosion at the New London, Tex., school, which caused the death of 280 pupils rind 14 teachers. The explosion occurred at about 3:05 p.m. in the largest of the 11 school buildings on the campus. Figure 1 shows this building, market; "Main high school building?, with respect to other buildings, pipe lines, oil wells, and gas lines on the property.

Jan 1, 1937

By Fred W. Snow

This paper describing the mining practices at the Magma mine, Superior, Ariz., is one of a series being prepared by the Bureau of Mines on mining prac¬tices, methods, and costs in the various mining districts in the United States. At present (1929) practically all the mineral production in the Superior district is from the Magma mine of the Magma Cooper Co. The ore is mined for its copper but contains associated silver and gold. Both direct smelting ore and ore of concentrating grade are produced. The mining methods now in use at the Magma mine were adopted or developed as knowledge was gained of the physical condition of the ore bodies and the inclosing formations; the wall rock is soft and crushed and the ore is relatively hard. In general, existing methods have been adapted to fit local conditions, but some of the mining practices used were originated at this mine. Most of the ore is mined by a combination of rill stopes and pillar stopes. The pillars are extracted by underhand mining.

Jan 1, 1929

By C. A. Geffen-Fowler

This report, sponsored by the Bureau of Mines, presents the results of an examination of the safety of the Blind Shaft Borer (BSB) shaft sinking system and an alternative modified BSB design concept in comparison to conventional shaft sinking technology. Detailed study of the two systems was also performed to identify and recommend design changes for optimum safety conditions. A comparison of the BSB systems with conventional shaft sinking was made on the basis of relative risk levels. Risk incorporates both the frequency and the potential consequence of accidents. A safety evaluation of the component operations of the two BSB systems was performed using a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology. The results of this analysis show generally that both BSB systems are safer than conventional shaft sinking. The potential risk of conventional shaft sinking operations could be reduced by over 30%, on the average, with the use of the original BSB system, and by an average of about 10% with the modified BSB. Design change recommendations to further improve the safety of these systems include better fire suppression systems, improved man haulage systems and more compact hydraulics. An operational safety manual was also developed for the modified BSB system.

Jan 1, 1981

By Richard D. Mehring

A refined ad improved self-sealing brattice for use in coal mine rescue and recovery operations for directing the flow of air has been developed and tested by Goodyear Aerospace Corporation for the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The brattice is made from a lightweight, low cost material that meets MSHA flammability requirements. The units can be erected using pins, spade or lightweight extensible poles. Tests here conducted to determine leakage rate from minimal to a maximum of 1.5" H20. The ability to handle reverse flows was demonstrated and a non-flammable foam was used as an auxiliary sealing agent.

Jan 1, 1978

By D. J. Parker

On Thursday, March 18, 1937, the country was shocked by news of a terrific explosion at the New London, Tex., school, which caused the death of 280 pupils avid 14 teachers. The explosion occurred at about 3:05 p.m. in the largest of the 11 school buildings on the campus. Fire 1 shows this building, marked "Main high school building", with respect to other buildings, pipe lines, oil wells, and gas lines or the property.

Jan 1, 1937

On July 1, the Bonneville Power Administration announced a 25% power cutback because of lower than normal stream flow. In September, the Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa) announced plans to shut down one 23,000-ton-per-year potline at its Vancouver, Wash., primary aluminum smelter. Alcoa also announced that the last of four potlines at its Point Comfort, Tex., primary aluminum smelter would be restarted in October. A new 3-year contract was signed and workers at three Alcan Aluminum Ltd. primary aluminum smelters in Canada returned to work. It was estimated that it would take about 3 months before the smelters were operating at full capacity.

Jan 1, 1979

By Richard A. Dick

In this report commercial blasting compounds are classified according to their nitroglycerin (or equivalent explosive oil) and ammonium nitrate content as dynamites, gelatins, blasting agents, military explosives, and blasting , accessories. The ingredients and more significant properties of each explosive are tabulated and briefly discussed. Data are summarized from various handbooks, textbooks, and manufacturers' technical data sheets, together with the author's personal experience; however, this report is not intended to be a technical handbook, since it does not deal with blasting techniques. Instead, it seeks to acquaint the reader with the great variety of explosives, available, their advantages and disadvantages, and their general areas of application. Properties discussed are weight strength, cartridge strength, detonation velocity, density, detonation pressure, water resistance, and fume class. The weakness of the strength rating system and the importance of detonation pres- , sure, density, and detonation velocity in rating explosives are discussed. The terms "blasting agent" and "slurry," which are often misused, are defined. Trends indicate that blasting agents (that is, blasting mixtures with none of of the ingredients singly classified as an explosive), particularly high-density slurry blasting agents, will dominate the explosives field in the future.

