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By K. E. Robinson

During operation of tailings impoundments, water is lost through decanting, evaporation and seepage. Techniques have been developed to regulate or control each of these components. Collectively implemented, these techniques form the basis of tailings impoundment management. Regulation of the rate and level of decanting influences the size of a free water pond, and, thereby, the amount of evaporation and seepage, which are both area-dependent. Conversely, the encouragement of seepage and/or evaporation could also be used to reduce decanting requirements. Management of one of the components of a tailings impoundment's water balance is reflected in changes in the other components. The seepage component has the greatest potential impact on the environment, and consequently requires the closest scrutiny. Water percolating through tailings backfill transports heavy metals and other dissolved solids from the impoundment into the local groundwater regime. Depending on the seepage volume and concentration of contaminants, seepage from impoundments could exceed environmentally tolerable limits. Once mobilized, seepage-borne pollution is much more difficult to treat, mainly because of the problems in collecting the diffusive transportation medium. Pollution abatement measures relative to tailings impoundment seepage depend on seepage prevention or reduction. Seepage control measures include constructing barriers to flow, pump-back systems of interception and restricting the supply of water available for seepage.

Jan 1, 1987

By J. Bilant, B. Carlson, N. Gow

"High-pressure grinding roll (HPGR) technology was evaluated to replace tertiary cone crushing at Coeur Rochester operations (Coeur Rochester Inc.) as an opportunity to improve silver recovery. In 2016 and 2017, onsite and third-party pilot programs were initiated to evaluate the impact on metallurgical recovery and heap leach performance of crushed product generated by an HPGR. In 2018, Forte Dynamics evaluated the HPGR laboratory metallurgical data from Coeur Rochester and all third parties to develop field-scale leach curves based on new crushing scenarios. The laboratory recovery test work data were consolidated and scaled to field conditions to determine projected heap leach performance. Based on the metallurgical testing conducted, the replacement of current tertiary cone crushers with HPGR technology has the potential to increase Coeur Rochester’s silver recovery rate by 8 percentage points, from 61 percent to 69 percent, and shorten the overall timing of silver recoveries from 20 years to just more than two years.The Rochester Mine, and associated valley fill heap leach facilities is an openpit silver and gold mine located in Pershing County, NV, approximately 42 km (26 miles) northeast of the city of Lovelock. In 2017, Rochester produced approximately 4.7 million oz silver (Ag) and 51,000 troy oz gold (Au). Ore mined at Rochester is either fed directly to the primary X-Pit crusher, crushed at an in-pit crusher system, or placed directly onto a heap leach pad as run-of-mine (ROM). Both crushing circuits are comprised of three stages of crushing to produce a nominal 3/8 in. ore. Primary crushing consists of jaw crushing while secondary and tertiary crushing are composed of varying cone crushers.Historical recovery rates of crushed Rochester ore averaged 61.4 percent Ag and 95.9 percent Au over a period of 20 years (Robinson et al., 2018). These rates were derived from third-party verification of in-house metallurgical test results, crusher production and heap leach production results from 1986 through 2004 in a private report for Rochester produced by KD Engineering Co., Inc. Recovery rates are regularly verified by compositing daily samples of ore delivered to each leach pad from the X-pit crusher, in-pit crusher and/ or ROM. A proportionate split of each sample is used to generate monthly composites for metallurgical analysis utilizing column leaching and bottle roll leaching. These tests are run in a manner analogous with production conditions and deliver test results that provide expected heap leach performance. As the Rochester oxide deposit has been mineralogically and metallurgically consistent, the gold and silver recovery trends have also been consistent over the life of the project."

Sep 1, 2019

By Peter K. Liaw, Charlie R. Brooks, David C. Joy, Wei Zhao

In this paper, effects of oxidation, porosity and fiber-fabric stacking sequence on flexural strength of a continuous silicon carbide fiber (SiCr) fabric-reinforced SiC ceramic-matrix composite (CFCC) were studied. The failure mechanisms were correlated with flexural strengths of CFCC samples, both before and after oxidation. Microstructures and fractography were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical change after oxidation, such as Si, C, and 0, and their distributions, were detected by the SEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) line-scan chemical analysis technique. These effects on the strength of the CFCC can be attributed to following reasons: (i) The decrease in the flexural strength after oxidation is mainly due to degradation of the strength of Nicalon fibers and the damage of fiber/matrix interface both caused by high-temperature chemical reactions, (ii) Porosity is not too important in affecting the strength of the CFCC, when the bonding of the forced flow chemical vapor infiltration (FCVI)-SiC matrix is stronger than that of the fiber/matrix interface. However, a higher porosity content will be harmful, because higher porosity will both decrease the effective elastic modulus of the FCVI-SiC and make pore-linkage easier to occur, which is more likely to cause premature failure, (iii) The variation in the lamina stacking sequence of the CFCC changes the elastic stress distributions along the thickness direction of specimens, the magnitude of ceramic matrix-cracking stress, the effective elastic moduli of the laminate, and different crack initiation sites as well as different failure modes, and thus, leading to the scatter in the flexural strength of the CFCC.

