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Year Institute of Metals ? Petroleum - Iron and Steel ? Coal ? Mineral Industry Education - Industrial Minerals 1918 W M CORSE 1919 1920 W H BASSETT 1921 1922 W B PRICE 1923 E DEGOLYER 1924 G K ELLIOTT 1925 F JULIUS FOHS 1926 PAUL D MERICA 1927 JOHN M LOVEJOY 1928 S SKOWRONSKI A W AMBROSE RALPH H SWEETSER 1929 J B UMPLEBY G B WATERHOLSE 1930 ZAY JEFFRIES C V MILLIKAN W J MACKENZIEHOWARD N EAVENSON 1931 SAM TOUR C E BEECHER F M BECKET 1932 C H MATHEWSON EARL OLIVER F N SPELLERTHOMAS G FEAR C H FULTON

Jan 1, 1952

Truman H. Aldrich '78 W. S. Ayres '73 Andrew A. Blair '75 Walter M. Brodie '72 H. M. Chance '74 Fred'k G Corning '77 Ralph Crocker '81 A. W. Crookston '80 George M. Davidson '81 W. B. Devereaux '80 H. S. Drinker Founder William E. C. Eustis '76 B. F. Fackenthal, Jr. '80 John Hays Hammond '81 Edward Hart '81 A. Heckscher '79 Henry D. Hibbard '79 Francis C. Holman '81 Julian Kennedy '79 William,St. George Kent '72 Frank Klepetko '80 Wheaton B. Kunhardt '80 Daniel J. Leary '81 Frank Lyman '77 John Markle '79 Samuel Mather '79

Jan 1, 1923

(Members are urged to send in for this column any notes of interest concerning themselves or their fellow-members.) Members and guests who registered at Institute headquarters during the period Mar. 10 to Apr. 10, 1915: Oscar Lachmund, Greenwood, B. C. Harvey B. Small, Mangaugue, Colombia. S. W. Ough, Pachuca, Mexico. M. F. Sayre, Schenectady, N. Y. B. W. Vallat, Detroit, Mich. James W. Hambleton, Parral, Mexico. Charles Mentzel, New York, N. I . Philip L. Gill, Woodmere, L. I., N. 1. M. K. Rodgers, San Francisco, Cal. John T. Fuller is President of the F. Shepherd Mining Co., operating at Rush Mountain, Ark.

Jan 5, 1915

AARONS, J. BOYD, Major. AGNEW, FRANK VANS. ALLEN, HERMAN H., Private, D Co., 8th -Reserve Engineers. BAINS, THOMAS M., Major, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BANKS, H. R., Lieutenant, Canadian Engineers, B. E. F. BARBOUR, PERCY E., Deputy Supt. (Captain), New York State Troopers; Captain, 22d Regiment, N. Y. N. G. BARLING, H. B., Ist Lieutenant', Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BIGELOW, BRAXTON. BLOOMFIELD, E. C., Lieutenant. , BORROW, F. K. BROCK, R. W., Major, 19th Reserve Battalion of Canadians. BROOKS, ALFRED H., Captain, Engineer Officers' Reserve Corps. BROWNE, DE COURCY, 1st Lieutenant, Ordnance Dept., Fortress Monroe, Va.

