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I HAVE previously demonstrated to you as well as I knew how in what way ores are treated and then how the separated metals are brought to their pure and ultimate limit of perfection by means of smelting and other artificial fires; all except gold, which remained incorporated in the silver. Because the method used for the others does not serve for this, and if indeed it did serve it would be a great labor and could not be done without a great loss of the thing, it is therefore necessary to proceed with the practice of another art if you wish finally to extract gold from the bonds of the intrinsic substance of silver, for it exists bound and scattered in this like the soul in the body of living creatures. In this, unlike the other works where you make direct use of the vigor of the fire, you use a substance that is like water, drawn by the force of fire from a very powerful composition of two materials. This is a very marvelous thing to consider as a liquor because of its powerful effects. It is made by artificial distillations and it has an acid property and the power of corroding and reducing into itself silver and any other metal placed in it, with the exception of gold. Nothing is apparent in it except a pure water. It is indeed a very ingenious thing for which we must be greatly indebted to that philosopher, alchemist, or whoever else was its discoverer. The silver that contains gold is put in this water, and from its former quiet state you will see it change as if forced to combat and breathlessly devour and consume that silver in itself and change it into water. This happens in a very short time and with very little help from the heat of the fire. All the gold that was united in the silver you will see like sand at the bottom, and when the water is taken off by decantation it will freely give you all the gold without any loss. Nor is it so ill-mannered as to fail to restore the silver to its place if you wish; and though it seems to have consumed and spoiled it as it was before, it returns it to you without loss. Since the process of this art is a very useful thing for anyone who knows

Jan 1, 1942

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Jan 1, 1915

Page Foreword—H. Foster Bain........................ 9 Letter of Transmittal—F. Julius Fohs...................11

Jan 1, 1927

By B. Barlin, G. A. L. Smith, I. J. I. Delaney

A method was developed to quantify the three mineral species, sphalerite, galena, and pyrite in seven concentrator products. Intermineral effects were studied and a statistical analysis was undertaken to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method. The method is both rapid and suitable for plant control purposes. Furthermore, it requires only semiskilled laboratory personnel to carry out all the analyses.

Jan 1, 1976

By H. H. Reamer, B. H. Sage

The formation volume and the relative volume of the liquid Phase of mixtures of Condensate and gas from five different parts of a field in the Louisiana area have been established experimentally. These studies included gas-condensate ratios as high as 25.000 cu ft/bbl at pressures up to 5,000 psi. The gravities of the tank condensates were between 53.9° and 63.9° API. The compositions of the condensate and gas samples inves-ligated are presented in tabular form. The formation volume. the relative volume of the liquid phase. and the specific volume of the mixtures are available. A rough correlation of the formation volume as a function of pressure. temperature, and gas-condensate ratio has been presented. This correlation i-considered applicable only to the range of conditions covered in this investigation for systems of similar nature and com-position. INTRODUCTION Often a knowledge of the influence of temperature. Pres sure, and relative quantities of condensate and gas upon the volumetric behavior of fluid*. from a given field has been employed in estimating the Conditions existing in the reservoir. The early work of Beecher and Parkhurst' and the more rrcent Studies of the Dominguez' and San Joaqnin Valley Field;: are examples of experimental studies of this character. Correlation of the volumetric behavior of naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures has Proved To be feasible' . at low gas-conden-sate ratios-; for fluids*. from a single geographic area. Progres 5 is being made in the Prediction of the volumetric behavior of distillate systems at high gas-condensate ratios and pressure.. However. the estimation of the retrograde". ' dew-point pressure still remains uncertain and probably can best be established by experiment. For this reason it appears of interest to make available experimental information about the volumetric behavior of mixtures of condensate and gas from five different part.; of a single field. This material shows a rough similarity to data for mixtures of condensate and gas from San Joaqnin ' Valley Fields. In the present paper. 110 attempt has been made to coordinate the available information on tbe volumetric behavior of fluids from condensate fields. It appears hopeful that progress can be realized by the utilization of recently developed equa-tions of state.!' However. the primary problem in any such correlation is the proper identification of the components and constituents of naturally occuring systems. Additional experimental information may be required to permit the determination of the values of the constants of the equation of state for References given at end of paper. Manuscriptt received in the office of the Petroleum Branch June 11. 1951. *For present purposes low gas- condensate ratios will he considered as those below 3,000 cu ft/bbl, and the region of high gas-condensate ratio will be limited to compositions containing more than 5,000 cu ft of pas per bbl of condensate. Mixtures Containing between 3,000 and 5.000 CII ft OF gas per bbl will be considered of intermediate gas-condensate ratio.