Jan 1, 1998

By Lawrence Lien

The reduced need for traditionally trained and educated personnel in the mining industry is systemic to the changing mining industry. Universities and other training institutions are meeting the traditional skill needs required by the industry, but are the skill needs going to be the same in the near future? The answer may be no. Mining is changing because of increased liabilities and costs of environmental and safety is-sues; lower grades of minerals in traditional mining activities and the advent of new bio-chemical processes and robotic equipment. More productive and economic alternatives, and larger, more sophisticated and automatic equipment, are also changing the industry. Engineering is more specific, accurate, precise and expensive. Measurement is more thorough and timely of progress, production, costs and productivity. And, the industry will likely be engaging in more undersea mining, possibly space-based processing, less human interaction and more remote control of events than was previously thought possible.

Jan 1, 2011

By John S. Cummings

In this paper the phrase "exploration for blind metal deposits" refers to exploration activities geared to the discovery of metal deposits which cannot be located by visual surface inspection. The word "system" refers to all of the components (people, money, corporations, techniques, etc.) which collectively result in an exploration process. The details of the system or systems which I have employed in exploration will not be discussed because of client relationships. However, some of the more severe problems in exploration result from how the system's components interact and our attitudes as to what exploration data is telling us, if anything. It is these items which will be discussed. Exploration for blind metal deposits, which has been relatively intense over the last 2S years compared to rather minor outlays prior to World War II has often been an uncoordinated assortment of various specialists employing various techniques (see Dickerson -1). In a program geared to the location of blind deposits, the lack of outcropping deposits or occurrences should not be a deterrent to a well conceived and well planned program. The severe cyclical swings in exploration activity, although often coinciding with depressed metal prices, by and large result from the failure of exploration operators to present a coherent and realistic program to management. It is my opinion that the stream of complaints criticizing management for cyclical exploration support are mostly unwarranted, as many of the programs and goals are ill defined. Although depressed market conditions may serve as the catalyst for exploration cuts, the underlying cause is that when the "chips are down", the non-directional, non-specific nature of many programs is revealed. Thus management should not be castigated for eliminating such programs during bad times, but rather they should be castigated for supporting them during boom periods.

Jan 1, 1978

By Moussa Wone, William Levy, Christopher Caruso, Zachary Spera, Thomas Hennings, Richard Stacy Kinchen, PE Joel Kantola

"Owners constructing new combined sewer overflow (CSO) systems increasingly seek to have project design lives of 100 or more years in response to the growing size, complexity, and cost to construct and operate these systems. However, a codified and universally accepted approach to achieving this goal in the United States does not currently exist since service life prediction is a relatively new technical field. This paper discusses how the 100-year design life requirement was met for the design of tunnels, drop shafts, and diversion structures in the DC Clean Rivers Program (DCCRP). The authors identify some commonly referenced publications, present the testing framework used by the program manager to characterize the CSOs, review the design criteria used to guide the 100-year design life development, and establish guidelines to be considered by program managers and designers when implementing similar extended design life requirements in other CSO control programs.INTRODUCTIONLike many older cities in the United States, the sewer system in the District of Columbia consists of both combined sewers and separate sanitary sewers. When the capacity of a combined sewer is exceeded during storm events, the excess flow, which is a mixture of sewage and storm water runoff, is discharged to the District’s receiving water bodies (Anacostia River, Potomac River, and Rock Creek) and tributaries through outfall structures. This excess discharge during storm events is called a combined sewer overflow or CSO. A total of 53 CSO outfalls for the combined sewer system are listed in DC Water’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The DC Clean Rivers Program (DCCRP) will reduce the number of CSO outfalls into the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers and decrease flooding in DC neighborhoods during extreme rain events by capturing, storing, and conveying diverted CSOs to the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant."