Jan 9, 1917

By J. M. De La Garza Cárdenas

The total production of oil in Mexico in 1942 was 34,715,547 bbl.; that is, 8,179,254 bbl. less than the amount produced in 1941. The daily average for 1942 was 95,111 bbl., while that for 1941 was I17,520 barrels. The reduction of 22,409 bbl. per day in production was due to a decrease in exports because of the scarcity of tankers. This reduction has affected principally the Northern and Southern districts of the Tampico area; in December the Northern district (Panuco) was producing less than zoo0 bbl. per day with 445 wells shut down and the Southern district (GolJen Lane) less than $000 bbl. per day with 140 wells shut down. Drilling.—During the year 14 wells were drilled in Mexico, of which five were productive. Seven dry holes were drilled in Ebano, Tampico Northern district, in search for new producing fractures; plans are being made to explore this area by means of resistivity measurements. Three producing wells were completed in Poza Rica. Drilling in this important field will continue during 1943 to determine its extension to the west. In the Isthmus of Tehuantepec no wells were completed. Two gas wells were completed in northeastern Mexico. Wildcats.-—Two wildcat wells were completed during the year, to test the extension of the Golden Lane to the south; both were unproductive. In the Isthmus a deeper sand was found in the El Plan field* This discovery has made an important increase in the reserves in this field and will allow an increase in the production of the area during 1943. In December, three exploration wells were being drilled, two in the Tampico area and one in the Isthmus. Operating Technology.— Satisfactory progress has been made in Mexico in the application of petroleum engineering to the development and operation of the oil fields. Mud control is now an established practice and has lessened the number of fishing jobs and has allowed more open hole to be carried than formerly was possible. During 1942 the first effective use was made of determinations of bottom-hole pressure, and other modern production practices such as gun-perforating and squeeze-cementing are being introduced. Plans for 1943 The oil production during 1943 is expected to be slightly larger than that of 1942, especially if tankers are available for exporting crude and refined products. The Government proposes to increase exploration and drilling activities to increase the reserves and potential production of the country; about 50 wells will be drilled during the year, including wildcat wells in northeastern Mexico, Tampico and Isthmus areas and exploitation wells in the Ebano-Panuco, Poza Rica, El Plan and Cuichapa fields. Acknowledgment Mr. A. Barnetche, of the Production Department, "Petr6leos Mexicanos," assisted the writer in the preparation of the statistical data.

Jan 1, 1943

By J. M. De La Garza Cárdenas

The total production of oil in Mexico in 1942 was 34,715,547 bbl.; that is, 8,179,254 bbl. less than the amount produced in 1941. The daily average for 1942 was 95,111 bbl., while that for 1941 was I17,520 barrels. The reduction of 22,409 bbl. per day in production was due to a decrease in exports because of the scarcity of tankers. This reduction has affected principally the Northern and Southern districts of the Tampico area; in December the Northern district (Panuco) was producing less than zoo0 bbl. per day with 445 wells shut down and the Southern district (GolJen Lane) less than $000 bbl. per day with 140 wells shut down. Drilling.—During the year 14 wells were drilled in Mexico, of which five were productive. Seven dry holes were drilled in Ebano, Tampico Northern district, in search for new producing fractures; plans are being made to explore this area by means of resistivity measurements. Three producing wells were completed in Poza Rica. Drilling in this important field will continue during 1943 to determine its extension to the west. In the Isthmus of Tehuantepec no wells were completed. Two gas wells were completed in northeastern Mexico. Wildcats.-—Two wildcat wells were completed during the year, to test the extension of the Golden Lane to the south; both were unproductive. In the Isthmus a deeper sand was found in the El Plan field* This discovery has made an important increase in the reserves in this field and will allow an increase in the production of the area during 1943. In December, three exploration wells were being drilled, two in the Tampico area and one in the Isthmus. Operating Technology.— Satisfactory progress has been made in Mexico in the application of petroleum engineering to the development and operation of the oil fields. Mud control is now an established practice and has lessened the number of fishing jobs and has allowed more open hole to be carried than formerly was possible. During 1942 the first effective use was made of determinations of bottom-hole pressure, and other modern production practices such as gun-perforating and squeeze-cementing are being introduced. Plans for 1943 The oil production during 1943 is expected to be slightly larger than that of 1942, especially if tankers are available for exporting crude and refined products. The Government proposes to increase exploration and drilling activities to increase the reserves and potential production of the country; about 50 wells will be drilled during the year, including wildcat wells in northeastern Mexico, Tampico and Isthmus areas and exploitation wells in the Ebano-Panuco, Poza Rica, El Plan and Cuichapa fields. Acknowledgment Mr. A. Barnetche, of the Production Department, "Petr6leos Mexicanos," assisted the writer in the preparation of the statistical data.

Jan 1, 1943

By A. D. Hughes

A relatively small area in Malaya, about 200 miles long by 40 miles wide, is the most important source of tin in the world. Some tin is recovered in other parts of the peninsula. Of the tin mined, 98 pct is recovered from alluvial deposits. From 1935 to 1941 the average annual world production of tin was 190,000 tons. The average annual production from Malaya during the same period was 62,000 tons or about one third of the total. Other producing countries, in order of importance, were the Netherlands East Indies 34,000 tons, Bolivia 30,000, Belgian Congo, Nigeria, Siam, Burma, China, and a few others with smaller amounts. The serious shortage of tin during the war period was due to the fact that the Japanese were occupying Malaya, Netherlands East Indies, Siam, Burma, and China which, together, formerly were producing 65 pct of the world supply.