Jan 1, 1968

By H. A. Doerner

"The following report is submitted, in compliance with the request made by the Honorable W. H. Sproule, Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining, to the Director of the United States Bureau of Mines, that the bureau investigate the most modern processes for the production of radium from its ores. A thorough search of technical publications and patent office files was made. Outstanding authorities on the subject as well as persons claiming novel or secret methods were interviewed.Unlike most other elements, it is not possible for radium to occur naturally in a pure or concentrated form. This is because radium is one of a series of unstable elements which, by a constant, spontaneous, atomic disintegration, change from one element to the next in the series. Uranium is the ""grandparent"" of radium. The rates at which radium atoms are ""born"" and ""die"" are so related that only one part of radium can exist in equilibrium with three million parts of uranium. Consequently radium is only found associated with uranium minerals, and the ratio of radium to uranium is never more than one to three million. Since uranium is a rather rare element, the scarcity of radium is almost beyond comprehension. Nevertheless minute traces of radium can be detected in nearly all rocks.The carnotite ores of Colorado and Utah were the chief source of radium for many years.In the fall of 1922 news of the very rich deposits of radium ore discovered in the Belgian Congo caused most complete cessation of domestic production. The Congo ore contains pitchblende and a number of alteration products, including the new minerals bequerelite, curite, krasolite, stasite, and dewindite. Reports indicate that a considerable amount of ore containing over 50 per cent uranium oxide has been produced. It seemed certain that radium could be extracted from the Conga ore at a much lower cost than from the relatively low-grade carnotite; and in order to preserve their elaborate marketing organizations, the larger American producers made agreements with the Belgian syndicate to market the foreign product in this country. The retail price of radium has been held at $70 per milligram, but large orders are filled as low as $50. Extraction of radium from carnotite by the usual methods does not appear to be profitable at that price with one exception, all American firms ceased production after their accumulated stocks of ore had been treated. The United States Radium Co., which continued to treat carnotite for several years, finally shut down its plant."

Dec 1, 1930

By Milford L. Skow

This report summarizes the principal activities and results of 15 years of research by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, on methane control in coal mines. This research has investigated fundamental factors regarding the occurrence and movement of methane in coal beds, removal of methane prior to mining, and control of methane during mining. The report includes a bibliography listing the more than 150 publications resulting from the Bureau's methane control program as well as numerous other references, a section on methane recovery and use, a look at the upcoming Bureau of Mines research program, and a brief review of methane drainage practices in other coal-producing countries.

Jan 1, 1980

By H. S. Martin

This paper, describing the concentrating practices at the plants of the Utah Copper Co., is one of a series being prepared by the United States Bureau of Mines in which the data are given in as nearly uniform c manner as possible. The Magna mill is 19 miles west of Salt Lake City on the routes of the Lincoln and Victory highways, and the Arthur plant is 1 mile west of the Magna mill. Both are on the main road west of the town of Magna and east of the town of Garfield.

Jan 1, 1931

By William W. Aljoe

The hydrologic characteristics of two abandoned underground coal mine sites, near Latrobe, PA, and Uniontown, PA, were investigated by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for possible implementation of alkaline injection into the mine pools as a means of abating their acid discharges. The Latrobe site was chosen for a one-time application of alkaline injection to achieve a partial, short-term neutralization of a limited portion of the mine pool. A quantity of alkaline reagent (sodium hydroxide) sufficient for a one-time neutralization of the water in this portion of the pool was added. Although nearly all of the neutralizing reagent had moved away from the injection wells within 6 weeks, no evidence of neutralization was noted at the mine discharge during the study period. This lack of neutralization probably occurred because the injection wells did not intercept a primary flow path through the mine. Criteria for successful application of alkaline injection at this or other sites include (1) positive identification of the primary flow paths through the mine pool and (2) addition of quantities of alkaline reagent sufficient to neutralize the entire volume of the pool along the primary flow path.

Jan 1, 2010

The Technology Transfer Seminar on Mine Communications held on March 21-77, 1973, at the Pittsburgh Mining and Safety Research Center, Bruceton, Pa., presented information about recently developed equipment, instruments, and techniques for use in mine communications systems. All of the basic ideas presented in the fine seminar are operational in the Bureau of Mines Safety Research Mine in Bruceton.

Jan 1, 1974