Jan 1, 2016

By Chuanhong Li, Zuohua Lin, Zhancheng Guo

"Catalytic mechanism of CeO2 in combustion of coals was investigated in this paper. Catalytic combustion of four kinds of coals with different metamorphic grades by CeO2 was examined, suggesting that catalytic function of CeO2 increases with increase of metamorphic grade of the coals. One important reason for CeO2 promoting combustion of the coals is that pyrolysis of anthracite is advanced by CeO2, which not only raises the pyrolysis rate and pyrolysis conversion ratio, but increases contents of light components in pyrolysis gas; and both pore space and specific surface area of the pyrolysis char are enlarged by CeO2, which is another reason. In order to realize in situ catalysis for reducing catalyst consumption, it is crucial to increase catalyst particle number and enhance the bonding force between catalyst and coal. In addition, remarkable energy saving effect was observed when a nanometer calcium-based rare earth catalyst obtained by hydro-thermal synthesis was applied to catalytic combustion of coal injection into blast furnace.Introduction Coal combustion is acknowledged as one of the most important coal applications. Since addition of catalysts could reduce the ignition temperature of pulverized coal and accelerate the coal combustion, catalytic combustion is generally accepted as an effective measure to realize fast combustion of coal. Furthermore, different catalysts added may produce different effects on ignition temperature of coal. It is reported activity of catalysts with the same cation follows this order: OH->CO3 2->Cl->SO4 2-; while that of the catalysts which have the same anion follows: Cs+>Rb+>K+>Na+>Ba2+>Li+>Sr2+>Ca2+>Mg2+>Be2+ [1-4] .Due to the special physical and chemical structure, CeO2 plays an important role in the catalysis field. Many literatures point out that CeO2 not only has great catalytic effect on energy conversion, succeeded in catalyzing combustion of gaseous fuels such as CH4, CO, etc. but also can catalyze combustion of some liquid and solid fuels such as JP-10, black carbon, carbon deposit in the automobile exhausts and so on [5-9].Pyrolysis, the first step of combustion, directly influences ignition temperature and combustion rate of coals. So a great variety of catalysts were applied to catalyze pyrolysis of coals. And plenty of studies suggest that the alkali and alkaline-earth metal compounds inherent in the coals show apparent catalytic effect on coal pyrolysis. Meanwhile, addition of alkali and alkaline-earth metals into coal combustion process also indicates obvious catalysis effect, accelerating coal pyrolysis, improving pyrolysis conversion ratio, increasing contents of pyrolysis gases and changing composition of the pyrolysis gases [10-15].Although alkali and alkaline-earth metal compounds have good catalysis effect on coal combustion, their application in the catalysis field was limited because of their erosive attack to the combustion equipments. In contrast, CeO2, as a substitution of the traditional coal catalysts, presents widely potential application due to its good catalysis ability, non-corrosive and nontoxic. However, investigation on CeO2 catalyzing coal combustion is rarely reported. In this work, catalytic mechanism of CeO2 in coal combustion was studied, in an attempt to provide theoretical foundation for developing new catalysis technologies."

Jan 1, 2009

By W. B. Lambert

A common decision in openpit mining is to determine the extraction sequence of notional three-dimensional production blocks so as to maximize the net present value of the extracted orebody, while adhering to precedence and operational resource constraints. This openpit block sequencing (OPBS) problem is commonly formulated as an integer program, with binary variables representing if and when each block is extracted. In practical applications, the number of blocks can be large and the time horizon can be long; therefore, instances of this problem can be difficult to solve using the exact approach of optimization. The problem is even more challenging to solve when it includes explicit minimum operational resource constraints. Our maximum value feasible pit (MVFP) algorithm generates an initial integer feasible solution for OPBS problems, in which minimum operational resource constraints are strictly enforced. As an exact approach, we present a Tailored Lagrangian Relaxation (TLR), in which the selection of constraints to dualize is guided by information provided by the MVFP algorithm. We present results and graphics to demonstrate the utility of our techniques for instances containing up to 25,000 blocks and 10 time periods.