Jan 1, 1949

By John A. Baker

S EVERAL FACTORS have brought about a vastly greater interest in the gold-mining industry in the last two or three years. Outstanding is the fact that there is an open market at a fixed price for all that can be produced. a condition that holds for no other commodity. Costs of production have decreased greatly, owing to lower prices of supplies and equipment and lower wages. Improved metallurgical processes and equipment are also available. To big new gold district is being opened up but virgin ground is being prospected with some success in many of the more remote parts of the world and right here in the United States many old properties are being reopened 111 the light of present condition<, tailing dumps are being re- worked, and profitable leases taken on abandoned property. Many of the men who are becoming interested in gold are mining engineers whose experience has all been with base metals heretofore: some are engineers with no mining experience; some are not engineers at all but men who cannot find profitable employment in their usual field of activity and are attracted by the age-old lore of the yellow metal. Some are business men with a little money and an idea that under present conditions gold mining offers a safer investment for it than most other kinds of business. It is to those more or less inexperienced new- comers in the gold-mining industry that this article i4 ad dressed. Those who are connected with the large gold mines or who have had rears of experience with the small ones will find in the following pages little or nothing of interest but it is hoped that the newer generation of small mine operators, on whom the healthy growth of the industry depends so much, may find here some helpful hints.

Jan 1, 1932

Discussions of the paper of Mr. Gayley read by title at the Lake Superior hieeting, but first presented at the New York meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute, October, 1904 (see p. 746). With the exception of Mr. Pourcel&apos;s discussion (p. 1038), these papers are here published under a mutual agreement between the Councils of the two Institutes, and will also be found, with others, in the Journal of the Iron and Steel In-slitute for the pear 1904, Mr. E. Windsor Richards, Past-President,&apos; said that in 1799 Mr. Dawson, of Low Moor, read a paper before a scientific society in York pointing out the great diff&apos;erence in the moisture of the air going into the blast-furnace in the hot months of the year and in the winter months. A cold blast-furnace was a very sensitive instrument, and showed this very clearly, for in June, July and August the furnace did not drive so well; it did not make the quality of iron and required more fuel; so that Mr. Gayley was on the right road to effect an enormous improvement in this direction. He considered that Mr. Gayley was on the way to great success, and hoped that the apparatus would not be a very expensive one. He supposed it mas too early for Mr. Gayley to let them know what the saviug was

Jan 1, 1905

The following is a partial list of members and guests who called at Institute headquarters during the period July 10, 1917, to Aug. 10, 1917: G. A. Collins, Seattle, Wash. Norman Picot, Melbourne, Aust. A. D. R. Galloway, Komfrodua, W. Africa. W. E. Pomeroy, El Paso, Tex. F. Lynwood Garrison, Philadelphia,; Pa. Francis R. Pyne, Elizabeth, N. J. Geo. M. Henderson, Bland, N. M. W. L. Remick, W. Norfolk, Va. L. B. Herr, Jr., So, Bethlehem, Pa. M. F. Sayre, Schenectady, N. Y. Zay Jeffries, Cleveland, 0. Leighton Stewart, New York, N. Y. H. H. Lauer, Allentown, Pa. Randolph D. Talmage, Joplin, Mo. Wm. B. McKinlay, Yonkers, N. Y. H. J. Volker, Ossining, N. Y. A. N. Mackay, Republic of Colombia. Dwight E. Woodbridge, Duluth, Minn. Edmund Newton, Minneapolis, Minn. Kwong Wu, Peking, China. J. N. Acosta has resigned his position as mining engineer for the Shannon Copper Co., Gleeson, Ariz., and is now engaged as consulting engineer for Lower California, Mexico, with headquarters at San Diego, Cal. L. D. Albin, formerly assistant general sales manager of the Ingersoll-Rand Co., was appointed general sales manager on July 25,1917.