Jan 1, 1952

POSITIONS VACANT (Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of the Institute by members or other persons.) Opening for man as head of laboratory of large brass manufacturing plant in Ohio; must also be competent to manage foundry making brass castings, following practice of malleable iron castings and insulating materials. Good opportunity for right man. No. 36. Professorship in Mining at a Western university; requires man competent to give instruction in ore dressing, in metal and coal mining, and in zinc smelting, and capable of gaining confidence of mining interests. Salary $2,200 to $3,000. No. 37. ENGINEERS AVAILABLE (Under this heading will be published notes sent to the Secretary of - the Institute by members or other persons introduced by members.) Member, graduate engineer, aged 44, with over 20 years' experience in connection with large coal and coke operations in different parts of the country, desires position as general superintendent of large coal company, or will take an interest with the management in a smaller company. No. 206.

Jan 6, 1915

By D. A. Dahlstrom

D. R. Lyons (Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland)— Some tests using wet tables conducted by an operating company to determine the effect of table-water density on the quality of the washed coal should be of interest. The only variable during the testing period was the percentage of solids in the table water. Table operating data are shown in Table XV. The ash content of the washed coal remained constant or nearly so, as the percentage of solids varied while the sulphur content of the washed coal decreased as the percentage of solids increased.

Jan 1, 1952

By Thomas J. Almy

The Ontario croppings were struck July 19th, 1872, by Herman Budden, who, together with his partners, at once began to prospect their claim. Within five weeks their development work enabled them to sell it for $30,000 to R. C. Chambers, who represented the

Jan 1, 1888

By H. A. J. Wilkens, H. B. C. Nitze

At the Atlanta meeting of the Institute in October,' 1895, some brief remarks were made by Mr. Wilkens on the above subject. It is the object of this paper to set forth the substance of these previous statements, embodying therewith additional information gained since that time, and a brief illustrated description of the method and means of the separation.* Lack of time will unfortunately not allow as complete a resume of the subject in all its phases, especially those relating to the scientific side of the question, as its novelty and importance would warrant, so that even this paper must be considered a preliminary one. It is hoped that at some future meeting of the Institute we may find an opportunity of presenting supplementary data of interest. The paradoxical title above used requires some explanation. The term " non-magnetic material " is applied to such substances as have heretofore been considered non-magnetic in the arts, more especially in the practice of ore-concentration. Scientifically, it has been shown by Faraday, Plucker, Wiedemann and other physicists that magnetism is an inherent property common to all substances, solid, liquid and gaseous, i.e., all suhstances are either attracted or repelled by the poles of a magnet, although ill the great majority of cases the manifestation of this

Jan 1, 1897

By I. Nilsson, G. Sundkvist, A. Danielsson

A spectrochemical method of slag analysis is descibed which utilizes fusion of the sample with a flux, then cooling and crushing to put all samples into a common form. The powder, is then fed onto adhesive tape and passed through a spark by means of a special device to provide very reproducible discharge conditions. Combined with a direct-reading optical emission instrument, this system provides speed and accuracy of antilysis heretofore unobtainable for. slag samples by any other method. THERE are many suggested methods for spectro-chemical analysis of slags. The most important are fusion-pellet methods and solution methods. In our company the fusion-pellet method has been used earlier, and is described by Lounamaa. W. H. Tingle and C. K. Matocha have made refinements of the pellet method.' A Committee of the British Iron and Steel Research Association has investigated different methods of spectrochemical analysis of slags. Its purpose was to formulate a method which would give the complete analysis in 30 min with an accuracy of ±3 pct. The committee recommends a solution technique, which was thought to correspond best to their requirements. The method to be described is a fusion-tape method. The sample is isoformed by fusion and grinding. The powder is analyzed with the tape technique. The tape machine and some of its applications are described earlier.4'5 The powder to be analyzed is continuously fed onto a moving adhesive tape, which passes through the spark gap. The sparks break through the tape and vaporize and excite the material to be analyzed. The most outstanding feature of the tape machine is its very high reproducibility. The concept of isoformation has been introduced earlier.= It means a pretreatment of the samples to make them uniform from the spectralanalytical point of view, i.e., cancelling systematic differences between the samples. The purpose of the isoformation is to reduce the influence of particle size, as well as chemical and mineral composition. Before describing the isoformation by fusion plus grinding, which is the purpose of this paper, a few words will be said about two other types of isoformations, i.e., grinding with buffer and ion exchange plus grinding as they have been considered during the application of the tape technique for slag analysis. Grinding with buffer might be a sufficient isoformation in some special cases, where the mineral composition is defined. The time of grinding must, however, be rather long, at least 5 to 10 min, even when using such an efficient mill as the Swing Mill from Messrs. Siebtechnik, Mühlheim, Germany. This type of isoformation is not recommended due to its limitations and due to the fact that the gain in time compared with the fusion technique is almost negligible. The principle of ion exchange plus grinding and some of its applications have been described.5 The following elements of interest in slag analysis can be determined in this way: Na, K, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Pb, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni. The very important element Si, however, cannot be analyzed with this method. Although the ion exchange isoformation for slag analysis cannot be looked upon as a routine method, it can be used for