Jan 1, 2013

By K. E. Waters, J. E. Nesset, F. Rosenblum, R. Langlois, J. A. Finch

"Some sulphide mineral mixtures when exposed to air and a warm and humid environment can exhibit a self-generating temperature rise, referred to as self-heating or spontaneous heating. The observed self-heating derives from the oxidation reactions of the active sulphides. In previous publications by the authors, it was proposed that the self-heating of sulphides proceed in three distinct stages; namely, Stage A, Stage B and Stage C. In Stage A (<100OC) the sulphides, in the presence of moisture are oxidized, generating heat through a series of sequential reactions and forming elemental sulphur as one of the products. In Stage B (>100OC) the elemental sulphur produced in Stage A is further oxidized to generate additional heat and SO2. Stage C (>~380OC), sometimes referred to as thermal runaway or roasting, is not addressed in this paper. This communication focuses on the type and role of elemental sulphur found in Stages A and B, and the sequence of reactions that is occurring in Stage A. The sequence is divided into two phases, the first based on galvanic interaction between the sulphide minerals that generates an acidic environment but little heat, and the second involving the production of H2S which rapidly oxidizes to produce heat and elemental sulphur. To date, data suggest that the primary oxidation product formed in Stage A is the stable orthorhombic a-S8 form of elemental sulphur. Above 96OC the a-S8 transforms to a monoclinic ß-S8 structure which is less stable and will readily oxidize to generate heat and SO2. Above 159OC a proportion of the ß-S8 sulphur will transition to a polymeric Sµ form of sulphur which can readily volatilize. INTRODUCTION Some particulate and granular materials, when exposed to appropriate atmospheric and physical conditions, can exhibit a self-induced temperature rise resulting from accumulated heat due to internal exothermic oxidation reactions. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as self-heating or spontaneous heating. Under favorable physical and environmental conditions, these reactions can elevate the temperature of a given material from ambient to the point of auto-ignition. Self-heating behaviour should not be equated to pyrophoric behaviour which describes a group of materials (e.g. certain finely powdered metals) that will ignite spontaneously in air below 55OC. There are numerous materials such as coals, hay, forestry wood products, food products to name a few that can exhibit self-heating behaviour. This publication continues the focus of the authors on the self-heating of sulphide mineral mixtures. Many of the metals of commercial use found in nature are in the form of these sulphides which must be mined, crushed, ground and concentrated prior to smelting or hydrometallurgical processing in order to produce primary metal. The issues of sulphide self-heating therefore pertain to the mining and processing of metals."

Jan 1, 2018

By D. E. Cameron

"INTRODUCTION Grade control requirements for base and precious metal projects are an important input to both conceptual and feasibility mine plans. It’s the author’s experience that grade control input is insufficient at these critical stages. The few exceptions are a stimulus for this paper. A significant portion of CRC’s practice has involved assisting operations to solve grade control issues which were finally recognized as contributing to negative production variances. Even in operations perceived to be successful, deficiencies in grade control are often masked by measures taken by an operation to compensate a deficiency in one area with outperformance in another. The advantages in having a realistic and adequate grade control plan developed at an early project stage by a geologist(s) with considerable operations experience are manifold. It’s important for the geologist to prepare clear inputs into the mine plan backed by detailed supporting information in usable, flexible formats. When the decision is made to advance a project, the exploration team passes its model to a mine planner. The team doesn’t usually provide a detailed grade control plan with the block model, thus the planner tends to treat grade control as an activity to be rolled into a broader operating category. The consequences of highly compartmentalized mine planning can be severe in the long run. Once a plan is tabled, and especially once production begins, it is very difficult to improve grade control outside the fixed parameters of the operation. Major fixes tend to be costly in terms of time and dollars. Implementing needed changes to the grade control practices and culture in an established mine can present almost insurmountable difficulties. Hypothetical examples of grade control planning are presented to illustrate the author’s points. The diagrams are conceptual and schematic; any resemblance to actual deposits is coincidental. BEYOND 50¢/TON In more than a few cases, grade control cost is buried in a subcategory of mining cost with little more consideration than a plugged number. It is possible to do a word search in 43-101 Technical Reports on advanced projects and without finding reference to “ore control” or “grade control”. The idea is to reach the orebody by the shortest and least expensive means, achieving production and investor payback at the earliest possible occasion. This entails a low stripping ratio pit or a decline ramp with sills on ore to prepare the first stopes. The processes to achieve the target production, one of which is grade control, will fit into this framework. After all, there is a block model and the planner can see the grade and tons in each block. The exploration geologist whose responsibility was to bring a large percentage of the deposit into mineral resource owns the model and has released it to planning. Now comes the planning stage. Mine geologists haven’t been hired yet and they will be phased in with production. What could go wrong? Larger companies may have the geologists with operating depth who will be inserted into the mine planning discussions, but it’s not a given. Junior companies must often delegate the conceptual and detailed planning tasks to consultant groups. Is a senior-level grade control review part of the scope of work for the mine planning? If a good grade control plan is in place before the mine geology team is staffed, a key element of success is assured."