Jan 9, 1917

By Kenyon E. Richard, James H. Courtright

SILVER Bell is situated 35 airline miles northwest of Tucson, Ariz., in a small, rugged range rising above the extensive alluvial plains of this desert region. Its geographical relation to other porphyry copper deposits of the Southwest is shown on the inset map in the lower left corner of Fig. 1. The climate is semi-arid. Altitudes range within 2000 and 4000 ft. Opening of the Boot mine, later known as the Mammoth, in 1865 was the first event of note in the district&apos;s history. Oxidized copper ores containing minor silver-lead values were mined from replacement deposits in garnetized limestone and treated in local smelters. Copper production had approached 45 million pounds by 1909 when the disseminated copper possibilities in igneous rocks were recognized. Extensive churn drill exploration carried out during the next three years resulted in partial de- lineation of two copper sulphide deposits, the Oxide and El Tiro. Although the then submarginal tenor discouraged exploitation of these disseminated deposits, selective mining of orebodies in the sedimentary rocks continued intermittently until 1930, providing a production total of about 100 million pounds of copper.

Jan 11, 1954

By Ashok K. Sinha

During the course of an in~*estigation into the occurrence of ordered AB3 structures, the following new phases have been found —CrRh3 (AuCu3 type), CrCo3 (MgCd3 type), HfCo4 (Ths Mn23 type), and WPt, MoPh type). The composition of the TiPt3-x phase (TiNi, type) is close to Ti23Pl77. The alloy chenzistry of transition rnetal AB3 structures is rezliewed in the light of electron concentration correlations of hex-agonality recently obtained for quasi-binary alloys. The relatizte colurne contraction in the AB3 structures increases with increasing difference in volume of the conzponents. A family of ordered close-packed layered structures is formed by stacking identical layers of composition AB, in various sequences, such that the coordination is twelvefold throughout and there are no A-A contacts. Previous work&apos; on quasi-binary AB3 alloys has led to the conclusion that the stacking sequence of the AB, structures changes with increasing radius ratio RA/RB from a purely cubic, through different mixtures of hexagonal and cubic stacking to a purely hexagonal stacking. However. for binary AB3 alloys, a correlation between the type of the crystal structure and the position of the components in the various volumns of the periodic table has been noted.2-5 It has been noted6 that this correlation appears to hold even though the radius ratio RA/RB may vary over a considerable range with the location of the components in the three long periods. Another study7" of several quasi-binary systems led to the conclusion that an increase in hexagonality of the stacking is associated with increase in the electron concentration e/a. as defined by the average per atom of the total number of electrons outside the inert gas shells. In apparent conflict with this conclusion, it is known that seven binary alloy structures isotypic with TiNi3 which is 50 pct hexagonal occur at a higher electron concentration (e/n = 8.5) than that (e/a = 8.25) for the 100 pct hexagonal MgCd3 type structure present in seven binary AB3 alloys. Table 111. In the present work, an investigation into the occurrence of binary AB3 structures in transition metal alloys was made, and a survey of binary AB3 structures is presented. EXPERIMENTAL The starting materials were pure metals of 99.9 wt pct purity. The alloys were arc-melted under partial pressure of argon and annealed in sealed silica capsules lined with molybdenum foil under argon at- mosphere. The total weight loss upon melting and subsequent annealing was always less than 1 pct and hence the alloys will be referred to by their intended (unanalyzed) compositions. Wherever the constitution permitted. the alloys were given a homogenizing treatment at 1200°C (3 days) prior to annealing. Unless otherwise stated all alloys were annealed at 900°C for 1 week and water-quenched. Sometimes the final annealing treatment was carried out on powders to accelerate the attainment of equilibrium. X-ray powder patterns were taken using a Guinier-de Wolff focusing camera (CuK, radiation) or an asymmetrical focusing camera (Co or CrK, radiation). For lattice parameter determination. internal silicon standards were employed. The intensity calculations were made using a Fortran IV program written by Jeitschko and parthe.9 RESULTS Twenty AB3 and three AB4 alloys were investigated. Table I lists the crystallographic data on some of the intermediate phases encountered in the present work. Table II contains the X-ray data for HfCo, (Th,,Mn,, type). The positional parameter, x. was assumed to be 0.378. the value for Th6Mnn2310 The X-ray pattern of ZrCo, was very similar to that of HfCo, and the previous structure determination of ZrCo, by Kuzma el al." was confirmed. Ordering in the alloy CrCo could be ascertained by the presence of only one weak super lattice line (101). the others being too weak presumably owing to the small difference in the scattering powers of chromium and cobalt. This line was observed in the X-ray pattern of powder from the massive sample annealed at 830°C (7 days) after the powder had been reannealed at 600°C (24 hr). The diffraction pattern of the powder similarly reannealed at 830°C (24 hr) contained only the lines due to a mixture of hcp and fcc Co(Crj solid solutions. Therefore, it appears reasonable to assume that O2 and/or N2 contamination which would be less likely to occur during the 600°C anneal was not responsible for the observed weak reflection. Also. this reflection cannot be identified with any of the strong lines of the neighboring s phase which is present in the Co-Cr system at higher chromium contents. The composition corresponding to the TiNi3 structure observed by Raman et al.12 in the two-phase alloy Ti,zt,, has been established in the present work as being between There was satisfactory agreement for the low-angle lines (up to d = 1.997A) between the observed diffraction pattern of TiCua and that calculated assuming the ZrAu, structure. as recently proposed by Pfeifer-et a1.I3 However. some of the superlattice lines. e.g., at d = 1.937 and 1.919A. predicted by the ZrAu, structure were not actually observed eve? though neighboring lines. at d = 1.947 and 1.986A. of comparable calculated intensity were present. The ZrAu

