Search Documents

By Lex B. Golden

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the corrosion properties of certain alloys of titanium and to compare them with those of unalloyed titanium. Such information should make it possible to determine the desirability of substituting these alloys for commercially pure titanium in certain applications. Titanium-manganese, titanium-chromium-iron, and titanium-vanadium-iron alloys, with 2 types of unalloyed titanium, I consolidated by arc melting and the other by powder-metallurgy techniques, were included in the study. Tests were carried out in sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, nitric, and mixed acids and in chloride solutions. All solutions were saturated with air.

Jan 1, 1957

By William Cochran

Data on the cost and quantity available were developed for rutile (TiO2), which is potentially recoverable as a byproduct at sand-washing plants in the Southeastern States of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Baaed on 1969 production data, an estimated 4,300 tons of rutile could be recovered annually from plants that process more than 25,000 tons of sand per year. Rutile prices at which this resource would be available ranged upward from $262 per ton, compared with the current market value of $185 per ton.

Jan 1, 1972

By C. B. Kenahan

A summary of Bureau of Mines research on recycling, reuse, and disposal of mineral-, metal-, and energy-based wastes is presented, accompanied by an extensive bibliography of related publications. The Bureau's waste recycling and disposal program is directed toward the following four main areas of research and development: (1) extraction of mineral, metal, and energy values from urban refuse; (2) upgrading and recycling of automotive and related ferrous and nonferrous scrap; (3) recovery, utilization, and stabilization of mine and mill processing wastes, and (4) recovery and reuse of values from industrial waste products. This publication updates Bureau of Mines Information Circular 8529, which was issued August 1971.

Jan 1, 1973

By O. C. Blade

This report on the properties of motor fuels sold through service stations in the United States was made in accordance with a cooperative agreement between the American Petroleum Institute, and the Bureau of Mines of the United States Department of the Interior. This paper is a continuation of a series made in cooperation with the Coordinating Fuel Research (CFR) Committee of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC), Inc. The first of this series of reports presented data on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1935-36, and succeeding reports described motor gasolines sold during the summers and winters to and including the summer of 1941. No reports were made on motor gasolines sold during the winter of 1941-42 and during the summer of 1942. However, starting with the winter of 1942-43, the semiannual reports were resumed

Jan 1, 1948

By Albert W. Deurbrouck

The performance of four sand cones was evaluated by the Bureau of Mines in three preparation plants that utilized cones in various flow schemes. The cone at plant A was a simple two-product one that provided clean coal and refuse. Plant B had two cones; one cone made a primary separation and the other a secondary separation. The primary cone separated salable coal from heavy rejects. The secondary cone separated a low-ash metallurgical coal and an intermediate-ash product suitable for plant fuel or steam markets. In plant C the sand cone was equipped with a middlings draw Which continually removed an intermediate specific-gravity product below the surface of the cone. The three primary separations of raw coal effected between floats and sinks were excellent. The recovery efficiencies for the plus 1/4-inch material ranged from 99.8 to 97.6 percent, the error areas ranged from 19 to 23 square centimeters, and the probable errors in specific gravity ranged from 0.033 to 0.024. The performance data of the two secondary separations varied from excellent in plant B, where the separation was on a par with the primary separations, to somewhat inferior in plant C, where the secondary separation was effected at the middlings draw.

Jan 1, 1965

By Joseph E. Matta

The Bureau of Mines conducted a field study to investigate thin suppression of respirable dust by water sprays on a continuous-mining machine. Determining the importance of the top and bottom sprays for two types of spray nozzles was emphasized. Results showed, at a 90-pct confidence level, that (1) at least 70 pct of the dust was generated during the sump cut, even though nearly half of the coal was mined during the downshear operation, (2) the water sprays on the top of the boom had little effect in suppressing respirable dust, and (3) B.D. 5 spray nozzles mounted beneath the boom reduced dust at least 33 pet more than B.D. 5 sprays mounted on top of the boom. A single-cut technique was developed that gave good reproducibility for replicate cuts (coefficient of variation of 20 pct).