Jan 1, 2018

By P. G. Clites

A laboratory furnace was developed by the Federal Bureau of Mines for use in studying the interrelationships among variables associated with skull melting and casting high-temperature metals. Although additional work is necessary to determine the extent to which the information obtained by using this furnace can be extrapolated to larger furnaces of the same type, many casting characteristics of metals and alloys can be determined on equipment of this size. This furnace is a laboratory-size, consumable-electrode, skull-casting furnace equipped with a water-cooled copper ladle. The ladle, which is a tilt-pour or over-the-lip type, has a volume of approximately 30 cubic inches and provides up to 20 cubic inches of molten metal for castings. Castings of various reactive and refractory metals, including zirconium, titanium, hafnium, columbium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten, have been produced. In addition, castings of iron, chromium, and copper have been made. The simplicity and versatility of the apparatus would make it useful to metallurgical laboratories preparing cast specimens.

Jan 1, 1961

What is your personal view and assessment of the overall health of the industry in the current global economy? The economic outlook remains soft for the near future and, although the global economy is showing signs of recovery, uncertainty has tempered the pace of recovery. In addition to uncertainty, we are still facing significant economic challenges in many parts of the world, including Europe and the United States. The rapid expansion of China?s economy has recently slowed, further contributing to the sense of uncertainty in the overall health of the global economy. This situation is both a blessing and a curse, depending on which sector of the mining industry we are considering. For example, coal, industrial minerals, aggregates, base metal and precious metals markets are impacted by different forces and drivers and will experience different outcomes within the same economic environment. Let me give a few concrete examples to illustrate this concept. The prevailing economic uncertainty that I have just described tends to drive investors toward safe havens. Gold has historically been viewed as a safe haven and as long as investors shy away from traditional investments, gold prices will remain high and gold mining companies will continue to expand and invest capital in their operations. The same sluggish economy that drives gold prices higher has the opposite effect on other segments of the minerals industry. A great example of this is industrial minerals and aggregates used in construction. The markets that consume these minerals have contracted significantly over the past five years. The outlook for this segment is poor, as the glut of available housing continues to inhibit demand for new construction and, thus, many industrial minerals. In addition to this, the federal government?s lack of political will to enact long-term legislation funding transportation and infrastructure projects continues to be a drag on the U.S. aggregates industry.

Jan 1, 2013

By A D. Turnbull

In Canada, although some research on extraction metallurgy is carried out by the universities and by government, the primary responsibility for the research necessary to the mining industry rests on the industry it-self. Automation is coming more slowly to the mining industry than to others, partly because of the problems of instrumentation. Operations research methods are, however, coming into use. Some new developments in the extraction of aluminum, in iron and steel, in pyrometallurgy and in pressure leaching of nickel, copper, zinc and lead are briefly outlined. Mention is made of uranium and the reactive metals. The importance of the by-product metals, notably antimony, bismuth, gallium, germanium, indium and tellurium, in the development of the electronics industry is also mentioned. The trend toward co-operative research by groups of producers, to develop markets for their products, is noted. In conclusion, there are a greater number of trained scientists, as well as larger amounts of scientific knowledge, available to the mineral industry than ever before, and, if properly used, this will result in great benefits to the industry and to Canada.

Jan 1, 1963

By J Shillabeer

Paste backfill has been adopted by many underground mines in North America and a growing number elsewhere. Paste offers a number of advantages. This paper suggests wider applications of paste technology to surface tailings disposal and water management. Advantages include improved overall stability, potentially easier permitting, smaller water inventory and earlier reclamation. It may be feasible to use the same plant to prepare backfill and to dispose of surplus tailings. Example cost models are given to illustrate potential applications.

Jan 1, 1998

By S. Amira

In the last two decades, many new creep-resistant magnesium alloys have been developed for high temperatures applications. Their mechanical performance and corrosion behaviour were reported for various experimental conditions. However, these conditions often led to uneven comparison basis. In the present study the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion performance of four of these newly developed creep-resistant magnesium alloys were systematically compared. Specimens were obtained from experimental box-like components that were die-cast and thixocast in comparable conditions. Their mechanical and corrosion properties were compared using similar testing conditions. Results show that the creep resistance, strength and impact resistance of specimens are comparable but systematically lower compared to specimens cast under optimized conditions. The reduced concentration of elements such as Al, Ca, Sr and Ce lead to a decrease of the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloys in 3.5% NaCI solution.