Jan 1, 1970

By Oliver S. North

Reserves of perlite rock in the western section of the United States are immense. A geological report prepared for the Union Pacific RR showed proved tonnage of over 400 million tons in southern Nevada alone. Yet the perlite industry is not large, and most of the mines are relatively small. There are indications that perlite processing, thus far largely in the hands of relatively small com¬panies, is becoming concentrated in a few large companies. For economic reasons the bulk of perlite sold in crude form has come from three or four pro¬ducers, although many individual operators have sold small quantities to limited lists of purchasers. Perlite is one of ultra-lightweight aggregates. Owing to its outstanding qualities as an aggregate, variety of uses, and ultimate economy of use, it has enjoyed considerable popularity in this country in recent years. Marked foreign interest also has been evinced in this material.

Jan 2, 1955

By Gordon E. Agar

Several correlations have been proposed to relate energy consumption and size reduction in comminution, and although these are arrived at from different starting points, it is postulated that they are all statements of the same basic concept. To test this postulate, the dry ball mill grindability of langbeinite was determined, and the results were analyzed according to the various methods. An examination &apos; of the energy-particle size relationships proposed in the recent past revealed that they had much in common. In fact, the conclusion was tentatively drawn that these expressions were essentially the same, even though they were arrived at from quite different basic premises. The equations attributed to Charles2 and Holmes3 were shown to re- duce to the same single equation, W - A K-3, and the simulated continuous test used by Maxson et al.4 was shown to give the best experimental value of the required empirical parameter, ß. Furthermore, the size distribution parameter a in the Schuhmann equation, y - (x/K)2, was shown to be equal to ß in many cases. The kinetic approach used by Arbiter and Bhrany5 should give the same results as the Maxson test procedure; however, the batch operation used by Arbiter and Bhrany could not produce data that would be as precise as the simulated continuous technique. To test the validity of these conclusions, the simulated continuous method was used to obtain data on the dry grinding of langbeinite. The results are discussed in terms of the various equations and approaches. APPARATUS AND MATERIAL A ball mill with internal dimensions of 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.) in length by 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.) in diam was loaded to 50% of its volume with balls 3.2 cm in

Jan 1, 1969

The Sub-committee on Safety of the Industrial Organization Com-mittee of the Institute has been asked to cooperate with the National Safety Council, and has made certain recommendations to the Board of Directors of the Institute regarding ways and means of bringing about this cooperation. The National Safety Council has been in existence seven years. Its inception was at a meeting of the American Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers held in Milwaukee in 1912. The first annual congress was held in New York City in October, 1913, at which time the Council was definitely organized. Its membership now consists of nearly four thousand members, representing industrial plants, railroads, public utility companies, insurance companies, state labor commissions, Chambers of Commerce, manufacturers&apos; organizations, etc. These members are in all states of the Union and in eleven foreign countries, and through them the National Safety Council reaches more than six million workers.