Jan 1, 1976

By John W. Cole

The Butte district has been the principal producer of metallurgical-grade manganese in the United States since World War I. Manganese dioxide nodules are produced from rhodochrosite ore by concentrating the rhodochrosite and roasting the concentrate in rotary "cement-type" kilns. The Anaconda Copper Mining Co. is the only producer at present. Under the stimulus of a purchasing program administered by Metals Reserve Company during World War II, however, several independently owned or operated mines (including the Norwich) produced manganese carbonate ore. These mines were examined in Juno 1949 by John W. Taber, mining engineer, Bureau of Mines. A core-drilling program to develop ore in the Norwich mine was recommended and approved. drilling was completed early in 1950. This report gives factual data obtained.

Jan 1, 1951

By L. W. Kelly

The purpose of this circular is to show that, under the conditions prevailing in the Stony Point mine, wooden bolts were just as satisfactory as steel bolts or conventional timbering, with a reduction of approximately 80 percent in cost of material. This one fact alone is enough to justify an experiment with wood. This circular will show that production records have remained constant with both wooden and steel roof bolts. INTRODUCTION The successful use of steel roof bolts is now an accomplished fact in the coal industry, but the use of wooden bolts in place of steel is a rarity. The first experiment with wooden roof bolts was mane in 1949 in the Rio Verde mine, Norton Coal Corp., Nortonville, Ky.2/ This experiment was successful; the company obtained excellent results, but operations in the mine were suspended before enough time had elapsed to prove the value of wooden roof bolts conclusively. It is obvious that, if wooden roof bolts could be used in place of steel bolts or conventional timbering-methods, every mine operator would use word, as the cost is only a fraction of the other two methods. The Stony Point experience has proved conclusively that, under certain conditions and with a certain type of roof, wooden roof bolts can be used successfully.

Jan 1, 1952

By J. Kruttschnitt

This paper, describing milling practice at Mount Ira Minis, is one of a series covering milling methods and cost that is being published by the Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior. The Mount Isa concentrator began operations in day 1931 by treating a mixture of oxidized and sulfide ores. Since March 1935 only sulfide ores have been milled; this change involved major alterations to the flow sheet. The maximum capacity on mixed oxide and sulfide ores was 2,650 tons per day; the present capacity is approximately 1,880 tons of sulfide ore per day. The installation of additional crushing, grinding, and flotation equipment when completed early in 1939 will increase the maximum capacity of the concentrator to 2,240 tons of sulfide ore daily.

Jan 1, 1939

By John B. Knaebel

Hammer machines are now widely used for underground sampling and exploration. Their application to such work can be divided into two classes - sampling and testing with ordinary drilling equipment to shallow depths of 22 feet or less, and "long hole" drilling with heavy machines and special equipment to depths of as much as 250 feet or more. In the first category hammer drills are employed for either of two distinct purposes: first, as a means of checking the results of grab or cut samples or, in certain types of ore deposits, as a substitute for these methods; and second, as a method of sampling the ground 5 to 20 feet beyond existing faces and thus aiding in the control of stoping operations or in the direction of development headings, as the case may be. The deep-hole drill, in the second category, has proved to be a valuable adjunct to the old established methods of exploring, end developing ore, provided it is employed under natural conditions to which it is suited, handled by men thoroughly familiar with the technique of its operations, and used with its possibilities and limitations clearly understood.

Jan 1, 1932

By G. W. Jones, F. E. Scott

"INTRODUCTION During the last war, considerable attention was given to the search for materials or combinations of materials for use as expelling agents for aerosols in the well-known ""aerosol bomb."" These materials must be free of fire and explosion hazards under normal conditions of use.In cooperation with the Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies interested in the work, the Bureau of Mines carried out a laboratory investigation on the inflammability of- dimethyl ether-dichlorodifluoromethane air mixtures. 4/The method of investigation was essentially the same as that used in a similar investigation dealing with the inflammability of propane-butane-dichlorodifluoromethane mixtures. 4/SOURCE OF MATERIALSThe dichlorodifluoromethane (commonly known as freon-12) and the dimethyl ether were supplied by Dr. Lyle D. Goodhue., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md. It was reported that the freon-12 was manufactured by the Kinetic Chemical Co. Wilmington, Del., and the dimethyl ether by the Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp., Charleston, W. Va..The materials were obtained in small metal cylinders and were used as received. Before using, the cylinders mere placed in an upright position, and 5 to 6 liters of the gas was released from each cylinder to the atmosphere to remove any trapped air that may have been introduced when the cylinders were filled."