Jan 1, 2007

Giant gold deposits are considered products of crustal-scale systems. Reduced fluids stored in mid to lower crustal reservoirs were discharged into mid to upper crustal sites of deposition. Elements of the architecture include crustal-scale structures, reduced packages of rock and regional seals. Gas-rich aqueous fluids were common but non-aqueous fluids may have been significant in the deeper parts of the systems. Fluid fluxes in over pressured domains were maintained by porosity waves. Abnormal heat input from the mantle may not be required once the systems were perturbed. Fluid-mixing and hypogene enrichment were probably the most significant precipitation processes.

Jan 1, 1999

By M Lynch, B White

The historic city of Charters Towers in North Queensland is underlain by an extensive labyrinth of old mine workings in a large number of flat lying, subparallel, main and cross-cutting cross reefs extending of the order of 5 km along strike and down to a depth of 700 m in parts. These old workings produced over 6.6 million ounces of gold at a grade of over one ounce to the tonne prior to closure in 1920.Citigold is progressing the development of a modern, high productivity, low cost new mine to extract extensions of these reefs as well as other as yet un-mined reefs. To do this it is changing the paradigm for operating in such circumstances. This paper first briefly reviews the setting for the development and then discusses the philosophies and concepts that Citigold is proposing to use, harnessing technology to create a mine that exemplifies more productive and safer mining based on operating in the digital age.The paper addresses how a modern approach is being applied to the planning of a mechanised, deep, narrow vein, hard rock gold mine under a city. It also describes briefly the successful æexperimentationÆ with longhole open stoping methods developed at the companyÆs small underground operation (the Imperial Mine) to the south of the city, which will also be expanded substantially as part of the Charters Towers Gold Project.The paper also addresses the development of new and/or modified technologies in the venture, with the objective of pursuing continuous and autonomous mining methods. The company is adopting a holistic systems approach, addressing people, process and technology in order to efficiently identify and locate the high-grade ore zones and then extract them effectively at a high grade by minimising waste development and haulage, dilution and energy consumption, and with minimal environmental impact.CITATION:Lynch, M and White, B, 2013. Brave new world autonomous mining systems, in Proceedings World Gold 2013 , pp 157-166 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).

Sep 26, 2013

By C Woodall, G Jardine

The Henty Gold Mine, located in Western Tasmania uses innovative solutions to effectively manage a mining operation in an environmentally sensitive setting and has been presented with several environmental awards. Fill is required as part of the mining method to provide passive ground support, minimise rock exposure and ensure maximum recovery of the small but high-grade orebody. The use of the whole portion of leach residue in the backfill reduces the surface tailing disposal requirements. Therefore, High Density Paste Fill (HDPF) has been selected as the most appropriate fill method to meet these objectives. Additional benefits include the minimisation of excess water from fill and the subsequent need for the collection and treatment of water and slimes. There are minimal equipment requirements during placement, thereby optimising mine resources for production. This paper covers the development of a suitable paste fill system to meet the specific needs of the Henty Gold Mine and the successful commissioning of this system for the first time in Australia.

Jan 1, 1998

By Timothy O’Rourke, Karrie Buxton, Chris Lynagh, Daniel Dobbels, Frederick Vincent

The Doan Valley Storage Tunnel Project in Cleveland Ohio was constructed to control Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs). It is a complex system of three tunnels ranging from 8.5 to 18 feet in diameter with a total length of about 2.3 miles that was put into operation in mid-2021. The project lies within and below the cultural, educational, and medical hub of Cleveland, which presented unique design and construction challenges. This paper provides a case history of the design and construction, with particular attention given to lessons learned in devising a large tunnel system that can carry both dry and wet weather flows constructed in rock with limited cover, within a flood plain area and vibrant urban center

Dec 1, 2022

By David Wright, Jerome Chamfray, Anthony Harding, Brian Boye

Conway’s Law states that unless we intentionally design automation tools around what we need, we will simply replicate our existing processes. While we may achieve some savings this way, there is an opportunity for greater benefits if we re-imagine the way we, as an industry, perform design. This paper examines current technology and shows how even small departures from merely encoding what we currently do could reap significant benefits. From these examples a framework is developed for a new and innovative approach tvo automation that will allow us to design more quickly, to a higher quality, and communicate outcomes more effectively.

Dec 1, 2022