Jan 7, 1919

By M. C. Leverett

The behavior of mixtures of immiscible liquids in porous solids is of rapidly increasing interest to those engaged in the production of petroleum. The operation of artificial water-floods and the control of natural ones immediately raise questions concerning the fundamental nature of such processes. Moreover, it is now recognized that often water occurs dispersed throughout the rock from which the oil issues into the well,&apos; and thus tends to move toward the well simultaneously with the oil. The work reported here is a laboratory investigation of the simultaneous, steady-state flow of oil and water through the same column of uncon-solidated sand. It is thus directly related to the situation in which water occurs in oil-producing sands; it may have less direct implications for the displacement of oil from sands by water. However, it is to be clearly understood that the experiments to be described were performed primarily to obtain information of a more or less fundamental nature, and are not an attempt to reproduce, on laboratory scale, any part of an oil field. The dynamic behavior of a system in which oil and water are flowing simultaneously through sand is best described in terms of its "effective permeability" to either phase. For incompressible fluids flowing through a system of uniform cross section, the effective permeabilities to the two phases, in darcys, may be defined by the equations: Ko = PA6A [la] and Ku = Q [lb] In order to put the results obtained on a comparable basis for different sands, the effective permeabilities will be stated as fractions of the normal permeability of the sand; i.e., fractions of its permeability to a homogeneous fluid. Algebraically, these fractions are: KO&apos; = Ko/K, and KWr = K,/X [2a] and [Zb]

Jan 1, 1939

By M. C. Leverett

The behavior of mixtures of immiscible liquids in porous solids is of rapidly increasing interest to those engaged in the production of petroleum. The operation of artificial water-floods and the control of natural ones immediately raise questions concerning the fundamental nature of such processes. Moreover, it is now recognized that often water occurs dispersed throughout the rock from which the oil issues into the well,&apos; and thus tends to move toward the well simultaneously with the oil. The work reported here is a laboratory investigation of the simultaneous, steady-state flow of oil and water through the same column of uncon-solidated sand. It is thus directly related to the situation in which water occurs in oil-producing sands; it may have less direct implications for the displacement of oil from sands by water. However, it is to be clearly understood that the experiments to be described were performed primarily to obtain information of a more or less fundamental nature, and are not an attempt to reproduce, on laboratory scale, any part of an oil field. The dynamic behavior of a system in which oil and water are flowing simultaneously through sand is best described in terms of its "effective permeability" to either phase. For incompressible fluids flowing through a system of uniform cross section, the effective permeabilities to the two phases, in darcys, may be defined by the equations: Ko = PA6A [la] and Ku = Q [lb] In order to put the results obtained on a comparable basis for different sands, the effective permeabilities will be stated as fractions of the normal permeability of the sand; i.e., fractions of its permeability to a homogeneous fluid. Algebraically, these fractions are: KO&apos; = Ko/K, and KWr = K,/X [2a] and [Zb]

Jan 1, 1939

By A. F. Nylander, J. H. Jensen

Magnesium, in its combined forms, is the sixth most abundant element and the third most abundant metal in the earth&apos;s crust, but it is so reactive that it is never found in nature in the elemental state. As part of the rock-forming minerals like magnesite, dolomite, olivine, and serpentine, it is combined in virtually insoluble forms. As part of soluble minerals like kainite (KC1 MgS04 - 3H20), leonite (K2S0, MgSO, 4H20), langbeinite (K,SO, 2MgS04), and carnallite (KC1 . MgCl? 6H20), it is found in evaporite deposits, generally of marine origin, deep within the earth&apos;s crust. Since these minerals are soluble, they are found only in deposits protected from the percolation and leaching action of ground waters by an insoluble and impermeable mantle. Usually this mantle is from several hundred to many thousands of feet thick. Finally, as a solute in marine-like brines, magnesium is common in surface and subterranean waters throughout the world. The oceans, which contain 0.13% Mg, illustrate the inexhaustible nature of the reserve. The recovery of magnesium from the rock-forming minerals, usually by thermal decomposition, and from dilute brines such as sea water by precipitation with lime, are frequent industrial practices. But the recovery of magnesium as magnesium chloride from evaporites or natural brines of concentration greater than sea water has been of little industrial significance for economic and technological reasons. The present US capacity is preponderantly based on the sea-water magnesia process with thermal reduction capacity in second place. No present magnesium capacity is dependent on recovery from the stronger natural brines. But projected capacity, although still weighted in favor of the sea-water magnesia process, is partly based on the recovery of magnesium chloride as a byproduct of potash operations.