Jan 1, 1962

By R. W. Brauchli

The author has made a statistical analysis of the relations between recovery and length of cores, diameters of cores and of drill pipe, and cost of coring under different contractual conditions. The data are presented in tabular form. The length of the core appears to play a minor part in the percentage recovered, with a tendency to lower percentages with increased core length; approximately 50 per cent of the length cored is normally recovered if the cores are more than 2 in. in diameter. The diarneter of the core has a more pronounced influence on the recovery; 1 3/8-in. cores average 29.1 per cent, 2 1/8 -in. core 53.4 per cent and 3 1/8-in. cores with 6 5/8-in. drill pipe 68.5 per cent. Where 31/8-in cores were taken with smaller diameter drill pipe, i. e., 4 1/2 - in. drill pipe in 8 1/4-in. hole, the recovery dropped to 49.8 per cent, indicating that the more rigid drill pipe favors good core recovery, a conclusion also borne out by the results obtained in using large drill pipe for smaller diame-ter cores. Surprisingly good recoveries were obtained from both the Johnson and Simpson sands; shale, limestone and dolomite each gave less then average recoveries. No serious fishing jobs resulted from coring operations. Attention is called to the need of a core drill which will make it possible to drill a full-sized hole while coring, and thus reduce the cost of cores. Data pertaining to core drilling should be consistently recorded, such as, diameter of drill pipe and collar, diameter of core, recovery, size of cutter heads, type of core-barrel, coring time, speeds of rotation and of pumps, weight on core-barrel, etc.

Jan 1, 1933

By J. C. Williams, M. J. Blackburn

MANY aspects of the formation of the metastable w phase in titanium-transition metal alloys have been described in several recent papers.1-4 These papers have reviewed earlier work on the w phase and have further defined most of the important features related to the formation of this phase, e.g-., its crystal structure, composition, and morphology. There are, however, several important points regarding formation of the w phase in titanium alloys which have been described in less detail. Two of these are the relationship between lattice misfit and w phase morphology and the influence of lattice misfit on the mode of formation of the equilibrium a phase. In this communi- cation we will present transmission electron microscopy results relevant to these two points. The alloys used in this study were prepared by non-consumable electrode arc melting, each 30-g button being remelted a minimum of twelve times. The alloy compositions we have studied are listed in Table I. Thin foils were prepared using standard techniques described elsewhere. Two distinct c' phase morphologies have been reported in earlier papers. The phase is ellipsoidal in the Ti-Mo3 and Ti-Nbl system and cubical in the Ti-V3 system. Results of the present study show that the w phase is also cubical in Ti-Mn, Ti-Fe, and Ti-Cr alloys as illustrated in Fig. l(b) to (d). Fig. l(a) shows the ellipsoidal morphology in Ti-MO3 for comparison purposes. It was suggested in an earlier paper3 that the w phase morphology may be controlled by the lat-

Jan 1, 1970

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Jan 1, 1920

Full sets of 149 Vols., including 4 Indexes, covering 1871-1940 incl. Indexes to Vols. 1-35, 36-55, 56-72, 73-117 (set of 4 Indexes)

Jan 1, 1940