Sep 1, 1947

By Thomas E. Green

A gas volumetric method was developed for determining metallic aluminum at the 0.01-to 0.3-percent level in 100-gram samples of recycled glass. The method is based on the measurement of the change in gas volume produced by the reaction 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O ? 2 NaAl02 + 3 H2 using a simple apparatus assembled from readily available glassware. Apart from sampling errors, the precision of the method is within ±5 percent. A minor modification of the apparatus would extend the method to larger samples or samples of higher metallic aluminum content. Metallic iron and metallic zinc do not interfere at the concentrations found in recycled glass recovered from incinerator residues.

Jan 1, 1971

By Scott Turner

Many of you radio listeners have probably never seen a mine . You may be glad of it, but you should not forget that there is a vast army of men in this country who not only have to see mines , but have to work in them day by day in order that you may be supplied with many of the things you need. Specifically , nearly a million men work in the mines of the United States , 700,000 in the coal mines , 110,000 in the metal mines , 100,000 in other mines and quarries , and 75,000 in the oil and gas fields . On a stormy night , the average citizen is apt to think of the perils of the seaman . Particularly in the old days before steamships , many a prayer went up " God help the poor sailor on a night like this . " At the same time , the sailormen often expressed fear for the poor landlubber , exposed as he was to the danger of falling chimneys , swaying signboards , and uprooted trees . So with the miner . Many of you may pity him , for working underground in complete darkness except for feeble artificial lighting , mining coal or ore , drilling hard rock , handling explosives , and perhaps breathing vitiated air . On the other hand , on stormy days , with rain , snow or hail falling , and with the temperature low , or on hot bright days , I have often heard miners joke about the poor fellows who had to stay " on top, " and could not get " down below" where there was no wind , where no snow fell, where the temperature was unchanging , and where a man could have his own working place , arranged to suit himself , with little interference from meddlers and with no automobiles to dodge . So do not feel too sorry for the miner . He is quite apt to be a strong , healthy , hearty person , making pretty good wages , and fairly well contented with his lot .

Dec 1, 1930

By James F. O'Neill

Brown iron ore deposits in Quitman County , Ga . , were investigated by the Federal Bureau of Mines in cooperation with the State of Georgia , Department of Commerce , and the University of Alabama . Ninety- one holes were drilled , having an aggregate footage of 2,188 feet ; seventy- one holes penetrated 248 feet of iron mineralization . Average thickness of the ore zone was 3.5 feet under an average thickness of 14.7 feet of overburden . The drilling developed inferred reserves containing nearly 30 million long tons of crude ore with an average analysis of 28 percent iron plus minor quantities of manganese . Test work done by the Bureau on the crude ore samples indicated that they would upgrade by current log washer practice , with the use of a 1 /8 - inch screen , and yield 4.4 million dry long tons of concentrate with an average analysis of 52.1 percent iron plus manganese . The weight recovery obtained was 14.7 percent . Research studies made by the Bureau showed that the weight recovery would be increased by changing the screen size without any appreciable sacrifice of grade . The average weight recovery was increased to 18 percent with a 10 - mesh screen and 22.8 percent with a 20 - mesh screen . Screen tests studies indicated that there was no appreciable interlocking of the iron and manganese minerals and the clay and silica waste particles of the materials retained on a 200- mesh screen . Clay was prominent in micron - size slimes . Silica was deleterious in the minus 20 - mesh size .