Jan 11, 1964

By Gernot Kostorz

In a recent paper, Raffo and itcheell1 compared solid solution hardening of various bcc alloy single crystals at room temperature and concluded that the expression for localized elastic interaction between dislocations and solute atoms2 that gives the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) 7,: to = Z . µE3/2 C1/2 where c = concentration, e = misfit parameter, (µ = shear modulus, Z = numerical constant Fig. 1—The slope dT0/dc1/2 for niobium alloy single crystals deformed at 570°K plotted against the misfit parameter € = In&apos; I + 1616 I. from Ref. 6, •estimated from Ref. 7. Table I. Plateau Hardening and Alloy Parameters for Niobium Alloys dT0/dc1/2, kg/mm2 Solute Ref. 6 Tantalum 3.7 ± 0.3 1.9 0.73 + 0.06 9 0.0 ± 0.5 15 Vanadium 16.1 ±1.4 - 0.69 i 0.01 9 -7.4 ± 0.5 16 Tungsten 12.5 ? 1.5 20.9 0.92 i 0.05 10 -5.0 t 0.4 17 Rhenium - 25.9 1.24 11.12 -8.5 ± 0.4 I5 Molybdenum - 14.6 1.04 13,14 -4.6 s†±?˜µ?fF?? 0.5 17 Hafnium - 13.9 0.37 12 4.8 ± 0.5 17 Table 11. Solid Solution Hardening and Alloy Parameters for Tantalum Alloys i)&apos; dTo/dc1/2 kg/mm2, dTp/dc1/2 kg/mm2, Ref. 22 1006 Solute ˜570°K Ref. 7 See Text Ref. 25 Rhenium 44.3 32.5 0.65 -8.5 Tungsten 32.1 24.3 0.34 -4.6 Molybdenum 29.3 19.1 -0.19 -5.9 Niobium 5.8 5.5 -0.43 0.I

Jan 1, 1970

Members whose deaths were reported from Apr 9, 1921 to Apr 7, 1923 Elected Died 1876 ABADIE, E R. 1923 1906 ADAMS, ARTHUR K 1920 1902 AHLES, ROBERT L 1921 1876 Akerman, Richard 0000 1884 ALEXANDER, CURTIS 1921 1918 ALLEN, CARL A 1923 1880 ALMY, WILLIAM F 0000 1893 AMSDEN, 0. B 1923 1917 ARGALL, P. H 1922 1917 ARNOLD, E C 1921 1914 ASANO, K 1921 1920 AUGUSTINE, ALBERT BEARSS 1922 1906 BAIRD, GEORGE A 1921 1921 BALDWIN, GEORGE P 1922 1920 BASKERVILLE, CHARLES 1922 1915 BENSEL, J A 1922 1890 BENSON, A J 0000 1912 BEST, WILLIAM NEWTON 1922 1892 BILHARZ, OSCAR M 1923 1890 BLACKSTONE, RICHARD 1922 1921 BLOOM, GEORGE BARNETT 1921 1905 BOSTWICK, WILLIAM A 1922 1884 BRANNER, JOHN C 1922 1920 BRIDGE, SAMUEL D JR 1921 1893 BROWNE, ARTHUR, 1922 1871 BUCK, STUART M 1921 1897 BURGER, C C 1922 1882 BURT, CHARLES S 1921 1921 BUTZ, Louis N 1922 1917 CAMPBELL, DONALD G 1921 1915 CAPLES, JAMES WATTS 1919 1892 CARLETON, JAMES G 1922 1914 CARUTHERS, A WAYNE 1922 1911 CHASE, FRED M 1921 1892 CLEMENT, F H 1922 1922 COAN, WALTER ERLING 1923 1872 COGSWELL, WILLIAM B 1921 1881 COLVIN, VERPLANCK 1920 1882 COOLIDGE, WALTER G 1922 1907 CORKILL, FREDERICK 1922 1912 COX, Guy H 1922 1883 CUNNINGHAM, JAMES S 1921 1873 DAGGETT, ELLSWORTH 1923 1916 DAULTON, THEODORE M 1921 1888 DICKERMAN, ALTON L 1921 1902 DIEFFENBACH, H M 1921 1911 DUNSTAN, SIMON P 1920 1917 DYNAN, ALAN E 1922 1920 EASTWICK, THOMAS H A 1922 1876 EDWARDS, J WARNER 1921 1914 ELDER, ROBERT B 1923 1885 EMMONS, ARTHUR B 1922 1911 ENGEL, GEORGE W 1920 1887 FERNOW, B E 1923 1879 FIRMSTONE, H1922

Jan 1, 1923