Jan 1, 1965

By Paul M. Tyler

The enormous deposits of greensand in New Jersey and elsewhere in the United States, many of them close to important octant industrial centers, constitute a perpetual challenge for research chemists to convert them into a commercial asset of national importance. Following the introduction of more concentrated fertilizers, comprising synthetic mixtures of more soluble salts, the quantity of greensand used directly upon the soil has diminished, but deposits of such material still have at least potential value locally for use not only as fertilizer but also as a water softener. An annotated bibliography of the already extensive Literature on greensand, virtually complete to about the end of 1929, has been issued by the Bureau of Mines3/, and the commercial aspects as well as the technology of greensand utilization are discussed in available publications, The purpose of the present circular, therefore, is merely to provide a brief outline of certain general essential considerations for use in appraising the potential value of a greensand deposit in any given locality.

Jan 1, 1934

By Nan C. Jensen, Oliver Bowles

Stone , the foundation of the continents and the floor of the oceans , is one of the most substantial and enduring of all substances that constitute the material universe . Stone furnished rude shelter for aboriginal man , and through all succeeding ages it has provided a lasting and serviceable structural material . Limestone is one of the most widely used building stones .

Oct 1, 1947

By William H. King

The Mining Division of the Bureau of Mines has been making development and power-requirement studios for the Interior Department Missouri Basin Field. Committee. The studies by the Bureau of Mines have as their purpose, the summarizing of potential future power requirements in the mineral industry within the Missouri Basin, special emphasis being placed on possible expansion of these requirements through construction of new mining enterprises by private capital. In preparing a proposal for the production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock near Lander, Wyo., it was found that the basic information on the physical and chemical characteristics of the phosphate beds to determine costs of mining and treatment was lacking.

Jan 1, 1949

By Leonard F. Heising

At the Groveland-mine iron ore is mined by open-pit methods and concentrated by means of spirals and flotation. A brief history of the mine and its early development is given. The ore deposit is described, with emphasis on those physical characteristics that affect the choice of mining and milling methods. Development and mining, which include breaking ground, loading, transportation, engineering, and operating control; are explained, and the milling method is described Mining and milling costs are given in percent of total cost.

Jan 1, 1963

By C. M. McKinney

This report contains Bureau of Mines routine crude-oil analyses of 20 samples from5 areas on the arctic slope of Alaska. Two samples were condensates from the South Barrow gasfield, Barrow Lakes area. The remaining 18 samples were crude oils from the following areas: Barrow Lakes, 1 seepage sample; Umiat, 10 well samples; Cape Simpson, 1 seepage sample and 3 well samples; Fish Creek, 2 well samples; and Wolf Creek, I well sample. Table 1 summarizes information on the origin of the crude-oil samples, and table 2 summarizes characteristics of the samples. Item numbers in both tables correspond to item numbers of the analyses at the end of this report, and the samples are referred to by these numbers throughout the text.

Jan 1, 1959

By William A. Beck

"INTRODUCTION Mica is found in Georgia from the Fall Line in the central part of the State to the Valley and Ridge Province in the northwest. During the past 3 years, Georgia has been one of the chief producers of dielectric mica in the United States. Since January 1945, when prices were reduced, mining has decreased until practically no sheet mica is being recovered at present.The main mica-bearing regions in the State may be classified into three districts: The Thomaston district comprising Upson, Lamar, and Monroe Counties; the Ball Ground district, comprising Cherokee and Pickens Counties; and the Hartwell district, comprising Hart and Elbert Counties. There are numerous mines and prospects in all of these districts. All have been visited from time to time by engineers of the Bureau of Mines and by members of the Federal Geological Survey. The Federal Survey has made detailed maps and reports on all of the most important ones.This report will deal with five of these properties on which the Bureau of Mines has diamond-drilled.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIn its program of investigation of mineral deposits, the Bureau of Mines has as its primary objective the more effective utilization of our mineral resources to the end that they make the greatest possible contribution to national security and economy. It is the policy of the Bureau to publish the facts developed by each project as soon as practicable after its conclusion. The Mining Division, I. B. Moon, chief, conducts preliminary examinations, does the actual investigative work, and prepares the final report. The Metallurgical Division, O. C. Ralston, chief, analyzes samples and makes beneficiation tests."

Apr 1, 1948